不同保鲜方法对佛手瓜贮藏期间氨基酸含量变化的影响

为探讨不同保鲜方法对佛手瓜贮藏期间氨基酸含量变化的影响,以9℃低温贮藏为对照,在低温条件下(9℃)分别采用气调(5%O_2+5%CO_2+90%N_2)、臭氧(5 ms/L)、水杨酸(5 mmol/L)和1-MCP(450 nL/L)4种保鲜方法贮藏佛手瓜,通过氨基酸自动分析仪测定果实在90 d贮藏期间的氨基酸组成含量变化。结果表明:佛手瓜果实至少含有17种氨基酸,贮藏期间各组果实氨基酸总量水平呈下降趋势,贮藏90 d后,1-MCP处理组保持效果最好为390.666 mg/100 g;相关性分析发现,必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量存在极显著正相关关系r=0.907,且各氨基酸之间具有一定的相关性;药用氨基酸、呈味氨基酸与氨基酸总量的百分比随贮藏期的延长呈不同的变化趋势。     

1-MCP对佛手瓜低温贮藏品质影响的主成分分析和综合评价

以绿皮无刺佛手瓜为研究试材,探索不同质量浓度1-MCP(450,900,1 350 n L/L)处理对佛手瓜果实低温贮藏品质变化的影响。以低温贮藏(9℃,相对湿度95%)为对照,分别测定了各处理果实贮藏期间呼吸强度、Vc、叶绿素含量、硬度、总酚、失重率等品质指标。采用主成分分析法对各项品质指标进行分析,建立佛手瓜果实低温贮藏品质的综合评价模型,并采用该模型对果实贮藏期间的品质变化规律进行评价。结果表明:3组不同浓度1-MCP处理对佛手瓜果实贮藏期间的品质均有不同程度的保持作用。贮藏至第15天,对照组果实综合品质开始急剧下降,而1-MCP处理可使果实品质开始下降的时间推迟15 d,其中900 n L/L的1-MCP处理对果实品质的保持效果最佳。     

1-MCP影响冷藏期蓝莓好果率的通径分析

采用逐步回归和通径分析方法,研究1-MCP处理(0,15和30 mg/L)对蓝莓冷藏期间果实品质及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,在4℃冷藏条件下贮藏期间,1-MCP处理可延缓蓝莓果实好果率和硬度(p0.05)下降,减缓总酸下降和还原糖含量的积累,降低货架期内皱果率。冷藏期内蓝莓的好果率主要受到POD酶活性(0 mg/L1-MCP)、PPO酶活性(15 mg/L 1-MCP组)和·OH清除率(30 mg/L 1-MCP组)等生理生化指标的影响。15 mg/L1-MCP处理的冷藏蓝莓果实可大幅提高POD酶活性,维持PPO酶较低活性,蓝莓的褐变度主要通过PPO酶促褐变对好果率发生间接负向作用。货架期中蓝莓可溶性固形物含量随着1-MCP处理浓度的加大呈下降趋势。     

1-MCP结合二氧化氯处理对青椒货架期品质的影响

为研究青椒货架期品质保鲜新技术,延长货架期,于室温(25±1)℃贮藏条件下,分别用1-MCP(1 mg/L)、1-MCP(1 mg/L)和ClO₂(30 mg/L)联用对青椒进行熏蒸处理,定期测定相关的指标,包括腐烂率、转红率、硬度、失重率、V_C含量、叶绿素含量、还原糖含量等。结果发现:1-MCP单独处理以及1-MCP结合ClO₂处理在青椒贮藏保鲜过程中均起到良好的效果,但1-MCP结合ClO₂处理比1-MCP单独处理更能有效保持青椒贮藏过程中的品质,抑制青椒的腐烂、失重和转红,延缓叶绿素的降解速率。货架期结束时,对照组中腐烂率是1-MCP+ClO₂处理组(3.33%)的5倍;V_C含量、还原糖和叶绿素含量分别高于对照27.40%、44.31%、20%。在整个贮藏期间,1-MCP结合ClO₂处理的果实硬度仅下降了6.70%。结果表明,1-MCP结合ClO₂处理可以有效延缓青椒的采后生理变化,保持青椒的品质。     

1-MCP结合ClO2处理对冰温贮藏玫瑰香葡萄生理和品质的影响

以玫瑰香葡萄为试材,通过对不同处理方式果实在贮藏期间品质和生理生化指标的变化分析,探讨冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2℃)条件下,1-MCP和ClO2处理对果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,1.0μL/L1-MCP结合1.0μL/LClO2处理比1.0μL/L1-MCP、1.0μL/LClO2单独处理更能有效保持葡萄贮藏过程中的品质,并降低与衰老相关的生化反应,贮藏45d时1-MCP+ClO2处理的腐烂率和果梗褐变指数分别比对照低36.23%、12.50%,果实硬度仅下降了2.93kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量和VC含量分别高于对照0.50%、2.52mg/100g;丙二醛含量低于对照5.86μmol.g-1,POD、SOD活性较对照增强,有效延缓了葡萄在贮藏过程中的衰老进程。     

CPPU、1-MCP处理对猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响

以陕西"秦美"猕猴桃为试材,在(0±0.5)℃贮藏条件下,研究对照果、N-2-氯-4-吡啶基苯-N'-苯基脲(CPPU)处理果、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理果、CPPU+1-MCP处理果的呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、硬度、感官等指标的变化。结果表明:5 mg/L CPPU处理能有效促进猕猴桃果实乙烯的释放、硬度的下降和有机酸的分解,增加果实的软化率和烂果率,长时间贮藏降低果实的感官品质,因此5 mg/L CPPU不宜用于秦美猕猴桃的贮藏。1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理能延缓冷藏期果实呼吸高峰的出现,抑制乙烯的释放和可滴定酸的下降,显著抑制果实硬度降低,减少果实的腐烂率和软化率,但会使其口味变酸,影响其食用价值。CPPU或1-MCP处理均对SSC没有影响。CPPU+1-MCP处理能延缓呼吸高峰的出现,抑制乙烯的释放以及硬度和可滴定酸的降低,能降低CPPU处理果的腐烂率,因此实际生产中可用于CPPU处理果的保鲜,但其会降低果实的感官品质。总之,1-MCP处理果的保鲜效果最好,同时1-MCP处理会抵消CPPU处理的负效应,延长CPPU处理果的贮藏期,从而为猕猴桃贮藏的保鲜技术提供理论基础。     

1-MCP结合ClO_2固体缓释剂处理对番茄贮藏的保鲜效果

以绿熟番茄果实为试材,研究了室温[(20²5)℃]和低温[(10±1)℃]贮藏条件下,1-MCP、ClO2和1-MCP+ClO2处理对果实的保鲜效果。结果表明:2种贮藏条件下,3种处理均能延缓番茄果实转色,降低番茄腐烂,抑制呼吸强度,推迟呼吸跃变的到来,延缓番茄果实硬度的下降;在一定程度上抑制了多聚半乳精醛酸酶(PG)的活性,减缓原果胶向可溶性果胶的转变。从整体情况看,1-MCP+ClO2处理组的保鲜效果优于1-MCP和ClO2单独处理组;且低温加1-MCP+ClO2处理对番茄的贮藏保鲜效果最好,贮藏45 d时其腐烂率比对照组低54%、果实硬度仅下降了0.22 kg/cm2、可溶性固形物含量和原果胶含量分别比对照组高0.35%、0.2 g/100 g。     

壳聚糖结合1- 甲基环丙烯处理对李果实货架期品质的影响

为改善贮藏后李果实品质和开发综合贮藏保鲜技术,研究贮藏前壳聚糖涂膜处理及其结合贮藏后1- 甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸处理对货架期“牛心”李果实品质的影响。结果表明：贮藏前采用10、15、20g/L 壳聚糖溶液涂膜处理及其结合贮藏后采用1.0μl/L 1-MCP 熏蒸可以有效保持低温贮藏(2℃、4 周)后货架期(23～25℃)李果实的硬度,延缓果实VC 含量的下降和果皮色泽的转红,抑制果实腐烂的发生。壳聚糖和1-MCP 的结合处理比两者各自的处理效果都好,能进一步显著地改善李果实在货架期的品质表现,为李果实综合贮藏保鲜技术开发提供依据。     

1-MCP协同冷库处理对克瑞森葡萄保鲜效果的影响

为研究1-MCP协同冷库处理对采后克瑞森葡萄保鲜效果的影响，以当日采摘的葡萄果实为试验对象，分别用0.5,1,1.5,2μL/L 1-MCP熏蒸4 h处理，无1-MCP熏蒸作为对照，之后置于（0±0.5）℃，相对湿度80%的保鲜库中贮藏90 d。贮藏期间每15 d取样观察葡萄果实保鲜效果和测定相关生理指标。结果表明，在贮藏第90 d，与对照果实相比，1.5μL/L 1-MCP协同低温贮藏果实的落粒率、腐烂率分别降低55.1%,47.8%，硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸分别提高17.6%,35%,36.4%。1.5μL/L 1-MCP结合（0±0.5）℃贮藏能有效保持克瑞森葡萄果实贮藏品质，延长其保鲜期。研究为克瑞森葡萄的贮藏保鲜以及产业化提供依据。     

1-甲基环丙烯与茶多酚处理对樱桃番茄常温贮藏期间品质的影响

樱桃番茄口味鲜美、营养丰富,但采后不耐贮藏,在常温条件下货架期较短。因此,探索一种适用于樱桃番茄的保鲜方式以延长其在常温条件下的货架期,具有重大的经济价值和现实意义。该试验研究了不同浓度的1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)单独处理及与不同浓度茶多酚(Tea polyphenols, TP)溶液结合处理对樱桃番茄采后品质的影响。结果表明：不同浓度1-MCP处理(0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2μL/L)对樱桃番茄均有一定的保鲜效果,其中,0.8μL/L1-MCP处理的保鲜效果较好,到贮藏结束时,0.8μL/L 1-MCP处理组的维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量、果实硬度分别是对照组(CK)的2.36、1.1、1.55倍,失重率和腐败率分别是CK的80.4%、71.4%;与单一的1-MCP处理组相比,1-MCP结合TP处理(1-MCP+TP)对于果实的保鲜效果更好,其中,1-MCP+0.75%TP处理的保鲜效果最好,到贮藏结束时(第10天),1-MCP+0.75%TP处理组果实的可溶性固形物含量、失重率、腐烂率分别是1-MCP处理的1.14倍、56...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the