利用电子自旋共振技术研究海参提取液体外抗氧化活性

以新鲜海参(Stichopus japonicas)为原料,制备海参肠与体壁的提取液。采用电子自旋共振技术(ESR),检测不同浓度的海参肠和体壁提取液对DPPH、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的清除能力。结果表明,海参肠和体壁提取液对DPPH、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的清除能力随浓度升高而增强,海参肠提取液对3种自由基清除能力的IC50值分别为0.910,0.006,0.890μg/mL;体壁提取液对3种自由基清除能力的IC50值分别为1.29,0.52,0.47μg/mL。在相同浓度下,海参肠提取液对DPPH和羟基自由基清除能力强于体壁提取液。     

玉米须粗多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

采用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、还原力4种模型研究玉米须粗多糖的抗氧化活性,试验结果表明玉米须粗多糖在浓度分别为0.1、1.0、2.0 mg/m L时对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0.141、1.429、2.891 mg/m L,具有一定的还原能力,存在着明显的量效关系,有进一步研究的价值。     

大麦糟多酚体外抗氧化活性的研究

用不同方法评价了大麦糟多酚的抗氧化活性,如测定大麦糟多酚的还原能力、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基以及DPPH自由基的清除能力。试验结果表明,大麦糟多酚清除羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的能力较强,大麦糟多酚精提取液的半抑制浓度（IC50)分别为4.132、89.504、15.304 μg/ml,而粗提取液的半抑制浓度分别为87.408、113.795、26.873 μg/ml;在测定大麦糟多酚的还原能力试验中,当吸光值为0.6时,儿茶素、VC、大麦糟多酚精提取液和粗提取液的质量浓度分别为48.8、54.8、44.1和72.9 μg/ml,大麦糟多酚精提取液体外抗氧化能力明显优于儿茶素、VC和粗提取液。     

腾冲红花油茶多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

以水为溶剂对腾冲红花油茶多糖进行提取,并对腾冲红花油茶多糖进行了体外抗氧化活性研究。结果表明:腾冲红花油茶多糖对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基有良好的清除作用,其半抑制率浓度(IC50)分别为9.35、0.95、2.85 mg/mL。     

海芦笋膳食纤维抗氧化性能的研究

通过测定海芦笋膳食纤维对自由基的清除能力,研究其抗氧化性能。采用羟基自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系和DPPH体系对海芦笋膳食纤维清除自由基的活性进行研究。结果显示:海芦笋膳食纤维对羟基自由基的IC50为4.15 mg/mL;对超氧阴离子自由基,在本试验测定范围内的最高清除率为40.5%;对烷基自由基的IC50为3.6 mg/mL;对DPPH自由基的IC50为6.28 mg/mL。结论:海芦笋膳食纤维对羟基自由基、烷基自由基、DPPH自由基均有较强的清除能力,对于超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力较弱。但因为膳食纤维的纯度比阳性对照物低,清除机理也可能不尽相同,因此清除自由基的效果弱于阳性对照物。     

石榴籽多酚的体外抗氧化活性

目的:为拓展石榴籽开发用途,了解其多酚粗提物和纯化物的体外抗氧化活性作用强弱。方法:本实验采用有机溶剂浸提法提取石榴籽中的多酚物质并以有机溶剂萃取法进行纯化,采用ABTS法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、Fenton法和DPPH法测定了石榴籽粗提液及纯化液对ABTS自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子和DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果表明,石榴籽中的多酚粗提液和纯化液对ABTS、DPPH自由基均有较强的清除能力,而对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力较弱;多酚粗提液清除ABTS、DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值分别为37.13 191.82 μg/mL,多酚纯化液清除ABTS、DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值分别为29.11、143.26 μg/mL;纯化液对ABTS自由基、羟基自由基及DPPH自由基的清除能力强于粗提液。     

洋葱皮中粗多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用效果研究

为探究洋葱皮中多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用,试验对洋葱皮中多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用效果进行了研究。试验结果表明,洋葱粗多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,在洋葱粗多糖的质量浓度达到2 mg/m L时,对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力均达到90%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力达到30%,因此洋葱粗多糖对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基都具有较好的清除能力;洋葱粗多糖对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草芽孢杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,在洋葱粗多糖的质量浓度达到0.08 mg/m L时,其抑菌圈直径均在10 mm以上,且抑菌效果随洋葱粗多糖浓度的升高逐渐增强。     

骆驼蓬粗多糖抗氧化性的研究

采用分光光度法测定骆驼蓬粗多糖对羟基自由基、超氧自由基、亚硝酸根的清除能力及其还原能力。结果表明,骆驼蓬粗多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)、亚硝酸根(NO_2~-)都具有一定的清除作用,对O_2~-·(IC50=0.47mg/m L)的清除效果优于·OH(IC50=0.89mg/m L),骆驼蓬粗多糖的还原能力随着多糖浓度的增加而增加,说明骆驼蓬粗多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力。     

淫羊藿药渣多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

以提取过黄酮的淫羊藿药渣为原材料,热水法提取多糖,测定淫羊藿药渣多糖的总糖含量、糖醛酸含量和蛋白质含量,并对多糖结构进行红外光谱分析。通过体外抗氧化实验研究其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除能力。结果表明,淫羊藿药渣多糖的总糖质量分数为73.39%,糖醛酸质量分数为6.33%,蛋白质质量分数为1.87%,对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的最大清除率分别为79.96%、92.77%和69.12%,其IC50值分别为0.26、0.03、0.76mg/mL。     

海参脏器多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

研究海参脏器多糖HPS1、HPS2在体外对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)、以及1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH·)自由基的清除能力.结果表明,HPS1、HPS2对·OH、O2-·和DPPH·自由基均有一定清除作用,且随着多糖质量浓度的增大,其抗氧化活性逐渐增加.HPS1对·OH、O2-·和DPPH.自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.89、0.98、0.31mg/mL;HPS2对·OH、O2-·和DPPH·自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.64、0.78、0.24mg/mL.2种多糖对DPPH.自由基的清除活性尤其明显.HPS2对于3种自由基的抗氧化活性均强于HPS1.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.