基于非线性干扰观测器的翼伞鲁棒反步跟踪控制

针对干扰条件下的无人翼伞飞行器路径跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器的反馈增益鲁棒反步控制方法.采用二阶跟踪-微分器设计干扰观测器对系统复合干扰进行估计和补偿,设计了反馈增益反步跟踪控制律,通过合理设计增益参数,消除了部分复杂非线性项,避免了虚拟量高阶导数问题,简化了控制器形式.根据Lyapunov理论设计鲁棒反馈补偿项,在保证稳定性的同时提高了系统的鲁棒性.仿真实验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于固定时间扰动观测器的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪控制

针对六自由度小型四旋翼无人机在轨迹跟踪控制过程中,单一控制器构成的控制系统存在外部未知干扰,系统的鲁棒性以及轨迹跟踪精度容易产生较大的波动问题,该文章提出了一种基于固定时间扰动观测器的全闭环控制方案,即针对位置与姿态的双闭环控制;首先利用固定时间理论设计了两个扰动观测器,在固定时间内对扰动做出估计并进行补偿;在此观测器对扰动值的精确估计基础之上,设计了两个具有扰动补偿能力的非线性跟踪控制器;李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了所述方法的有效性;仿真实验中,为对比所述控制方法的有效性,同时采用传统单一控制器构成的无人机控制系统进行对比分析;在无人机质量为m=1.44 kg、环境重力加速度为g=9.8 m/s2以及其他模型参数一致的前提下,进行大量的仿真实验验证了所提出的基于固定时间扰动观测器的扰动补偿控制系统,能够保证小型四旋翼无人机六自由度受到复杂外部干扰时准确估计出外部干扰值,并实现无人机进行高精度轨迹跟踪控制,且轨迹跟踪精度与抗扰性能皆优于传统单一控制器构成的无人机控制系统.     

基于扰动观测器的AUVs固定时间编队控制

考虑含有模型参数不确定及未知海洋扰动的多AUVs协同编队问题,本文提出一种新的控制方法,该方法可保证编队在固定时间内实现.首先,将模型参数不确定及海洋扰动看作复合扰动,设计扰动观测器,实现固定时间内对扰动的精确估计.基于扰动观测器,指令滤波技术、固定时间理论及虚拟轨迹概念,设计编队控制律,实现编队目标,并保证闭环系统中的所有信号是全局固定时间稳定的.最后通过两艘AUV的编队仿真验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于固定时间扰动观测器的水面无人艇精确编队控制

在水面无人艇(USV)编队控制中,控制效果易受系统初始状态和内外部扰动的影响.为此,研究一类具有复杂干扰下的USV编队控制问题,结合固定时间扰动观测器提出一种领航-跟随编队控制方法.首先,提出一种基于固定时间滑模的跟踪控制(FTSM-TC)策略,在固定时间内保证领航艇快速跟踪期望轨迹;然后,为处理内外部未知干扰设计固定时间扰动观测器(FTDO),从而保证在固定时间内对编队系统中的未建模动态和外部复杂干扰进行精确辨识.所提出的基于FTDO的编队控制(FTDO-FC)策略,使编队控制系统在固定时间内收敛并保持稳定的期望队形,仿真结果表明,所设计控制方法能够有效解决存在复杂未知扰动情况下的USV编队控制问题,且收敛时间与系统初始状态无关.     

一阶不确定系统的固定时间收敛扰动观测器

针对一阶不确定系统中集总扰动的快速估计问题,基于误差放大策略和双极限齐次估计理论设计非递归形式的固定时间收敛扰动观测器,并提出利用幂次函数非线性特性削弱输入信号噪声影响的改进方案.误差放大策略是一种特殊的高增益方法,能够实现修正项中幂次函数支配范围的扩张,进一步提升观测器的收敛速度,并简化参数调试过程;合理选择误差放大系数并忽略修正项中的低阶幂次项,能够简化扰动观测器结构并增强对测量噪声的抑制能力.另外,以广义超螺旋算法为基础,构建固定时间收敛鲁棒扰动观测器.最后,在理论证明分析的基础上,针对是否存在测量噪声的两种情况,对所介绍的3种扰动观测器和一种扩张状态观测器进行对比仿真分析,并总结各类扰动观测器的特点和适用性.     

轮式移动机器人固定时间轨迹跟踪控制

针对存在外部干扰的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出一种固定时间轨迹跟踪控制方案.首先,对于轮式移动机器人的运动学误差模型,基于一种新颖的积分滑模面设计固定时间运动学速度控制器,使跟踪误差在固定时间收敛到原点所在的邻域内;其次,对于轮式移动机器人的动力学模型,设计固定时间干扰观测器对外部干扰信息进行估计,提出一种固定时间轨迹跟踪控制器,以确保动力学系统的固定时间稳定性,实现轮式移动机器人的高精度轨迹跟踪控制;最后,通过仿真结果验证所设计的轨迹跟踪控制方案的有效性.     

基于固定时间滑模干扰观测器的AUVs事件触发编队控制

研究多自主水下机器人(AUVs)编队控制过程中存在外部未知扰动、模型参数摄动和节约控制器传输网络能耗的问题,提出一种抗扰动的固定时间相对阈值事件触发编队控制方法.首先,给出自适应固定时间积分滑模干扰观测器(AFISMDO),在固定时间内用来估计系统的复合扰动;其次,基于所设计的AFISMDO,将非线性滤波器引入到反步算...     

基于学习观测器的航天器指定时间跟踪控制

针对一类含有外部扰动和执行器故障的刚体航天器姿态控制系统,提出一种基于自适应学习观测器的指定时间容错控制器的设计方案.首先,系统性地给出一种改进型自适应学习观测器设计方案,基于自适应学习观测器框架,设计航天器姿态系统的学习观测器实现对系统的综合扰动值估计;然后,利用综合扰动的估计信息和滑模控制理论设计指定时间容错跟踪控制器,使得系统的姿态角能够在指定时间跟踪指令信号,系统的收敛时间可通过容错控制器的参数预先设置,且与系统的初始状态值无关;接着,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论验证含有故障的姿态控制系统能够在指定时间内稳定;最后,通过数值仿真,与已有的观测器和有限时间控制方案进行对比,表明所提出方案的有效性和可行性.     

输出受限的不确定非线性系统的自适应固定时间控制

针对具有非对称输出约束和外界干扰的不确定非线性系统,提出自适应固定时间反步控制策略.首先,采用非对称障碍Lyapunov函数处理系统的输出约束问题;其次,通过构造固定时间干扰观测器估计外界干扰,设计自适应固定时间滤波器,解决传统反步控制的“计算爆炸”问题,通过自适应律估计虚拟控制输入导数的未知上界;再次,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明闭环系统在固定时间内有界稳定且输出保持在约束范围内;最后,通过永磁同步电机的仿真验证所设计的控制策略的有效性.     

带状态观测器的船舶路径跟踪预测滑模控制

为解决具有速度不易测量、模型不确定与外界干扰的欠驱动船舶路径跟踪问题,提出一种结合线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)的滑模控制算法.首先对船舶路径进行预测,据此预测值和参考路径值计算路径未来误差,并基于Backstepping算法设计参考艏向角.其次,采用双曲正切函数设计滑模控制器,对艏向进行控制.引入LESO对外界干扰和不确定参数进行逼近,以提高控制器的鲁棒性.并利用非线性观测器和LESO对船舶纵向速度、横向速度以及转艏角速度进行估计,避免速度不易测量问题.最终的仿真结果验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

A nonregressor nonlinear disturbance observer-based adaptive control scheme for an underwater manipulator

A new nonlinear disturbance observer-based tracking control scheme for an underwater manipulator is presented in this paper. This observer overcomes the disadvantages of existing disturbance observers, which are designed or analyzed by the linear system techniques. It can be applied in underwater manipulator systems for various purposes such as payload compensation, interaction effects compensation, underwater current or external disturbance compensation, and independent system control. The performance of the proposed tracking control scheme is demonstrated numerically by the payload compensation and interaction effects compensation for a two degrees of freedom vertical underwater manipulator.     

Sliding mode control of singularly perturbed systems and its application in quad-rotors

This paper presents a sliding mode control scheme for tracking control of nonlinear singularly perturbed systems in the presence of model errors and external disturbances. A dual-loop feedback control is developed to provide accurate tracking capability and sufficient robustness to system uncertainties. A sliding mode controller is proposed in the outer-loop feedback design such that the plant states are stabilised for given reference trajectories, while an additional robust controller is designed in the inner loop to increase the adaptability to uncertainties, and reduce the effect of unmodelled high-frequency dynamics on plant dynamics. An appealing feature of the control scheme is the attenuation of chattering. The effectiveness and merits of the new control scheme developed are shown via a verification example of velocity control of a quad-rotor.     

Robust control approach for input–output linearizable nonlinear systems using high‐gain disturbance observer

This paper addresses a robust control approach for a class of input–output linearizable nonlinear systems with uncertainties and modeling errors considered as unknown inputs. As known, the exact feedback linearization method can be applied to control input–output linearizable nonlinear systems, if all the states are available and modeling errors are negligible. The mentioned two prerequisites denote important problems in the field of classical nonlinear control. The solution approach developed in this contribution is using disturbance rejection by applying feedback of the uncertainties and modeling errors estimated by a specific high‐gain disturbance observer as unknown inputs. At the same time, the nonmeasured states can be calculated from the estimation of the transformed system states. The feasibility and conditions for the application of the approach on mechanical systems are discussed. A nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output mechanical system is taken as a simulation example to illustrate the application. The results show the robustness of the control design and plausible estimations of full‐rank disturbances.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Command‐filtered fixed‐time trajectory tracking control of surface vehicles based on a disturbance observer

In this paper, we investigate trajectory tracking control of surface vehicles with model parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The disturbances due to the wind, waves, and ocean currents are combined with the model parameter uncertainties as a compound disturbance. Then, a disturbance observer (DO) is introduced to estimate the compound disturbance, which can be achieved within a finite time independent of the initial estimation error. Based on the DO and, in the context of command filtered control, a novel fixed‐time backstepping control scheme is developed, by which the vehicle can track the desired trajectory with all the states globally stabilized in a given fixed time. The effectiveness and performance of the method are demonstrated by numerical simulations.     

无人驾驶飞行器姿态的非线性扰动抑制控制

本文研究了无人驾驶飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)的姿态跟踪控制问题.针对在飞行器姿态跟踪时存在的系统模型不确定性和外界扰动,提出了一种基于四元数的姿态跟踪控制方法,基于UAV的姿态误差模型分别设计系统的观测器和控制器.首先,以四元数为姿态参数建立系统的非线性误差模型;在此基础之上,设计一种非线性干扰观测器(nonlinear disturbance observer,NDOB)用以在线估计误差模型中的复合扰动,并在控制输入端进行相应的补偿.然后通过设计非线性广义预测控制律设镇定误差系统,实现姿态跟踪.最后基于频域理论分析了非线性干扰观测器的扰动抑制性能.仿真与实验结果表明本文提出的方法在系统存在复合扰动的情况下能使系统姿态有效的跟踪期望值.     

基于观测器的受扰非线性系统近似最优跟踪控制

研究一类受扰非线性系统的最优输出跟踪控制问题.给出了有限时域最优输出跟踪控制律的近似设计算法.首先将求解受扰非线性系统最优跟踪控制问题转换为求解状态向量与伴随向量耦合的非线性两点边值问题,然后利用逐次逼近方法构造序列将其转化为求解两个解耦的线性微分方程序列问题.通过迭代求解伴随向量的序列,可得到由解析的线性前馈-反馈控制部分和伴随向量的极限形式的非线性补偿部分组成的最优输出跟踪控制律.利用参考输入降维观测器和扰动降维观测器,解决了前馈控制的物理可实现问题.最后仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Fixed‐time adaptive sliding mode trajectory tracking control of uncertain mechanical systems

An adaptive fixed‐time trajectory tracking controller is proposed for uncertain mechanical systems in this study. The polynomial reference trajectory is planned for trajectory tracking error. Fractional power of linear sliding mode is applied to design the nonlinear controller, adaptive laws are used to adjust controller parameters. Trajectory planning and fractional power are combined to ensure the tracking‐error convergence in a fixed time. The boundary layer technique is used to suppress the model uncertainties and decrease the chattering phenomenon. The closed‐loop system stability is proved strictly in the Lyapunov framework to show that the trajectory tracking errors and adaptive parameters tend to zero in a fixed time set in advance. Numerical simulation results of robotic manipulators illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

An observer-based set-point controller for robot manipulators with flexible joints

We present a globally asymptotically stable controller for point-to-point regulation of robot manipulators with flexible joints that uses only position measurement on the motor side. Existing asymptotically stable schemes for the set point regulation problem without velocity measurement address only the rigid robot case. Furthermore, these solutions ensure only local stability provided some bounds on the dynamic part of the robot model are known. Also, they require the injection of high gains into the loop to enlarge the equilibrium domain of attraction. In contrast, our solution is global, applies for robots with flexible joints and assumes only that the gravity forces are known. The underlying rationale of the design is to ‘shape’ the potential energy of the closed loop system so that it has an absolute minimum at the desired equilibrium, and add the required dampingto achieve asymptotic stability. This is attained by adding a (linear) observer that converges to the position required to compensate the gravity forces and injects the damping, and a ‘spring-like’ effect between the observer and the robot that ‘pulls’ the robot to the desired target. This approach to observer-based controller design differs from the classical certainly equivalent approach and effectively exploits the dynamic properties of the physical system.     

Fixed-time dual sliding mode control for linear synchronous motor maglev systems

A dual fixed-time terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to address the problems of magnetic coupling, end effects and unknown disturbances in linear synchronous motor maglev systems, which ensures that the system tracking trajectory achieves fixed-time convergence and high accuracy. First, a fixed-time integral terminal sliding mode surface is designed to obtain the desired dynamic properties and avoid the singularity problem. Second, based on the dynamic sliding mode theory, a second fixed-time terminal sliding mode surface is designed to weaken the chattering problem in the controller by replacing the discontinuous switching signal with a continuous switching rule. The proposed controller is theoretically proved to be fixed-time convergent and the convergence time is independent of the initial conditions by means of the Lyapunov function and the fixed-time convergence theorem. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out on a linear maglev experimental platform. Compared with the fixed-time sliding mode control, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy improves the tracking accuracy by 37.5%, the convergence speed by 33.3%, and the robustness by 42.1%, which has the advantages of fast convergence speed, strong robustness, and weak chattering.     

Output feedback networked control with persistent disturbance attenuation

This paper presents a model-based control approach for output feedback stabilization and disturbance attenuation of continuous time systems that transmit measurements over a limited bandwidth communication network. Necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of the networked system in the presence of persistent external disturbances are given. The results in this paper provide a significant improvement in the performance of the system and provide a considerably reduction of the necessary network bandwidth with respect to similar approaches in the literature.