海参皂苷对去卵巢小鼠骨密度的改善作用及机制

目的：研究海参皂苷对双侧去卵巢小鼠骨密度的影响及作用机制。方法：雌性健康C57BL/6J小鼠采用去卵巢术建立骨质疏松症模型,术后4 周,随机分为假手术组（生理盐水）、模型组（生理盐水）和低、高剂量海参皂苷组（分别为7.5、15.0 mg/kg mb）。连续灌胃90 d后,检测尿钙浓度、尿磷浓度、骨密度和骨矿化沉积率,评价海参皂苷对模型小鼠骨矿物质的影响;进一步通过测定ALP等成骨标志指标的mRNA表达情况,以及调控其表达水平的Wnt/β-catenin通路关键基因的mRNA表达情况,探究海参皂苷改善骨密度的分子机制。结果：尿液检测显示,海参皂苷能够显著降低尿钙、磷浓度（P＜0.05）,减少骨矿流失;双能X射线扫描及荧光双标记结果显示,海参皂苷能显著增加去卵巢小鼠骨密度,提高骨矿化沉积率（P＜0.05）;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应结果表明,海参皂苷显著降低Wnt/β-catenin通路中关键基因的水平（P＜0.05）,下调骨生成标志基因ALP、OCN、Col1a和BMP2的mRNA表达水平（P＜0.05）。结论：海参皂苷能通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路降低去卵巢模型小鼠代偿性增加的骨生成,并能够抑制骨矿流失,提高骨密度和骨矿化沉积,改善骨质疏松症。     

基于高通量测序技术的牡蛎壳粉缓解骨质疏松症的研究

目的:探究牡蛎壳粉对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松小鼠的缓解作用。方法:将ICR雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、碳酸钙组和牡蛎壳粉组,肌肉注射地塞米松（1 mg/kg/d）构建骨质疏松小鼠模型,分析股骨微结构、血清钙、粪便钙、股骨钙、骨转换指标和肠道菌群变化。结果:牡蛎壳粉能显著提高骨密度和骨小梁厚度（P<0.05）并降低骨小梁分离度和结构模型指数,改善骨微结构,显著降低血清钙含量（P<0.001）。牡蛎壳粉也能显著升高血清中碱性磷酸酶酶活（P<0.001）,降低抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶酶活（P<0.01）;显著升高骨形成标记物碱性磷酸酶和骨保护素的基因转录（P<0.05）,降低骨吸收标记物抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶和硬骨素的基因转录（P<0.05）。牡蛎壳粉还能改变小鼠肠道菌群结构,增加约氏乳杆菌、产粪甾醇真细菌等的丰度。嗜酸乳酸杆菌、豚鼠乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、产酸拟杆菌与骨形成指标显著负相关,而与骨吸收指标显著正相关。结论:牡蛎壳粉能够抑制骨矿物质流失,提高骨密度和骨小梁厚度,促进骨形成指标而抑制骨吸收指标,改善肠道菌群,从而有效缓解骨质疏松。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白制备工艺优化及其促骨形成作用研究

以14种水产动物卵为原料,筛选出具有较高促前成骨MC3T3-E1细胞增殖活性的鲫鱼卵水溶性糖蛋白,采用响应面法优化了鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白(Sialoglycoprotein of Carassius auratus eggs,Ca-SGP)的提取工艺,并评价Ca-SGP对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、分化和矿化的影响。结果表明,14种水产动物卵中,鲫鱼卵糖蛋白唾液酸含量最高,且对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖率最高,分别为5.76%和145.71%;采用单因素和响应面试验优化得到制备Ca-SGP的最优提取工艺为:NaCl浓度为0.38 mol/L、提取时间为4.2 h、液料比为1:3.88 w/v,在此条件下,Neu5Ac得率的预测值为592 mg/100 g,验证值为588.47 mg/100 g。Ca-SGP对骨形成作用的研究结果表明,Ca-SGP显著提高MC3T3-E1细胞增殖至135.56%,显著提高COL I、OCN和OPN的分泌量,分别提高到32.23、261.46和85.89 ng/mL,显著提高成骨细胞矿化能力至241.67%,说明Ca-SGP具有显著促骨形成作用(P<0.05)。以上研究为寻找安全、有效抗骨质疏松功能因子提供新途径。     

强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用

目的:探讨强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的预防作用.方法:运用切除大鼠卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症模型,50只大鼠随机分为 5 组.假性手术对照组(Sham),去卵巢酪蛋白对照组(Ovx),未强化大豆异黄酮组(O-SI),中剂量大豆异黄酮组(M-SI),高剂量大豆异黄酮组(H-SI).喂养 14 d 后,处死大鼠取血并分离股骨,测定骨密度(BMD)、骨钙、骨磷,并检测实验大鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)含量及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性.结果:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉明显增加去卵巢大鼠的骨密度(P<0.01),骨钙(P<0.01),骨磷(P<0.01),并且可明显降低骨钙素含量(P<0.01)、及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性,增加血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01).结论:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对绝经后骨质疏松症具有明显的预防作用.     

磷酸化南极磷虾肽调控Wnt/β-连接蛋白通路改善大鼠骨质疏松症

目的:研究磷酸化南极磷虾肽(PP-AK P)对双侧去卵巢骨质疏松症模型大鼠的改善作用及其机制。方法:采用双侧卵巢切除法建立骨质疏松症大鼠模型,将SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组(生理盐水)、模型对照组(生理盐水)、阳性对照组【阿伦磷酸钠1 mg/(kg·d)】和磷酸化南极磷虾肽低、高剂量组【400,800 mg/(kg·d)】,灌胃12周后,分别检测血清骨代谢相关指标、骨密度及骨组织形态学;测定Wnt/β-连接蛋白信号通路关键基因m RNA和蛋白的表达。结果:磷酸化南极磷虾肽能显著下调去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠血清中骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(OCN)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP-2)的分泌(P0.01),降低血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)和I型胶原羧基端交联肽(CTX-I)水平(P0.01),降低去卵巢大鼠骨代谢的高转换率;显著提高模型大鼠股骨骨密度(P0.01),并能显著增加骨小梁厚度和面积,降低骨小梁间距,改善骨组织微观结构;q RT-PCR检测结果表明,磷酸化南极磷虾肽能显著降低LRP-5b、β-连接蛋白、RUNX2、OSX m RNA的表达水平;免疫印迹检测结果表明,磷酸化南极磷虾肽能显著降低LRP-5b、β-连接蛋白总蛋白、β-连接蛋白核蛋白及RUNX2蛋白的表达。结论:南极磷虾肽能显著改善双侧去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症,其作用机制与下调Wnt/β-连接蛋白通路,降低骨质疏松症大鼠高骨转换速率有关。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用

目的：从鲫鱼卵中提取唾液酸糖蛋白,研究其对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用,并探究其作用机理。方法：采用切除大鼠双侧卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症大鼠模型,灌胃鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白（400 mg/（kg·d））90 d后,分别检测大鼠尿液骨吸收指标（脱氧吡啶啉、钙、磷）、血清骨吸收指标（抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶、组织蛋白酶K）、血清骨生成指标（骨源性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽）以及血清骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）、核因子κB受体活化因子（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB,RANK）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）含量。结果：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白能显著降低骨质疏松症大鼠尿液脱氧吡啶啉（P＜0.01）、钙（P＜0.01）、磷（P＜0.01）含量和血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）、组织蛋白酶K（P＜0.01）活性,防止大鼠骨吸收;显著降低血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）活性和骨钙素（P＜0.01）、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽（P＜0.01）含量,抑制大鼠高骨转换速率;显著上调OPG（P＜0.01）含量,下调RANKL（P＜0.01）含量,降低RANKL/OPG比值,抑制破骨细胞增殖分化,降低骨吸收。结论：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白具有改善去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的作用,其作用机理可能与下调RANKL/OPG比值有关。     

夏枯草黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的抑制作用

本研究通过干预去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松动物模型,探讨夏枯草黄酮对骨质疏松大鼠骨量、生物力学性能及骨代谢的影响。经夏枯草黄酮处理后,取血清检测血矿物质、护骨素(OPG)、碱性磷酸酶量(ALP)的含量变化,取各组股骨进行骨密度测定和骨组织形态检测,并用荧光定量PCR的方法检测Ⅰ型胶原、整合素β1与粘着斑激酶的mRNA表达。结果显示,夏枯草黄酮组ALP(3.03±0.22 IU/L)、破骨细胞数(0.23±0.05 1/mm2)、骨吸收周长百分数(14.94±5.12%)低于模型组(P0.05),而OPG量(186.34±44.21pg/mL)、骨密度、骨小梁相对体积(26.11±5.32%)和厚度(587.16±165.01?m)与模型组相比则有所增加(P0.05);表明夏枯草黄酮能够提升去卵巢大鼠的成骨细胞的功能,减缓骨吸收和骨代谢,促进骨形成,降低骨小梁损失,抑制骨量减少与骨强度降低,从而提升去卵巢大鼠的骨密度,最终对骨质疏松症起到了抑制作用。     

大豆甙元抑制去卵巢大鼠骨矿丢失和相关元素关系的研究

目的:研究大豆甙元对去卵巢引起的骨质疏松大鼠骨矿物质和相关元素含量的影响。方法:实验用40只三月龄雌性清洁级大鼠,分为4组。其中去卵巢+己烯雌酚组(OVX-E)、去卵巢+大豆甙元组(OVX-D)大鼠每日分别灌胃己烯雌酚或大豆甙元,另二组大鼠仅灌胃等量蒸馏水。饲喂三个月后(90d)处死,收集血和骨样,分别测定钙(Ca)、磷(P)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标。结果去卵巢后雌性大鼠血清Ca、P、Zn、Mg含量无明显变化,但灌胃己烯雌酚或大豆甙元的去卵巢大鼠血清P、Zn、Mg含量则较假手术组(Sham)和去卵巢组(OVX)大鼠显著降低(p＜0．01,p＜0．05)。与OVX组相比,OVX-E和OVX-D组大鼠骨骼Ca、Zn含量得到改善;血清和胫骨钙磷比(Ca:P)的显著升高,分别为增加36．4%和48．6%(p＜0．01),接近Sham组。结论:研究进一步证实大豆甙元在改善骨密度的机理之一是,通过减少血清P、Zn、Mg吸收,提高Ca的吸收利用率,有利于Ca和Zn在胫骨中沉积,而增强骨密度。但血清碱性磷酸酶的表达主要与内源性雌激素水平有关。     

泰山蛹虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和体内抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究泰山蛹虫草多糖(Cordyceps taishanensis polysaccharide,CTP)对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:通过对小鼠灌服多糖实验,观察CTP对小鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果:与环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CY)模型组比较,三个CTP组的血清总蛋白、球蛋白和白蛋白含量均极显著增高(p0.01);三个CTP组的红细胞SOD活性和血清CAT活性均显著提高(p0.01或p0.05),红细胞MDA含量均极显著减少(p0.01)。结论:CTP能显著提高CY所致的免疫损伤小鼠的血清蛋白含量,在一定程度上CTP能减轻CY对小鼠肝脏的损害作用;CTP也能改善CY所致免疫损伤小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液对自然生长老龄小鼠骨代谢的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

观察黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液对自然生长老龄小鼠骨代谢的影响,并与维生素E比较。8月龄SPF级的昆明小鼠,随机分为生理盐水组（NS组）,维生素E组（VE组）,黑芝麻油组（Oil组）,实验持续10周,结束时,处死小鼠,取右侧股骨进行微计算机断层扫描技术（Micro CT）扫描,左侧尺骨进行骨成分含量测定。结果表明：与NS组相比,Oil组骨钙和骨镁含量均显著增加,结构模型指数（SMI）显著降低,而骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨密度（Density）和骨小梁连接密度（Conn-Dens）均有所增加,但差异无统计学意义;与VE组相比,Oil组骨钙和骨镁含量均显著增加;三维图可见其骨小梁分布排列均匀紧密有序,间隙较小,且连续性较好。自然生长的老龄小鼠给予黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液10周后,小鼠股骨的骨量有增加,微观结构得到改善,提示有抗骨质疏松应用的潜力。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响

探讨4种不同酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）的不同CPP/Ca比值对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响.选用4周龄雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为低钙组、补钙组和CPP加钙实验组（A,B,C,D四种CPP按CPP/Ca比值为1,2,4,分别设低、中、高3个剂量组）,以灌胃方式给予补钙和CPP,12周后处死大鼠,取双侧股骨,称重,计算股骨指数;化学法测骨钙,双光能X线吸收法测骨密度.结果表明,4种CPP三个剂量组和补钙组大鼠骨密度均显著高于低钙组（P＜0.01）,其中C种CPP高剂量组的骨密度显著高于补钙组（P＜0.05）,其余各组CPP的骨密度也高于补钙组,但差异不显著.C种CPp在CPP/Ca比值为4时能显著促进大鼠钙的吸收和利用,提高股骨骨钙含量,增加骨密度,其他3种CPP增加骨密度的作用不显著.     

鲫鱼皮胶原肽对小鼠的促钙吸收作用

目的：研究胶原肽（collagen peptides,CPs）对小鼠的促钙吸收作用。方法：采用小鼠低钙膳食模型法, 以昆明雄性小鼠为实验动物,设置正常组、低钙模型组、碳酸钙组、CPs低剂量（500 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）、高剂量 （1 000 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）组、酪蛋白磷酸肽对照组,连续灌胃6 周,考察小鼠血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）活力、钙吸收率、各项骨指标及骨微观结构、骨小梁形态变化。结果：CPs低、高剂量组小 鼠的ALP活力显著低于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,其骨长度、干质量指数、骨钙含量、骨矿物密度（bone mineral density,BMD）、骨矿物含量（bone mineral content,BMC）均显著高于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,CPs低剂量 组可使喂食低钙饲料的小鼠的各项指标达到正常组小鼠的水平。CPs低剂量组小鼠的ALP活力显著低于碳酸钙组 （P＜0.05）,其骨钙含量、BMD、BMC均显著高于碳酸钙组（P＜0.05）,提示补充碳酸钙的同时补充CPs,其促钙吸 收效果更好。结论：CPs可提高小鼠钙吸收率,增加骨小梁数目及强度,促进骨骼生长,从而能有效促进钙的吸收。     

姜黄葛根白芍片对去卵巢大鼠模型骨密度的 影响研究

目的研究姜黄葛根白芍片对去卵巢大鼠模型骨密度的影响,探讨其增加骨密度的作用。方法采用去卵巢的方法建立大鼠骨质疏松模型,用不同浓度的姜黄葛根白芍片灌胃剂量组动物,12周后检测其骨密度、股骨恒重和骨钙含量,观察骨组织病理形态,评价其增加骨密度的作用。结果与模型组对比,姜黄葛根白芍片低、中、高剂量组大鼠的骨密度和股骨恒重均显著增加,中、高剂量组的骨钙含量显著高于模型组,各剂量组骨组织的病理组织学指标与模型组相比有显著性改善。结论姜黄葛根白芍片具有增加大鼠骨密度和骨钙含量的作用,并且能够改善骨组织的病理形态,对治疗临床绝经后骨质疏松症有一定作用。     

Impact of goat milk powdered formulations on mineral absorption,peak bone mass and bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats

BACKGROUND: Goat milk is recognised as nutritious, with benefits to growth and skeletal development. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different goat milk formulae—a whole milk, a skim milk and a goat milk growing‐up formula fortified with pre‐ and probiotics (Formula 1)—on mineral absorption and retention in rats. The effect of long‐term intake of the fortified formula diet on peak bone mass and post‐ovariectomy bone loss in rats was then investigated in a follow‐up study and was assessed by bone density dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and biomechanical testing of bone ex vivo. RESULTS: Goat whole milk and fortified milk formulations improved calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention. Body composition analysis showed that rats fed the fortified diet had higher body calcium and phosphorus content. The fortified diet was then tested in a long‐term feeding trial. Rats fed the fortified diet from weaning had a higher peak bone mass than rats fed a soy protein control diet. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were higher in rats fed the fortified diet. After ovariectomy, all rats lost bone mass, but rats fed the fortified diet maintained significantly higher BMD and BMC values throughout the trial, though still lower than those of non‐ovariectomised control rats. The fortified diet increased bone strength. CONCLUSION: Goat milk specific nutrients supported by pre‐ and probiotics in Formula 1 may improve mineral status during growth and support attainment of peak bone mass. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

The bone‐protective effect of a Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2) in ovariectomised female BALB/C mice

BACKGROUND: Yam products have been marketed for treating postmenopausal syndromes. This study investigated the effects of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2 (TNG yam) on the bone density of ovariectomised (OVX) female BALB/c mice and the mechanism whereby TNG yam exerted this effect. Sham and OVX control groups were fed a control diet while remaining OVX mice were randomly allocated into experimental diets, i.e. yam (630 g TNG powder kg^?1), E2 (20 mg 17β‐oestradiol kg^?1), or genistein (2 g genistein kg^?1) diet. After 12 weeks of feeding, the uterine weight, indices of bone mass and caecal short chain fatty acids were determined. RESULTS: Neither a yam nor genistein diet restored the OVX‐induced uterine atrophy as did the E2 diet. The femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of mice fed the yam diet was greater than those of the sham group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control), while the lumbar BMD of yam and sham groups were similar (P > 0.05 vs sham). The femoral ash and calcium content in the yam group was significantly greater than that in the OVX control group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control). The total short chain fatty acid content in the caecum, only enhanced in the yam group, was not correlated with the calcium content of either bone or the plasma calcium level. CONCLUSION: TNG yam prevented loss of BMD and improved bone calcium status without stimulating uterine hypertrophy in OVX BALB/c mice. TNG yam may be beneficial for postmenopausal women for preventing bone loss. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies

Abstract

Vitamin D fortified foods (VDFs) were taken into consideration due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide. However, the efficacy of VDFs on bone health has not been fully examined. The current meta-analysis was conducted in order to summarize the impacts of VDFs on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers (BTM). A systematic search up to October 2017 was done via PubMed and Scopus search engines. To pool mean differences, random-effects model (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator) was used. Heterogeneity among studies was examined by Cochrane Q test. 20 trials involving 1786 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Based on random effect model, there were significant effects of VDFs on serum 25(OH)D (MD:16.94?nmol/L 95% CI: 13.38, 20.50; p?<?0.001, I²?=?99.0%), BMD (MD: 0.03?gr/cm²; 95% CI: (0.02, 0.05); p?<?0.001, I²?=?58.8%) and paratormone hormone (PTH; MD:?9.22; 95% CI: (?14.97, ?3.46); p?=?0.002, I²?=?98.8%). VDFs may increase serum 25(OH)D and BMD while decrease serum PTH levels. We did not find any beneficial effect of VDFs on BTM.     

小茴香增加大鼠骨密度作用及机制的研究

目的:探究小茴香对去势雌性大鼠骨密度功能的影响,通过大鼠颅骨成骨细胞(ROB)初探其机制.方法:采用SD大鼠进行含小茴香的保健食品配方的急性经口毒性试验,以去势雌性SD大鼠建立骨质疏松动物模型进行增加骨密度的功能性验证.用新生SD乳鼠颅骨为细胞来源培养ROB,CCK-8法观察小茴香40％甲醇提取物对ROB增殖的影响,并...     

Yak (Bos grunniens) milk improves bone mass and microarchitecture in mice with osteoporosis

The effect of milk on bone health is controversial. In this study, the effects of yak milk in mice with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis (OP) were evaluated. Yak milk was provided to OP mice as a nutrition supplement for 6 wk. The results showed that yak milk significantly reduced bone turnover markers (tartrate acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase). The yak milk treatment was also associated with remarkably increased bone mineral density, bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as improved biomechanical properties (maximum load and stress) of the tibia. Furthermore, yak milk mitigated the deterioration of the network and thickness of trabecular bone in treated OP mice compared with the OP model group. The results indicated that yak milk could improve bone mass and microarchitecture through the inhibition of bone resorption in OP mice.