磁性聚乙烯醇缩丁醛微球固定化α-淀粉酶

制备出磁性聚乙烯醇缩丁醛微球,并用该微球做载体,采用共价交联法固定α 淀粉酶。最佳固定化工艺条件为:pH=6 07,激活和交联时戊二醛的质量分数分别为4%和0 025%。在最佳固定化条件下所制磁性固定化酶的活力为25426 3U/g微球,蛋白载量为187 2mg/g微球,比活为135 8U/mg蛋白,活性回收率为36 9%。磁性固定化酶的理化性质为:磁性固定化酶的最适温度(60℃)比自由酶(50℃)高,最适pH(6 97)与自由酶相同,磁性固定化酶Km(米氏常数)值(5 7×10-4kg/L)较自由酶Km值(5 0×10-4kg/L)大,热稳定性、pH稳定性及操作稳定性均比自由酶有所提高。     

磁性微球的制备及其固定化脂肪酶的研究

将Lipozyme CALB脂肪酶成功地固定于磁性纳米颗粒Fe3O4@SiO_2-p(NIPAM-co-GMA)的表面,研究了固定化过程中给酶量、温度、时间对固载量的影响。此外,稳定性试验表明:固定化脂肪酶的操作稳定性以及热稳定性都有提高。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及其固定化乳糖酶的研究

采用水热法制备得到磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,以壳聚糖、制备的Fe_3O_4为原料,采用乳化交联法成功制备了磁性壳聚糖微球,并通过SEM、FTIR、VSM、XRD对其进行表征。进一步以制备的磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,采用吸附法制备磁性壳聚糖微球固定化乳糖酶。以酶活力为考察指标,研究了不同固定化条件对制备固定化酶的影响,以及固定化酶的酶学性质。结果表明,乳糖酶的最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间4 h,pH为7.0,乳糖酶酶液浓度为0.6 mg/mL,固定化酶相对于游离酶的pH稳定性和温度稳定性均有一定程度的提高,固定化酶重复使用5次后,酶活仍保留65%以上。     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及脂肪酶的固定化

建立了以纳米级磁性粒子为载体固定化脂肪酶的方法,优化了脂肪酶的固定化条件,考察了固定化酶的性质. 制备的磁性载体平均粒径20 nm,具有超顺磁性,分散和再分散效果好. 固定化酶的最适吸附时间为60 min,酶用量:载体量为1:1,固定化酶的酶活达到718 U/g. 结果表明,经纳米磁性粒子固定化后,脂肪酶得到活化,固定化酶比活为游离酶的1.8倍. 同时,固定化脂肪酶的pH稳定性显著提高.     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及其用于甲酸脱氢酶的固定化

分别采用乳化交联法和共沉淀法制备磁性壳聚糖微球载体,并对形貌结构进行比较,结果表明,采用共沉淀法制备的磁性壳聚糖微球负载Fe3O4的效果好,故将其作为载体固定甲酸脱氢酶。最佳固定化条件:添加酶量9 U.g-1,pH=7.0,固定化时间5 h。游离酶和固定化酶的最适宜反应温度分别为50℃和30℃;游离酶的最适宜pH=7.0,固定化酶的最适宜pH=6.0;将游离酶和固定化酶分别置于60℃恒温水浴放置180 min后,游离酶和固定化酶的相对酶活力分别为0.78%和40.39%;将游离酶和固定化酶置于不同pH的缓冲液中保存1 h后,在强酸(pH=2.0)和强碱(pH=10.0)条件下,固定化酶的相对酶活力分别为11.03%和38.43%,游离酶已全部失活;固定化酶重复使用6次后,相对酶活力为73.53%,表明固定化酶具有较好的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性和操作稳定性。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的合成及其在固定化血管紧张素转化酶的应用

以化学共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米粒子为磁核,采用乳化交联法制备磁性壳聚糖微球,并对其形貌、结构和磁饱和强度等性质进行了表征。以磁性壳聚糖微球作为载体,固定化猪肺粗提物中的血管紧张素转化酶,并对固定化条件进行研究。结果表明,固定化血管紧张素转化酶的最佳条件为：pH值为8.3,最佳温度为50 ℃,最佳时间为1.5 h,最佳酶溶液蛋白浓度为6 mg/mL,此时固定化酶活力最高为0.048 U/g微球。与游离酶相比,固定化酶的pH值稳定性和热稳定性均得到提高。固定化酶重复使用10次,仍然保持40%以上相对活力,说明磁性壳聚糖微球是固定化血管紧张素转化酶的良好载体。     

羧基化磁性微球固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶

通过化学共沉淀法结合高锰酸钾氧化制备羧基化Fe_3O_4磁性微球,以该磁性微球作为载体,固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶。利用热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对羧基化磁性微球进行表征,结果表明该磁性微球磁含量约为95.1%,粒径均一,呈近似球形且具有超顺磁性。通过对固定化酶进行傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、VSM和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,确定磁性微球载体与谷氨酸脱羧酶分子间形成酰胺键,实现共价结合且固定化酶前后粒子晶形完整,均具有良好的磁响应能力和超顺磁性。与游离谷氨酸脱羧酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性和酸碱耐受性均有不同程度的提高,且制备的固定化酶重复使用10批后相对酶活力仍大于90%。     

磁性聚胺基微球固定化脂肪酶催化性质

以平均粒径为62.44μm,等电点为9.6的磁性聚胺基微球为载体吸附固定化猪胰腺脂肪酶。结果表明:固定化酶的最适反应pH比自由酶低,最适反应温度比自由酶高,对金属离子和温度具有更好的耐受性。固定化后,脂肪酶动力学米氏常数减小,最大反应速度下降,酶催化反应活化能分别为17.16 kJ/mol(固定化酶)和15.28 kJ/mol(自由酶)。     

磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷

在磁性Fe3O4外包覆一层SiO_2,再在其外包裹壳聚糖制备出磁性硅基壳聚糖微球(MSC),对MSC进行环氧基修饰后用于柚苷酶的固定化研究,并对磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的pH、温度、操作和储藏稳定性进行了考察。通过单因素实验,确定了环氧基修饰的磁性硅基壳聚糖微球(MSCE)固定化柚苷酶的最佳工艺条件为:pH 3.0,温度30℃,时间4 h、给酶量57.48 U/mL。在该条件下,MSCE固定化柚苷酶的载酶率、酶活回收率和酶比活力分别为31.29%、88.92%和409.33 U/g。与游离柚苷酶相比,MSCE固定化柚苷酶用于水解柚皮苷具有良好的pH稳定性和温度稳定性,重复使用7次后仍具有53.36%的相对酶活力,4℃条件贮存30 d后仍具有80.97%的相对酶活力。     

Ag/P(St-MMA)纳米复合高分子微球固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

通过溶剂热法和无皂乳液聚合相结合,制备了P(St-MMA)高分子纳米微球.并以吸附沉积的方式在其表面沉积了Ag金属纳米粒子,最后将青霉素酰化酶共价连接在微球表面.初步研究了微球直径、银的质量分数等因素对固定化酶活力的影响.结果显示随着微球直径减小,固定化酶的偶联率和活力逐渐增加;银纳米粒子最多将固定化酶的偶联率和活力分别提高了42%和72%,固定化酶的最大表观活力(以干重记)达到了1 869 u/g,明显高于其它高分子载体固定化青霉素酰化酶的活力;实验证明银纳米粒子在青霉素水解过程中没有催化活力,但能大大提高青霉素酰化酶的催化活力.     

核壳结构磁性树枝状纤维形有机硅固定化脂肪酶制备及其应用

为了提升脂肪酶的稳定性并构建新型固定化酶催化体系,利用改进的Winsor Ⅲ微乳液双连续相体系合成了超顺磁性Fe₃O₄内核和树枝状纤维形氧化硅外壳的核壳结构磁性有机硅纳米粒子（MMOSNs）,用于固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B（CALB）。优化条件后CALB负载量为177.49 mg/g,比水解活性为27390 U/g。磁性有机硅通过与CLAB分子之间疏水相互作用及表面孔道结构,可有效激活CALB的界面活性并保护活性构象免受破坏,比游离酶和磁性无机硅固定化酶表现出更好的活性和稳定性。除此之外,将CALB@MMOSNs用于催化乙酰丙酸与十二醇的酯化反应最高转化率为85.05%,重复使用9次后仍保留68.94%转化率,而商业化N435只保留29.83%。证明疏水性磁性核壳结构有机硅是固定化CALB的良好载体,可有效扩展脂肪酶的工业应用。     

Lipase Immobilization onto the Surface of PGMA-b-PDMAEMA-grafted Magnetic Nanoparticles Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

A block copolymer of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) via atom transfer radical polymerization. The resultant PGMA-b-PDMAEMA-grafted-Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles with amino and epoxy groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was successfully immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticles by physical adsorption and covalent bonding. The immobilization capacity of the magnetic particles is 0.5 mg lipase per mg support, with an activity recovery of up to 43.1% under the optimum immobilization condition. Biochemical characterization shows that the immobilized lipase exhibits improved thermal stability, good tolerance to organic solvents with high lg P, and higher pH stability than the free lipase at pH 9.0. After six consecutive cycles, the residual activity of the immobilized lipase is still over 55% of its initial activity.     

Covalent immobilization and characterization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase on core-shell cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for biodiesel production

Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized on the surface of silica coated amino modified CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and applied for biodiesel production.The results indicated more affinity of the ROL toward its substrate upon immobilization,as revealed by a lower Km value for the immobilized ROL compared to its free counterpart.Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy indicated a lower intensity for ROL immobilized on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.Besides,immobilized ROL steady state anisotropy measurements presented lower values,which implied assembly of ROL molecules on magnetic nanoparticles upon immobilization as well as their restricted rotation upon covalent attachment.Thermal stability analysis revealed improved activity at higher temperatures for the immobilized enzyme compared to its free counterpart.Accordingly,Pace analysis to determine protein thermal stability revealed preservation of the protein conformation in the presence of increasing temperatures upon immobilization on nanoparticles.Finally,ROL immobilized on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited improved efficiency of biodiesel production in agreement with thermal activity profile.Therefore,the authors suggest application of the lipase mole-cules immobilized on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for more efficient biodiesel production.     

Lipase immobilization on ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles: Ionic liquids controlled esters hydrolysis at oil–water interface

Ester hydrolysis at oil–water interface by lipase covalently immobilized on ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles was investigated. Magnetic supports with a diameter of 10–15 nm were synthesized by covalent binding of ionic liquids (chain length C₄ and C₈ and anions Cl^?, BF₄^?, and PF₆^?) on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Lipase was covalently immobilized on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using ionic liquids as the coupling reagent. Ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticle‐grafted lipase preferentially located at the oil–water interface. It has higher catalytic activity than its native counterpart. A modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to elucidate the effect of stirring rate, aqueous–organic phase ratio, total amount of enzyme, and ester chain length. The influences of these conditions on esters hydrolysis at oil–water interface were consistent with the introduction of the ionic liquids interlayer. Ionic liquids could be used to control the oil–water interfacial characteristics during lipase catalyzed hydrolysis, and thus control the behavior of immobilized lipase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase onto cellulose acetate-coated Fe2O3 nanoparticles for glycerolysis of olive oil

Candida antarctica lipase was covalently immobilized onto the surface of cellulose acetate-coated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The characterizations of immobilized lipase were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The immobilized lipase was assayed for production of monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) by glycerolysis of olive oil in a solvent medium. The effect of various reaction conditions on the MG and DG production such as reaction time, temperature, the molar ratio of glycerol to oil and amount of immobilized lipase was investigated. The optimum condition for MG and DG production was found at 50 °C temperature and 0.025 g of lipase with the molar ratio of glycerol to oil 1.5: 1 in 5 h of reaction time. The effect of substrate concentration on enzymatic activity of the free and immobilized lipase showed the best fits to the Lineweaver-Burk plots. The K _m and V _max values of immobilized lipase were found to be 25mM and 0.58mM/min, whereas that for free lipase was 52.63mM and 1.75mM/min, respectively. The activation and deactivation energy was found to decrease for immobilization of lipase on cellulose acetate-coated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles.     

Facile and high-efficient immobilization of histidine-tagged multimeric protein G on magnetic nanoparticles

This work reports the high-efficient and one-step immobilization of multimeric protein G on magnetic nanoparticles. The histidine-tagged (His-tag) recombinant multimeric protein G was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by the repeated linking of protein G monomers with a flexible linker. High-efficient immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles was demonstrated by two different preparation methods through the amino-silane and chloro-silane functionalization on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Three kinds of multimeric protein G such as His-tag monomer, dimer, and trimer were tested for immobilization efficiency. For these tests, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was employed to determine the amount of immobilized His-tag multimeric protein G. The result showed that the immobilization efficiency of the His-tag multimeric protein G of the monomer, dimer, and trimer was increased with the use of chloro-silane-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the range of 98% to 99%, rather than the use of amino-silane-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the range of 55% to 77%, respectively.     

功能化磁性纳米颗粒固定化脂肪酶研究

用葡萄糖酸对Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面进行修饰,然后用水溶性碳化二亚胺（EDC）作偶联剂,对脂肪酶进行固定化。考察了偶联剂浓度、给酶量和反应时间对脂肪酶固定化过程的影响。结果表明,制备功能化磁性颗粒固定化酶的最佳条件为：偶联剂浓度为12．5mg／mL磷酸缓冲液（PBS）,给酶量为2．5mg／mLPBS,反应时间为24h。固定化脂肪酶表现出优异的热稳定性,60℃时酶活为游离酶的6倍。重复使用10次后,酶促活力依然保持80％以上。     

Synthesis of magnetically modified palygorskite composite for immobilization of Candida sp. 99–125 lipase via adsorption

Magnetically modified palygorskite composites were synthesized withγ-Fe2O3 dispersing on the external surface of clay mineral. The magnetic clay was characterized with Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffrac-tion, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Candida sp. 99–125 lipase was immobilized on magnetic palygorskite composites by physical adsorption with enzyme loading of 41.5 mg·g-1 support and enzyme activity of 2631.6 U·(g support)-1. The immobilized lipase exhibit better thermal and broader pH stability and excellent reusability compared with free lipase.     

新型层状交联酶聚集体的制备条件优化与性质研究

以假丝酵母脂肪酶（Candida sp.lipase）为研究对象,开发了一种新型层状交联酶聚集体。用蛋白或氨基酸对纳米氧化锌粒子进行修饰,继以交联剂交联后作为核芯,酶分子再交联在纳米核表面形成层状结构。实验结果表明牛血清白蛋白（BSA）是纳米氧化锌适宜的修饰剂。并且对纳米芯层状交联酶聚集体（BSA-N-LCLEAs）其他制备条件进行了优化,优化后BSA-N-LCLEAs制备条件为：沉淀剂硫酸铵饱和度为58%,交联剂戊二醛浓度为3.5%,交联温度和时间分别为0℃和2 h。BSA-N-LCLEAs酶活收率较传统CLEAs提高了196.5%。扫描电镜表征表明BSA-N-LCLEAs较传统CLEAs孔道大幅增加。纳米芯层状CLEAs的pH稳定性和热稳定性也都比传统CLEAs有所提高,并将该固定化酶用于催化维生素E琥珀酸酯的合成,反应五批次后反应产率还能达90%左右,说明该新型交联酶聚集体具有良好的催化活性和操作稳定性。