板坯连铸机结晶器钢液卷渣的水模型研究

针对安钢超低头板坯连铸机结晶器液面卷渣现象 ,用 0 6∶1 0水模型 ,研究了水口浸入深度 30mm、6 0mm和 110mm时 ,铸坯拉速 1 0～ 0 7m min、水流量 2 6 2 4～ 18 4m3 min范围内水口浸入深度、拉速对结晶器内钢液卷渣程度的影响。提出卷渣指数J =V·h (t·H) ,式中V 拉速 ;h 1 10大波值 ;t 开始卷渣时间 ;H 水口浸入深度。结果得出 ,为防止安钢板坯结晶器液面卷渣 ,当水口浸入深度为 110mm时 ,拉速应≤0 90m min ;浸入深度 6 0mm时 ,拉速应≤ 0 85m min ;J应 <1 37× 10 - 2 mm s2 。     

拉速对结晶器内钢液流动状态的影响

对方坯结晶器直通型水口进行物理模拟,研究了浸入式水口拉速对结晶器的液面波动、液面卷渣以及夹杂物去除情况的影响。对各种工艺参数进行综合分析,选择合理的拉速,对结晶器内钢液流动状态进行优化。实验结果表明,将浸入式水口拉速控制在2.5～3.0m/min左右时,在实验中的各插入深度下,结晶器的液面波动较小,液面无明显卷渣现象,夹杂物去除效果较好,可提高生产效率,获得质量较好的铸坯。     

板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣及其影响因素的研究

对板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣进行的水力学模拟研究结果表明,主要有三种类型的卷渣,即窄边附近的剪切卷渣、浸入式水口附近的旋涡卷渣和水口吹入的氩气泡上浮冲击钢渣界面引起的卷渣.拉速增加、减少浸入式水口浸入深度、减小水口出口倾角和增加吹入的Ar流量均会加大表面流速和液面波动,增大结晶器内卷渣的倾向,而其中拉速增加对卷渣的影响最大.当结晶器宽度为1 900 mm、采用1.4 m/min的拉速时,选择向下25°的水口出口角度、250 mm的水口浸入深度和10 L/min的Ar流量可将板坯结晶器内流场的表面流速和液面波动控制在合理的范围内,从而减小和避免结晶器内卷渣.     

基于数值模拟的结晶器卷渣在线预测方法

 结晶器保护渣卷入到钢液中后容易被生长的凝固坯壳捕获,最终在冷轧板上形成由卷渣引起的表面缺陷,会严重恶化钢产品的质量。结晶器液面卷渣现象受到钢液成分、温度、流动方式和吹氩流量的影响。结晶器表面钢液流速大小是反映钢渣界面是否发生卷渣的重要参数,但在实际浇铸过程中,不能在线预测不同拉速、吹氩流量和水口浸入深度下结晶器表面钢液的最大速度。提出一种基于板坯连铸结晶器内多相流动数值模拟的结晶器卷渣在线预测方法。首先,建立结晶器内三维多相流动数学模型,模拟不同拉速、吹氩流量和水口浸入深度下的钢液流动行为;其次,对计算得到的表面钢液流速的最大值进行拟合,得到固定浇铸断面下结晶器表面最大流速的预测公式;最后,通过某钢厂的插钉板工业试验验证了所提方法的准确性。研究发现,不同浇铸参数下表面钢液流速沿结晶器宽度方向呈现先增加再减小的变化趋势,在结晶器宽度1/4位置具有最大值。钢液流速在较小和较大拉速下分别在窄面和水口附近具有较大值;在较小和较大吹氩流量下分别在水口和窄面附近具有较大值;随着水口浸入深度增加,钢液流速在水口和窄面附近变化较小。基于拟合的钢液流速公式,通过比较最大钢液流速与钢渣界面发生卷渣的临界流速,实现了结晶器卷渣的在线预报。     

连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面波动及卷渣行为的实验研究

连铸结晶器钢/渣界面时常发生卷渣现象,严重影响连铸坯质量.本文通过水模型实验研究了吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度对钢/渣界面波动及卷渣现象的影响.利用波高仪采集液面的波动数据,采用高速摄像机捕捉钢/渣界面卷渣时的瞬时图像,重现了剪切卷渣、漩涡卷渣、大气泡卷渣及抽吸卷渣现象.结果表明:随着吹氩量的增大,结晶器液面波动加剧,适当的吹氩量有利于抑制卷渣,本实验中0.8 L/min吹氩量下的卷渣频率最低;随着水口浸入深度的增加,液面波动程度和卷渣频率均呈降低趋势;随着拉速增大,水口附近的波动先减小后增大,窄边附近的波动逐渐增强,卷渣频率逐渐增大.     

中薄板坯连铸结晶器钢/渣界面行为数值模拟

利用VOF（volume of fluid）方法和Lagrangian离散模型模拟了厚度为135mm中薄板坯连铸结晶器内的钢液流动及钢／渣界面波动行为,分析了结晶器宽度、水口浸入深度、水口侧孔倾角、拉速和吹氩对结晶器内钢液流动和液面波动的影响规律．结果表明：钢液从三孔浸入式水口流入结晶器后形成上、下三个回流区;吹氩使结晶器上回流区靠近水口附近形成二次涡流;在一定拉速下,增加水口侧孔倾角和浸入深度均能有效抑制钢／渣界面波动;增加拉速和在一定拉速下增加结晶器宽度均将加剧液面波动．     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的水模型研究

以某厂宽板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,采用1∶1水模型进行实验,研究了拉速、浸入深度、水口倾角、水口出口面积等工艺参数对结晶器内流场和液面波动的影响,以优化工艺参数,为在实际生产中减少卷渣提供依据.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度、拉速的增加,液面波动明显增大;采用较大的水口出口面积和浸入深度,可以抑制液面波动,避免卷渣.     

拉速对小方坯结晶器液面波动影响的数值模拟

利用流体力学软件Fluent建立180 mm×180 mm铸坯结晶器内"钢-渣"两相流模型,对结晶器液面波动行为进行数值模拟,研究浸入式水口自结晶器中心位置偏离量(0~30 mm)和拉速(2.0~3.0 m/min)对结晶器液面波动行为的影响。发现在相同浸入式水口偏离量下增加拉速,钢液面波动的整体趋势增加,且偏移量与拉速越大,液面波动增幅越大;低拉速时,波谷出现在水口边缘,水口周围剧烈波动;高拉速时,波谷出现在结晶器右壁面,使得钢液液面波动加剧,容易产生卷渣。     

浸入式水口结构对180 mm×240 mm断面连铸结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响

为改善国内某钢厂高碳硬线钢铸坯的内部质量,以实际180 mm×240 mm方坯连铸结晶器为原型,基于相似原理,采用1∶1的物理模型,对比研究了直通型和侧分旋流型水口浇铸条件下的结晶器内流体流动行为。试验测定了不同拉速和水口浸入深度下结晶器内钢液的流股分布、液面波动及渣层状态。结果表明:旋流水口可有效降低流股冲击深度;相同水口浸入深度和拉速条件下,使用旋流水口的结晶器液面平均波高大于直通型水口;拉速和浸入深度对旋流型水口的液面波动影响明显,渣层波动也比直通型水口频繁。综合液面波动和渣层状态并考虑成本因素,旋流水口更适合浇铸该断面高品质铸坯,其适宜的工艺参数为拉速1.0 m/min、浸入深度120 mm,此时自由液面平均波高0.18 mm,渣层波动适宜,无卷渣和裸钢现象发生。将该水口配合结晶器电磁搅拌和二冷工艺应用于高碳硬线钢生产,得到的铸坯质量稳定,Φ5.5 mm盘条中心碳偏析不大于2.0级的比例达95%以上,疏松缩孔不大于0.5级的比例达100%。     

IF钢热轧板卷渣缺陷形成原因及控制措施

针对210-2250线IF钢绕组板卷渣缺陷形成原因进行了系统调查研究,结果表明板坯在连铸浇注过程中结晶器窄面液位波动造成保护渣卷入是此类缺陷发生的主要原因,通过增加浸入式水口插入深度,优化浸入式水口结果、优化保护渣性能、降低拉速等、能有效避免结晶器窄面保护渣卷入、工业实践表明、工艺调整后IF钢热轧板卷渣缺陷发生率明显降低。     

Role of clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in human bone-marrow cells in vivo and in cultured lymphocytes in vitro

Bone-marrow chromosomes were examined from 38 mentally and physically retarded and two psychiatric patients who were being treated with a variety of neuropharmacologic drugs. Twenty of these patients used clozapine (Leponex). The clastogenic effects of clozapine in vitro were studied in the lymphocyte cultures of three patients--one free of hematologic disease and two who 6 months earlier had had agranulocytosis attributed to the use of clozapine. The mean frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone-marrow cells of patients who used clozapine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The two patients who had had agranulocytosis had a greater frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in their cultured lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro than the patient free of hematologic disease. A clone with a 13/14 chromosome translocation was detected in one of the patients. As all patients received a number of drugs during the in vivo and in vitro studies no definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the role played by clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Regional differences in suicide in Hungary in the light of registered cases of depression

Author made a revision on the theory published by Rihmer and alii in the year 1989. According to this theory the marked regional differences of suicide in Hungary are caused by the different discovery of the "endogen depression" (rate of diagnosed depression). So the lower is the diagnosis of depression the higher is the suicide rate in a given territory. They have seen a negative correlation between the number of working physicians and the suicide rates. Author made a reexamination on a correct database between 1985-1994. He has also made a study using the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria in four counties of Hungary. His results deny the theory above mentioned. The rank-correlation of the number of GP and the suicide rates in Hungary in years 1985-1994 did not show correlation. So the underdiagnosis of the depressive disorders and the different number of GP are not the cause of the regional differences of suicide in Hungary.     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 microg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35+/-0.04 to 0.14+/-0.02 mm2/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2+/-1.8 mm2 as compared with 41.8+/-4.2 mm2 in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7+/-0.1 mm as compared with 1.5+/-0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19+/-0.02 in controls to 0.03+/-0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/ kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31+/-0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07+/-0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models.     

Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in rabbits

High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4 weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4 weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and 12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV in these two types of hypertension.     

Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in prophylaxis of postoperative complications in urology

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were comparatively estimated in the treatment of 104 urologic patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in 36 urologic patients for prophylaxis of inflammatory complications after surgical interventions. The majority of the urinary tract pathogens i.e. Enterobacteriaceae spp. and gramnegative nonfermenting bacteria were highly susceptible to both the fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin amounted to 94.4 and 80.7 per cent and those of ofloxacin to 92 and 79.2 per cent respectively. The prophylactic use of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin was efficient in 94.7 and 94.1 per cent of the cases respectively. The antibacterial prophylaxis in urologic patients should be applied not only at the period of surgical interventions but also during the early postoperative period.     

PLC在高炉汽动式鼓风机监控系统的应用

鞍钢高炉15号鼓风机是VASi-9018型轴流式汽轮压缩机，通过技术改造，采用先进的电子控制技术，建成了全新的具有现代化水平的汽轮压缩机控制系统。     

Role of signal peptides in targeting of proteins in cyanobacteria

Proteins of cyanobacteria may be transported across one of two membrane systems: the typical eubacterial cell envelope (consisting of an inner membrane, periplasmic space, and an outer membrane) and the photosynthetic thylakoids. To investigate the role of signal peptides in targeting in cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was transformed with vectors carrying the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene fused to coding sequences for one of four different signal peptides. These included signal peptides of two proteins of periplasmic space origin (one from Escherichia coli and the other from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942) and two other signal peptides of proteins located in the thylakoid lumen (one from a cyanobacterium and the other from a higher plant). The location of the gene fusion products expressed in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was determined by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of subcellular fractions. The distribution pattern for gene fusions with periplasmic signal peptides was different from that of gene fusions with thylakoid lumen signal peptides. Primary sequence analysis revealed conserved features in the thylakoid lumen signal peptides that were absent from the periplasmic signal peptides. These results suggest the importance of the signal peptide in protein targeting in cyanobacteria and point to the presence of signal peptide features conserved between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria for targeting of proteins to the thylakoid lumen.