旋覆花挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取旋覆花全草挥发油,出油率为0.32%。采用GC-MS联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量,从其中鉴定出34个化学成分,鉴定成分占总峰面积的99.85%。旋覆花挥发油的主要化学成分分别为植酮(21.75%)、长叶烯(9.71%)、棕榈酸(7.98%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7.40%)、肉豆蔻酸(7.38%)、2,6-二甲基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚(7.04%)、2-(对-茴香基)-4-甲基己烯(5.26%)、石竹素(5.03%)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(4.75%)等。鉴定出的34种成分中脂肪类占45.5%,芳香类成分占26.74%,萜类占26.43%,其他类占1.18%。     

两种花椒挥发油的GC-MS成分分析

目的:对采自甘肃天水的两种花椒挥发油中的主要成分及其含量进行研究。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC-MS联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,采用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果:大红袍和油椒出油率分别为2.55%、1.64%,从大红袍及油椒中分别鉴定出36和47个化学成分,大红袍挥发油中主要化学成分为柠檬烯、b-松油烯、b-月桂烯、芳樟醇、4-萜烯醇、α-蒎烯等,油椒挥发油中主要化学成分为柠檬烯、丙酸芳樟醇、4-萜烯醇、芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、乙酸松油酯、γ-松油烯。结论:两种花椒挥发油的主要成分为萜烯、萜醇及其酯类,其中共有成分24个,但其含量有较大差异,为花椒的开发和质量控制提供理论依据。     

海南菠萝蜜挥发油的提取及成分鉴定

以海南菠萝蜜果肉为原料,分别采用乙醚浸提法、水蒸气蒸馏法、吸附法对其挥发油进行提取,并用GC-MS 联用技术对3 种方法所提取的挥发油成分进行分析,分别分离出38、22、14 种组分,鉴定出37、21、13 种化合物,分别占总峰面积的99.47%、99.36%、99.63%。其中共同成分为乙酸丁酯、戊酸丙酯、丁酸丁酯、3- 甲基- 丁酸丁酯、9- 十八碳烯酸。     

维药刺山柑果实挥发油和脂肪酸成分的GC—MS研究

目的：为了研究刺山柑果实挥发油和脂肪酸的成分。方法：使用气相色谱与质谱联用对刺山柑果实的挥发油和脂肪酸进行分析。结果：检测出46种挥发油，异硫氰酸酯类化合物约占总含量的83．14％；9种脂肪酸，必需脂肪酸含量为63．06％，出油率为15．6％。结论：GC-MS分析结果较好。     

杭白菊挥发油化学成分的气桂色谱—质谱联用技术分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从杭白菊中提取挥发油，用气相色谱—质谱对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出126个峰，鉴定出50种化合物，应用面积归一化法测定各成份的相对百分含量。杭白菊挥发性成分主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等。     

遂溪产沙田柚果皮中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取广东遂溪产沙田柚果皮中挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定.共分离出27个组分,鉴定了其中的19种化合物,占总挥发油含量的90.58%.其主要成分为D-宁檬烯(37.18%)和β-月桂烯(26.93%),占总挥发油含量的64.11%.     

维药刺山柑果实挥发油和脂肪酸成分的GC-MS研究

目的:为了研究刺山柑果实挥发油和脂肪酸的成分。方法:使用气相色谱与质谱联用对刺山柑果实的挥发油和脂肪酸进行分析。结果:检测出46种挥发油,异硫氰酸酯类化合物约占总含量的83．14%;9种脂肪酸,必需脂肪酸含量为63．06%,出油率为15．6%。结论:GC-MS分析结果较好。     

常规粉碎对青花椒挥发油含量与成分的影响

为研究常规粉碎对青花椒挥发油含量与成分的影响,本研究测定了不同粉碎程度的青花椒挥发油含量,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法对提取的挥发油成分进行了分析比较。与整粒相比,细粉（80目,国标要求）挥发油损失高达34.2%,其中主要是烯醇类化合物的损失;粗粉（10目）对挥发油含量有较小影响,并且从粗粉挥发油中分离得到的化学成分最多,香气成分也更为丰富。本研究表明,粉碎粒度越细,挥发油损失越多,但适当粉碎则有利于香气成分的散出。      

东北不同地区藿香挥发油化学成分的对比研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取东北不同地区藿香挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析比较,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量;结果:由不同地区藿香挥发油中共检测出76种化学成分,相同成分有29种,其中相对含量较高的化合物有胡椒酚甲醚(15.006%～56.036%)、丁香油酚甲醚(0.293%～9.734%)、n-十六酸(2.465%～5.549%)、脱氢香薷酮(2.417%～47.649%)、丁子香烯(1.880%～5.509%)等。     

欧李果芳香油的成分研究

欧李果实香气浓郁、愉悦,本文应用水蒸气蒸馏方法提取其挥发性油脂并利用气相色谱及色谱-质谱联用(GS/MS)技术进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明,欧李果香气主要由2,2'-丙基联二[2-甲基-5-甲氧基-4-氢-4-吡喃酮]、环丁基二羧酸二乙酯、2,2-二甲基-丙酸-庚酯、己烯二酸二乙酯、2[1-硝基-2[四氢吡喃基-2-氧]-环己醇、3,7,7-三甲基-1,3,5-环庚三烯、2,4-二甲氧基-苯酚组成,其它重要成分有:邻甲基-苯乙酮,环丁基二羧酸二乙酯等,是一种极具开发潜力的天然资源,可广泛应用于食品强化和医药领域。     

Principal phenolic phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of three Chinese medicinal plants

The principal antioxidant components and content of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and golden thread (Coptidis rhizoma) extracts were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. In general, C. cassia, C. longa and C. rhizoma extracts from domestic Taiwan were rich in cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, and berberin, respectively. The contents of cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, and berberin in the acetone extracts were 1911, 2029, and 840 mg l⁻¹, respectively. The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic concentrations of extracts, which had the content of 9.6 (C. cassia), 2.6 (C. longa), and 4.3 (C. rhizoma) mM l⁻¹. In addition, DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assays were employed to measure antioxidant activities. The C. cassia fresh extracts had higher antioxidant activities which were 84–90% (DPPH), 17–33 μmol l⁻¹ (FRAP), and 53–82% (FTC). The activities of C. longa fresh extracts were 22–44% (DPPH), 7–11 μmol l⁻¹ (FRAP), and 53–81% (FTC) while C. rhizoma were 53–64% (DPPH), 18–26 μmol l⁻¹ (FRAP), and 59–82% (FTC).     

Nutrient composition of three Nigerian medicinal plants

The leaves of three Nigerian medicinal plants, Chromolina oduratum, Ipomoea aserifolia and Emilia santifolia, were analysed for their nutritional contents, including crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and minerals. C. oduratum and I. aserifolia were found to have appreciable amounts of crude protein in addition to high calcium and potassium contents. The levels of lead, oxalates and phytates in the plant samples are low compared to recommended maxima for these toxicants. The high levels of these nutrients together with the low levels of toxicity of the leaves make these plants useful as supplements in human and animal diets.     

Effects of medicinal plant Atractylodes japonica on MC3T3-E1 cells

During our survey of the aromatic medicinal herbaceous plants looking for activity on bone metabolism, we found that Atractylodes japonica rhizomes increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Chemical constituents of Atractylodes japonica were separated by hydro-distillation extraction (HDE), and characterized by GC/MS. The effects of Atractylodes japonica essential oils (AEOs) on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were tested. AEO significantly (p<0.05) increased the growth and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, indicating that has potential for use as a natural treatment for osteoporosis.     

Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of medicinal plants and their stick-type medicinal concentrated beverages

Food Science and Biotechnology - Nine medicinal plants and their stick-type medicinal concentrated beverages (SMCB-I and SMCB-II) with different combination ratio were evaluated on antioxidant,...     

Arbutin determination in medicinal plants and creams

A simple flow injection (FI) manifold with spectrophotometric detection was fabricated and tested for arbutin determination. It is based on the measurement of a red-coloured product at 514 nm formed by the complexation reaction between arbutin and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP) in the presence of hexacyanoferrate (III) in an alkaline medium. On injecting 300 μL standard solutions at various concentrations of arbutin into the FI system under optimum conditions, a linear calibration graph over the range of 1.0–30.0 μg mL⁻¹ arbutin was established. It is expressed by the regression equation y  = 0.2188 ± 0.0036 x  + 0.1019 ± 0.0366 ( r ²   = 0.9990, n  = 5). The detection limit (3σ) and the limit of quantitation (10σ) were 0.04 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.13 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. The RSD of intraday and interday precisions were found to be 1.2–1.4% and 1.7–2.7%, respectively. The method was successfully applied in the determination of arbutin in four selected fruits and three commercial whitening cream extracts with the mean recoveries of the added arbutin over the range of 96.2–99.0%. No interference effects from some common excipients used in commercial whitening creams were observed. The method is simple, rapid, selective, accurate, reproducible and relatively inexpensive.     

Bioprospecting traditional Pakistani medicinal plants for potent antioxidants

Antioxidant potential of four methanol extracts from three selected plant species, namely Salvia nubicola (Lamiaceae), Acer oblongifolium (Aceraceae) and Hedera nepalensis (Araliaceae) was measured using assays in aqueous and lipid systems. Antioxidant activities were investigated in aqueous systems by using DPPH radical-scavenging assay, ABTS radical-scavenging assay and DNA protection assay, while antioxidant activity in a lipid system was determined by using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Additionally, the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content. Methanol extracts of leaves and flowers of S. nubicola showed the highest Trolox equivalent (TE) values in the case of the DPPH assay, 2484 ± 4.9 mmol TE/g extract, as well as total phenolic content, 139 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. Three fractions (A-C) of the methanol extract of S. nubicola leaves and flowers were produced by semi-preparative HPLC. Fraction B was found to be the most active in the DPPH radical-scavenging assay and had the highest total phenol content. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS revealed rosmarinic acid in S. nubicola extracts and chlorogenic acid and rutin in H. nepalensis extracts as the main phenolic antioxidants.     

A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay

The antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of 30 Chinese medicinal plants were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. The Chinese medicinal plants were extracted by the traditional method, boiling in water and also in 80% methanol. A significant and linear correlation coefficient between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was found in both aqueous (R² = 0.7917) and methanol (R² = 0.7584) extracts. Phenolic compounds are thus a major contributor of antioxidant activity. Comparing the extraction efficiency of the two methods, the boiling water method extracted phenolic compounds more efficiently, and antioxidant activity of the extract was higher. It was found that the Chinese medicinal plants Rhodiola sacra Fu, the stem of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and the root of P. multiflorum Thunb. possessed the highest antioxidant activities and thus could be potential rich sources of natural antioxidants.     

Antioxidant capacity and phenol content of selected Algerian medicinal plants

Extracts from the bark of Fraxinus angustifolia as well as the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus and Clematis flammula have been investigated for their reducing power, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and scavenging capacity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and H₂O₂ using in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The results indicate that the best overall antioxidant capacity was shown by extracts of Pistacia lentiscus, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Clematis flammula.     

花椒属药用植物研究进展

为探究超微粉碎技术对花椒籽品质特性的影响,本文采用超微粉碎技术制备花椒籽粉,利用粒度仪、分光测色仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段和持水/油力、膨胀力和振实密度等指标,考察了超微粉碎技术及粉体粒径大小对花椒籽粉的基本成分、理化特性和微观形貌的影响。结果表明：超微粉碎技术有助于提高花椒籽粉中可溶性膳食纤维的含量;与普通粉碎相比,超微粉碎处理20 min得到的花椒籽粉粒径可减小至7.69 μm（D₉₀）、比表面积更大、粉体均一性更强;随着粉体粒径的减小,花椒籽粉的L^*、a^*、b^*值逐步增加;同时,粒径的减小使得花椒籽粉的持水/油力明显增加至1.65 g/g和1.16 g/g,膨胀力增加至2.35 mL/g,休止角和滑角增加、振实密度降低;扫描电镜结果显示,随着粉碎时间的延长,粉体纤维束粉碎得更彻底。综上,利用超微粉碎技术可提高花椒籽粉中可溶性膳食纤维的含量,改善花椒籽粉的水合性质和吸水膨胀性,获得粒径更小、粉体均匀度更高的原料,但一定程度上会使花椒籽粉的致密性和流动性变差。

     

Development and application of DNA markers to detect adulteration with Scopolia japonica in the medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea

Food Science and Biotechnology - Atractylodes lancea rhizomes are commonly consumed in east Asia as traditional medical herbs. However, in Korea, because of their morphological similarity, A....