含噁唑环支链的苯氧型共聚聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯和邻氨基苯酚为原料合成了含苯并噁唑基团的二胺,然后将其与二氨基二苯醚(ODA)和二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)进行常温共聚合成聚酰胺酸,最后采用两步法合成了含苯并噁唑支链的可溶性聚酰亚胺(PI)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)等测试手段分析了该PI的结构、热性能和在各溶剂中的溶解性能。实验结果表明,经300℃热处理1h后,聚酰胺酸转化为酰亚胺化比较完全;引入苯并噁唑支链基团可以提高PI的耐热性,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在300℃左右,初始热分解温度为552.5℃;该PI在强极性溶剂中溶解性能良好,但不溶于一般的极性溶剂中,说明其在提高加工性能的同时仍能保持耐一般溶剂的性能。     

含嗯唑环支链的苯氧型共聚聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯和邻氨基苯酚为原料合成了含苯并嗯唑基团的二胺,然后将其与二氨基二苯醚（ODA）和二苯醚四甲酸二酐（ODPA）进行常温共聚合成聚酰胺酸,最后采用两步法合成了含苯并嗯唑支链的可溶性聚酰亚胺（PI）。采用红外光谱（FT—IR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）等测试手段分析了该PI的结构、热性能和在各溶剂中的溶解性能。实验结果表明,经300℃热处理1h后,聚酰胺酸转化为酰亚胺化比较完全;引入苯并嗯唑支链基团可以提高PI的耐热性,其玻璃化转变温度（L）在300℃左右,初始热分解温度为552．5℃;该PI在强极性溶剂中溶解性能良好,但不溶于一般的极性溶剂中,说明其在提高加工性能的同时仍能保持耐一般溶剂的性能。     

微波辐射合成聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺的研究

在N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,以均苯四甲酸酐和3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四羧酸二酐为二酐单体,4,4’-二氨基二苯醚和4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷为二胺单体,采用微波辐射低温溶液共缩聚,合成了聚酰胺酸(PAA)预聚体,然后亚胺化脱水、环化,生成共缩聚聚酰亚胺(PI)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、特性粘度[η]和热重分析(TG)等对聚合物进行了一系列的结构表征和性能测试。结果表明,微波辐射溶液聚合能够提高PAA的特性粘数及产率,微波的引入大大缩短了反应时间;FT-IR表明,在1 775 cm-1和1 724 cm-1处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰;TG表明,PI的5%热失重温度(Td5%)为477℃,10%热失重温度(Td10%)为553℃。     

BTDA型聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺的微波辐射合成

在微波辐射条件下,将3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)和3,5-二氨苯甲酸(DABA)在少量非极性溶剂N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的存在下进行共缩聚反应,快速而高效地合成了聚酰胺酸(PAA)和聚酰亚胺(PI)。采用特性粘数、红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(1HNMR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征,利用热失重分析(TGA)对其热性能进行了测试,并测定了聚合物在多种溶剂中的溶解性。实验结果表明,微波辐射溶液聚合能够提高PAA的特性粘数及产率,微波的引入大大缩短了反应时间;FT-IR表明,在1779cm-1、1723cm-1、1239cm-1和1378cm-1处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰;TG表明,PI在氮气中10%热失重温度(Td10%)为576℃。     

共缩聚聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺的微波辐射合成研究

在N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,选用3,3,′4,4′-二苯酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)、均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,微波辐射低温溶液缩聚合成一种共缩聚聚酰亚胺的前驱体聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后亚胺化脱水环化生成共缩聚聚酰亚胺(PI)。通过特性黏数([η])、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)对聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试。结果表明,微波辐射溶液聚合能够提高PAA的特性黏数及产率,微波的引入大大缩短了反应时间;IR表明,在1778 cm-1和1723 cm-1处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰;TG表明,PI在氮气中535℃左右开始降解,10%热失重温度(Td10%)为587℃。     

聚酰胺酸的合成及其酰亚胺化研究

采用均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,合成聚酰亚胺的前驱体聚酰胺酸(PAA)。研究了溶剂体系、反应温度、时间、投料比和总固含量等因素对所得聚酰胺酸特性黏度的影响。试制了聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,对其进行了红外光谱分析及力学性能测试。     

聚酰胺酸的制备与亚胺化过程研究

用二酐BTDA与两种二胺单体(ODA、BAPP)在极性溶剂1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,通过共缩聚制备出聚酰胺酸(PAA),并经过热酰亚胺化得到聚酰亚胺(PI)。采用FT-IR和1H-NMR对产物的结构官能团和分子中质子氢进行表征,并利用FT-IR对聚酰胺酸热亚胺化过程进行追踪测试,结果表明,实验制备出了聚酰胺酸且固化工艺对聚酰胺酸亚胺化程度有较大影响。对固化温度和保温时间进行优化改进,确定出最佳固化工艺,并对聚酰胺酸热亚胺化过程的环化机理进行分析。     

聚酰胺酸合成工艺与聚酰亚胺膜制备及表征

聚酰亚胺是一类新型高性能的聚合物材料,是由聚酰胺酸脱水环化而成,因此高分子量的聚酰胺酸是获得高性能PI的前提。探讨了聚酰胺酸合成过程中的影响因素,得出了合成高分子量的聚酰胺酸的最佳工艺条件为:均苯四羧酸二酐与4,4' 二氨基二苯醚摩尔比为1.015～1.020∶1,反应温度20℃,反应时间为3h,聚酰胺酸在N 甲基 2 吡咯烷酮中的特性粘度为0.62dL/g左右。采用热转化法将聚酰胺酸脱水环化制备成均苯型聚酰亚胺膜,通过差示扫描量热法、红外光谱等进行了表征,其玻璃化转变温度为365～385℃,拉伸强度达192.4MPa,表明得到的聚酰亚胺膜具有优良的机械性能。     

含苯并噁唑结构共聚酰亚胺的合成及其性能

联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA)与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)及自制的2,6-二(对氨基苯)苯并[1,2-d;5,4-d']二噁唑(DAPBBO)在二甲基乙酰胺中共聚,然后进行铺膜和热酰亚胺化,得到了含有双苯并噁唑的共聚酰亚胺薄膜,对其结构、热性能、力学性能及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明:杂环单体的引入提高了聚酰亚胺的力学性能,增加了聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度,并且使聚酰亚胺薄膜具有良好的紫外吸收能力。     

新型均苯型芳香族聚酰亚胺的研究

以二步法制备了一种新型均苯型芳香族聚酰亚胺。测定了聚酰亚胺的预聚体———聚酰胺酸特性粘度 (Iv)随反应时间的变化曲线 ,聚酰亚胺在N 甲基 2 吡咯烷酮 (NMP)中的特性粘度在 1.2dL/g左右 ,玻璃化温度高于2 5 0℃ ,在氧气中失重 5 %的温度在 5 0 0℃以上。经红外光谱测定 ,样品在 1780cm-1和 1380cm-1附近观察到聚酰亚胺的特征峰     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.