同轴撞击流浓缩器的浓缩性能研究

从实验和理论上对撞击流浓缩器(ISC)进行了研究。实验主要研究了空气进口温度、空气进口流量、液滴加速管的长度对ISC容积蒸发系数的影响。研究结果表明:ISC的容积蒸发系数随空气进口流量的增加、空气进口温度的升高而增大;并证明,宜使用较短的加速管。在理论分析的基础上建立了ISC浓缩溶液的理论模型,借助基于该模型的数值计算,模拟了ISC内液滴的蒸发过程,通过与实验值的比较证明了模型的正确性。     

同轴撞击流浓缩器浓缩溶液的理论研究

根据撞击流原理设计开发了一种新型溶液浓缩设备——撞击流浓缩器,在理论分析的基础上推导出撞击流浓缩器浓缩溶液的数学模型,运用实验结果验证了模型的正确性;基于该模型的数值计算结果,得到了浓缩器内气、液温度和速度及液滴浓度和累积蒸发量等沿轴向位移的变化。     

两喷嘴对置撞击流径向射流流动特征

对喷嘴间距与喷嘴直径比为0.5～100范围内两喷嘴对置撞击流径向射流的湍流脉动特征、速度分布和扩展率等进行了实验研究和数值模拟。研究结果表明,撞击流径向射流明显较自由射流湍动强烈;从驻点开始径向射流速度逐渐增大到最大值后开始衰减,射流呈现自相似性;随着喷嘴间距增大,撞击流径向射流的扩展率呈现增大的趋势,大约为自由圆射流的1.5～3倍。采用CFD软件对撞击流径向射流的速度分布特征进行了数值模拟,与实验结果相比,两方程湍流模型预报的撞击流径向射流的扩展率明显偏小,雷诺应力模型的预报精度有较大改进。     

单相撞击流强化水处理传质过程的数值模拟

为了探讨应用撞击流技术强化废水高级氧化降解等化工过程,采用控制容积数值分析法通过FLUENT软件分别模拟了气相和液相单相撞击流的流场.模拟结果表明,撞击过程形成强烈的湍动,为强化传递提供很好的条件.其中,液相撞击流撞击面上的相对速度高于气相撞击流撞击面的相对速度.研究表明,应用撞击流强化废水处理传质等化工过程,是有效而且是可行的.     

平面撞击流偏斜振荡影响因素的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟对35≤Re≤145000、4≤L/h≤40范围内的平面撞击流偏斜振荡特性进行了研究。通过对平面撞击流模拟与实验结果的比较验证了数值模拟的可靠性,重点考察了不同流体介质、边界受限程度及喷嘴出口高宽比等因素对平面撞击流偏斜振荡特性的影响,并对平面撞击流发生偏斜振荡的量纲1参数范围进行划分。研究结果表明,不同流体介质对平面撞击流量纲1偏斜振荡周期几乎没有影响,量纲1偏斜振荡周期随着边界受限程度的增大而增大,随着喷嘴出口高宽比的增大而减小。     

一种改进型撞击流反应器的研究

提出了一种进口速度动态变化的撞击流反应器,其撞击面在中心位置波动,增加了颗粒的有效混合区域,可进一步加强相间的传热传质。并采用计算流体动力学对改进型的撞击反应器进行数值模拟,模拟中采用了三角形和抛物线形两种流型,并与传统直线形流型进行对比分析。分析结果表明,改进型的撞击流反应器中颗粒活动区域得到加强,与经典的撞击流反应器相比有明显的优势。     

撞击流技术的研究进展及应用前景

本文综述了撞击流技术的理论研究和应用研究进展,并给出了实际操作示例;论述了撞击流技术的应用前景。     

DSMC方法在大规模气固两相撞击流中的应用

将直接模拟Monte Carlo（DSMC）方法应用于颗粒数目庞大的大规模气固两相撞击流的数值模拟研究,旨在解决基于拉格朗日法模型难以模拟含大量颗粒碰撞的多相流问题,建立了气固两相撞击流的数理模型。应用所建立模型计算分析了撞击流中的气相流动、颗粒运动、颗粒及颗粒碰撞位置分布;并对模型中考虑颗粒碰撞和不考虑颗粒碰撞时,计算获得的颗粒运动行为、停留时间以及对气相的影响等结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：经发展,DSMC方法能够有效地应用于大规模气固两相撞击流的数值研究;颗粒运动区域可分为颗粒碰撞区、颗粒射流区和颗粒发散区;颗粒碰撞主要发生在颗粒碰撞区内,使得颗粒在该区域富集,且明显缩短颗粒在撞击区的停留时间;在所研究的较小固气比条件下,颗粒的存在对气相流动的影响不显著。     

新型超高压微型撞击流发生器制备微乳液的研究

提出一种集撞击流、超高压和微通道三者优势的新方法,超高压提供动力,颗粒在微通道中保持能量集中,受剪切力的作用得到初步粉碎细化,从微通道喷出的两股高速流体相互撞击,颗粒被进一步粉碎、分散。根据新方法设计了超高压微通道撞击流发生器,从模拟、理论和实验3个方面对结果进行了研究,成功制备了微纳米颗粒。     

基于阶跃射流的撞击流反应器流场动态特性分析

利用实验与数值模拟方法对动态阶跃型撞击流反应器流场特性进行研究,分析不同入口速度条件下流体流动规律、湍流特性以及能量水平。结果表明,动态阶跃型入口条件下,撞击面在两喷嘴之间周期性移动,流动参数也会发生周期性变化。随着入口平均速率的增大,驻点速度逐渐增大;随着两喷嘴入口速率差的增加,撞击面移动速度加快,撞击区流体湍流强度逐渐增加;随着入口平均速率与入口速率差的增大,XOZ平面在一个周期内的平均湍动能逐渐减小。对比动态撞击流反应器与稳态撞击流反应器内流场特性,探究动态入口条件对撞击流反应器流场特性的影响。结果表明,动态阶跃撞击流反应器湍流黏度、湍流强度和湍动能等参数均明显高于稳态撞击流反应器,撞击轴线上的湍动能梯度分布大于稳态撞击流反应器。动态入口条件下撞击流反应器流体湍动更剧烈,能量水平更高,有利于增加流场内流体扰动与促进混合。     

撞击流性质及其应用

撞击流已被证明强强化相间热质传递最有效的方法之一,但不可能是一种万能的工具,因为它也有其本身的局限性,在回顾前人和本文作者一系列研究结果的基础上,综合评价了撞击流的基本特性,包括优点和缺点,诸如气固系统阻力不大,传递系统大,混合强烈,活性区停留时间很短以及难以安排多级系统等。简要介绍了撞击流工业应用现状和某些有希望成功的开发研究,包括本文作乾所作的循环撞击流干燥过程和撞击流反应制“超细”白炭黑研究的主要结果。     

Fundamental Research on Drying Process in Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS

Some results of our fundamental research on drying processes are summed up in this article. It consists of three parts: (1) Multistage fluidized bed drying, including particle flowing characteristics, heat and mass transfer between particles and drying medium, drying characteristics of drying materials; (2) Impinging stream drying, the flowing and drying characteristics of a vertical impinging stream dryer, one-stage and multistage semi-circular impinging stream dryer and combined vertical and semi-circular impinging stream dryer are discussed; (3) The effects of rapid transient heat and mass transfer on drying processes, such as time and space scales for nonFourier or nonFickian and influence of extreme heat and mass transfer are also discussed.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A DOUBLE-DECK CONVEYOR DRYER - A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

This paper illustrates the use of numerical simulation models for evaluating the performance of a moving bed dryer. A finite-volume method is employed in developing a steady state, two-dimensional numerical model for a double-deck conveyor dryer. Using this numerical model, variations in the product moisture content and temperature along the length and across the height of the product beds are predicted. Similarly, the resulting variations in the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air are predicted in the entire two-dimensional domain of a dryer. Effect of air-to-product mass flow ratio and product residence lime on the average moisture content of the outgoing product are also evaluated for three different drying air temperatures.     

Fundamental Research on Drying Process in Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,CAS

Abstract

Some results of our fundamental research on drying processes are summed up in this article. It consists of three parts: (1) Multistage fluidized bed drying, including particle flowing characteristics, heat and mass transfer between particles and drying medium, drying characteristics of drying materials; (2) Impinging stream drying, the flowing and drying characteristics of a vertical impinging stream dryer, one-stage and multistage semi-circular impinging stream dryer and combined vertical and semi-circular impinging stream dryer are discussed; (3) The effects of rapid transient heat and mass transfer on drying processes, such as time and space scales for nonFourier or nonFickian and influence of extreme heat and mass transfer are also discussed.     

Numerical investigation of the multi-pin electrohydrodynamic dryer: Effect of cross-flow air stream

Abstract

This article presents the results of numerical simulation and experimental study of a multi-pin electrohydrodynamic (EHD) dryer. Combined effect of EHD flow and the external air cross-flow on drying performance was investigated with 3-D numerical model, which accounts for electric field, electric charge transport, external air cross-flow and material-gas moisture transport. Effect of cross-flow air stream on drying was positive in the range of low velocities, changing to negative at high velocities due to counteracting with EHD flow. Numerical simulation predicted previously unknown effect of EHD flow on the cross-flow air stream, which was quantified as an increase of airway resistance. This prediction was fully validated by experiments. Both numerical simulation and experiment proved that for given intensity of EHD flow there is an optimum value of the cross-flow, resulting in maximum drying performance. The numerical model can be applied to determine the optimal operating parameters for multi-pin EHD dryer.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A DOUBLE-DECK CONVEYOR DRYER - A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT

This paper illustrates the use of numerical simulation models for evaluating the performance of a moving bed dryer. A finite-volume method is employed in developing a steady state, two-dimensional numerical model for a double-deck conveyor dryer. Using this numerical model, variations in the product moisture content and temperature along the length and across the height of the product beds are predicted. Similarly, the resulting variations in the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air are predicted in the entire two-dimensional domain of a dryer. Effect of air-to-product mass flow ratio and product residence lime on the average moisture content of the outgoing product are also evaluated for three different drying air temperatures.     

Simulation of flow and drying characteristics of high-moisture particles in an impinging stream dryer via CFD-DEM

Impinging stream dryer (ISD) is an alternative for drying high-moisture particulate materials. Due to the complex multiphase transport phenomena that take place within an ISD, use of a reliable computational model instead of a tedious experimental route to aid the design of the dryer is desirable. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics were used in combination with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to predict, for the first time, the multiphase transport phenomena within a coaxial ISD; results from a model that does not consider particle-particle interactions (CFD) were also obtained and compared with those from the CFD-DEM model. In all cases, high-moisture particles having negligible internal transport resistance were assumed. Both models were used to simulate the gas-particle motion behavior, particle mean moisture content, particle mean residence time, and particle residence time distribution. The simulated results from both models were compared with the experimental data whenever possible. The results showed that the CFD-DEM model could be utilized to predict the particle motion behavior and led to more physically realistic results than the CFD model. The CFD-DEM model also gave predictions that were in better agreement with the experimental mean particle residence time and moisture content data.     

Selected Aspects of Developing a Simulation Model of a Spouted Bed Grain Dryer Based on the Eulerian Multiphase Model

This article discusses the key aspects of developing a simulation model of a spouted bed grain dryer for an analysis of fluid dynamics. The following aspects have been analyzed: selection of computational space, type of geometry and computational grid, configuration of the mathematical model (based on the Eulerian multiphase model) through the selection of “closures,” turbulence modeling, the simulation model's sensitivity to changes in phase and flow parameters, as well as the configuration of numerical parameters. The presented study makes reference to an earlier experiment carried out by the author, and it sums up the author's previous work in the modeling of a spouted bed grain dryer. This article presents a synthetic overview of the problems that are frequently encountered in the process of developing simulation models of a spouted bed grain dryer and proposes several solutions.     

大面积瓷质砖坯体干燥过程的二维传热传质研究

引用建立于Whitaker的体积平均方程和Darcy定律基础上的多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型 ,寻出一组关于液体饱和度、温度和气相压力的新支配方程 ,应用该方程组对瓷质砖坯体二维干燥过程进行了数值分析。并将传统干燥器与新型干燥器的模拟数据进行比较 ,以期获得某些定性或定量的结论 ,从而用以指导实际生产过程。     

计算喷雾干燥塔直径和高度的数值积分法

提出了计算喷雾干燥塔直径和高度的一种新方法———数值积分法。该法在0.5≤Re≤3000的跨区间(包括部分层流区、全部过渡区和部分湍流区)内,阻力系数与雷诺数之间的关系用误差极小的多项式拟合计算式,取代图解积分法中绘制列线图时使用的误差较大的A llen公式,得出计算雾滴水平飞翔距离和雾滴减速运动下降距离的积分式,用精度很高的四阶复化高斯-勒让德数值积分法直接求出它们的值,然后算出塔径和塔高。算例表明,新方法计算简便、结果精确、易于编程用计算机计算、收敛速度快。