逆岐化法制备硫氰酸亚铜纳米粉体

由CuCl2与Cu通过逆岐化过程,生成Cu+的配合物,以聚乙二醇为分散剂,NaSCN为沉淀剂,合成了CuSCN纳米粉体,制备的CuSCN产品粒度在70nm左右,粉体粒度均匀,文章探讨了制备条件对产物粒度的影响.     

液相共沉淀法制备氧化铟锡超细粉体材料的研究进展

介绍了液相共沉淀法制备氧化锢超细锡粉体材料的工艺,分析了沉淀剂、反应物的浓度、煅烧的温度和时间、分散剂等四个因素对制备过程及产物的影响。按照三氧化铟和二氧化锡的质量比为9∶1选用铟盐和锡盐；用氨水、尿素或碳酸铵作沉淀剂,并且沉淀剂不同,反应时应控制的pH值和反应时间也不同；反应物In~(3+)的浓度0．2mol／L时可得到接近纳米级的超细氧化铟锡粉体材料；700～800℃煅烧3～5h,可使前驱物成为球状,其团聚现象也可以得到综合平衡；分散剂为硫酸铵、硅烷偶联剂KH570等,对其分散机理作了简要的分析。     

二氧化锡粉体材料的制备及表征

以二水合二氯化锡为主要原料,用微波加热法制备二氧化锡粉体.用粒度仪、比表面积仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等对所得粉体进行表征.结果表明:微波加热可使原料反应生成粉体颗粒,其反应物浓度、溶液pH、微波加热功率及反应时间都对粒径产生影响.在二水合二氯化锡用量0.84 g、微波加热功率400 W、溶液pH为1.9～3.0、反应时间20 min、反应物浓度为3.5 mmol/L时,可以制备出二氧化锡粉体.从电镜照片可以看出,可以制备出部分的纳米级二氧化锡粉体.     

纳米氧化锆在水中分散性研究

鉴于粉体分散对无机膜制备具有重要意义,研究了添加不同分散剂及其加入量对纳米氧化锆粉在水中的分散性,以及分散性与溶液pH值的关系。结果表明:悬浮液的分散性能受到分散剂及其加入量和pH值的影响,不同的分散剂在各自的加入范围内有其最佳加入量。通过对粒径和zeta电位分析,考察含分散剂时pH值对纳米氧化锆粉的分散性能,从中优选最佳pH值的范围。     

沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3的工艺

利用硝酸铝溶液和碳酸铵溶液的沉淀反应制备一种氧化铝的前驱体-氢氧化铝。研究了pH值、溶液浓度、分散剂用量对纳米氧化铝粒径的影响。用差热、透射电子显微镜、比表面、激光粒度分析仪等测试手段对产物进行分析。结果表明,当反应温度45℃、pH=5．0、分散剂用量为1．0％（质量百分数）、铝盐浓度为0．1mol／L时,制得的产物经800℃煅烧1．0h,颗粒大小为5—10nm;在1210℃煅烧1．0h可转化为α-Al2O3,一次粒子粒径为40nm左右。     

无机溶胶法制备钛酸锂的研究

采用无机溶胶工艺方法制备纳米级钛酸锂,考察了原料硫酸氧钛的浓度、pH值的控制、分散剂的种类及添加量对溶胶前驱体稳定性的影响,实验得到制备稳定溶胶的最佳工艺条件为:反应物TiOSO4浓度18%,有机分散剂为高聚物醇类,加入比例为0.3%,pH值≤2,按该条件可制的稳定的溶胶前驱体。通过电化学性能应用试验比较,结果表明无机溶胶工艺法很明显的改善了高倍率电流电池容量的保持率及电池的循环性能。     

球形纳米氧化钇的制备与表征

以尿素为沉淀剂,硝酸钇为钇源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为分散剂,采用均相沉淀法制备球形纳米氧化钇粉体,研究了反应物浓度比、表面活性剂用量、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度对氧化钇形貌及粒径的影响。通过激光粒度分析、X射线衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电镜（SEM）分析、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,反应物浓度比、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度会影响粉体的尺寸,适量CTAB的加入可显著降低氧化钇的粒径;在最佳工艺条件下,可制得粒径大小为110~130 nm的球形氧化钇粉体。     

正丁醇水溶液通氨气法制备TiO2粉体

以TiCl4为原料,正丁醇和水的混合液为溶剂,通入氨气促使TiCl4水解,制备出不同粒径的TiO2粉体.由X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和激光粒度仪对样品进行了表征.研究了温度、pH值对粉体的晶型、形貌和粒径的影响.结果表明:在80 ℃通氨气,3≤pH≤8时,所得TiO2粉体均为锐钛矿和金红石的混相,且pH=3时制得的粉体为60 nm左右的球形颗粒,分散性很好;而pH=6,8时所得的粉体团聚严重;室温(20～30 ℃)下通氨至pH=6也可得到分散性较好的无定型态TiO2粉体,但粉体粒径增大,约170nm左右.     

超声化学法合成SrTiO3纳米颗粒形貌的演变

以TiCl4和SrCl2·6H2O为原料,采用超声化学法在较低温度下合成了结晶度良好的星形、方形和球形SrTiO3纳米粉体.实验研究了初始反应物离子浓度、超声时间、pH值对合成产物形貌的影响.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和和能谱仪测定粉体的组分和形貌.结果表明:改变超声时间、pH值和初始反应物离子浓度可以控制SrTiO3纳米颗粒形貌的演变.控制反应时间为40～80min,pH值为12和13时,初始反应物离子浓度低时得到四角对称的星形SrTiO3纳米颗粒,离子浓度增加得到方形和球形颗粒;pH值为14时得到方形和球形的SrTiO3纳米颗粒.     

纳米ATO粉体的制备及性能研究

采用非均相成核法制备了粒径为数十纳米的ATO导电粉体,运用XRD,TEM,粉体表面zeta电位测定等手段对粉体进行了表征.结果表明:粉体均为四方金红石结构,粒径在20nm左右.前驱体的等电点在pH=1～2之间,适当调整反应pH值,可制得分散均匀的纳米粉体.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。