Consumer awareness and acceptance of irradiated foods: Results of a survey conducted on Turkish consumers

Consumer awareness and acceptance, and influence of benefit statements and price on acceptance of irradiated foods were investigated in Turkey. Consumer awareness of food irradiation was very low (29%). Majority of consumers (80%) were uncertain about the safety of irradiated foods. Only 11% expressed irradiated foods are safe. Level of positive attitude towards irradiated foods increased substantially (62%) upon hearing a benefit statement of food irradiation. Purchase intent of irradiated foods was highest (44%) when price is same as unirradiated foods, but significant proportion of consumers indicated to pay 5% premium price for irradiated foods. A successful market for irradiated foods can be achieved by educating consumers with the benefit and uses of irradiation process.     

Application of a written scenario to evoke a consumption context in a laboratory setting: Effects on hedonic ratings

Consumer hedonic testing of products is typically conducted under controlled sensory laboratory conditions. This setting does not accurately represent how food and drink are consumed. Literature demonstrates that consumer hedonic ratings elicited in the natural consumption context differ to those elicited under controlled conditions. This suggests that when removing a product from its natural consumption context, accurate hedonic ratings may not be obtained. The interest of this research was to develop an approach that evokes a consumption context in the sensory laboratory and study its impact on hedonic ratings. A written scenario was developed that was effective at making participants imagine an occasion when they desired a refreshing beverage. Consumer hedonic ratings of four apple juice samples elicited using the evoked consumption context (context condition) were compared to those elicited in a control condition (i.e., no evoked context). Differences in mean hedonic ratings of the samples were observed between the two conditions with greater sample discrimination observed for the evoked context condition. Consumers using the evoked context found it easy to indicate their product liking/disliking, and felt that the liking information they provided was accurate, more so than consumers in the control setting. Sensory practitioners need to be aware of the potential use of an evoked context in a control setting for eliciting product hedonic ratings, and understand its impact on mean hedonic ratings.     

食品安全检验量值溯源体系的构建

测量结果的计量溯源性对于保障食品安全检验结果的有效性至关重要.作者从食品安全检验量值溯源体系的建立入手,按不同溯源的因素对检验结果有效性的贡献进行评估,建立适当的控制级别,提出了食品理化、微生物和分子生物学领域的量值溯源体系模型,根据该体系模型,对食品安全检验实验室常见检验参数(项目)和方法标准中的重要溯源的因素,如标...     

Relationships Between Food Preferences and Food Acceptance Ratings

A study was conducted to assess relationships between food preference ratings and food acceptability ratings. Acceptability ratings for each of two discriminably different samples of nine food items were obtained using the 9-point hedonic scale. Regression analysis indicated that no linear relationship existed between these ratings and either hedonic or frequency preference ratings of the foods. In addition, the range of acceptability ratings was smaller than the range of corresponding’preference ratings. Panelists’expressed preferences had no effect on their assignment of differential acceptance ratings to different samples of the items. Correlations between preference ratings of laboratory panelists and military field panelists were good, in spite of higher absolute preference ratings assigned by the laboratory panel.     

Old Product in a New Context: Importance of the Type of Dish for the Acceptance of Grünkern, a Spelt-Based Traditional Cereal

Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of an unfamiliar cereal, Grünkern — Spelt that has been harvested while the grain is still green, and dried with smoke — were examined. A laboratory panel ratedGrünkern the most similar with boiled wheat and the least similar with white rice. Consumer acceptance was tested young (mean age 25 y) Finnish subjects (n=41). The samples were presented as cooked grains (‘starches’) and as a soup (Grünkern Suppe), and they were compared with similar foods that were familiar to the subjects (dark rice and leek-potato soup, respectively). The subjects rated the pleasantness of appearance, texture and flavour of the samples. Half of the subjects were given information about the samples before evaluation while the others rated the samples uninformed. The subjects' degree of food neophobia (FNS) was determined. Overall, information and FNS did not affect the ratings of pleasantness of starches while both variables affected ratings of both soups, either by increasing them (information) or by decreasing pleasantness ratings of texture and flavour (neophobia). Furthermore, neophilic subjects considered the texture and flavour of unfamiliar soups more pleasant than neophobic subjects. The data suggest that the form in which a new product is served has a major impact on responses to an unfamiliar food.     

The effects of contextual variables on food acceptability: A confirmatory study

Consumer acceptance of food and beverage was measured in three different settings/locations: a central location test in a laboratory facility, a central location test at one unit of a national chain restaurant and a customer satisfaction survey at the same chain restaurant in multiple cities. Two main dishes (lasagna, cannelloni), salad, breadsticks and iced tea were served either as individual items or as part of a meal. Meal context and the consumer’s ability to choose had the strongest positive effects on acceptance ratings, while social interaction and enhanced environment had no noticeable effects on the acceptability scores. There were significant age and gender effects in the two restaurant settings, but not in the laboratory central location test. The results of this study confirm some of the results of King et al. (2004) [King, S., Weber, A., Meiselman H., & Lv, N. (2004). The effect of meal situation, social interaction, physical environment and choice on food acceptability. Food Quality and Preference, 15, 645–653] on the enhancing effects of context variables on product acceptance, and on how the relationship between context effect and consumer acceptance may not be consistent within and across meal components.     

食品安全领域快速检测仪器的应用现状与展望

食品安全是世界各国关注的焦点问题。快速检测仪器以其简便、快速、高效、经济的特点,较好地满足了食品快速初筛检测的需求,在食品安全监测中发挥了重要作用。本文将快速检测仪器分为实验室、在线和现场速测三大类,通过对免疫法、酶抑制法、生物传感器、PCR技术等与快检仪器相应的快检方法与技术的阐述,综述了快速检测仪器在食品安全检测中的应用及其研究进展,展望了我国食品安全领域快速检测仪器的发展方向。     

试论食品微生物实验室的规范化管理

潮州市庵埠食品工业卫生检验所食品微生物实验室一直从事食品卫生检测工作,目前已通过国家实验室认可委认证.为了规范实验室管理工作,我所有针对性地从7个基本管理方面入手,促进了实验室管理工作科学化,提高了实验室的检测能力和技术水平.     

Influences of table setting and eating location on food acceptance and intake

This study aimed to determine whether there is an interaction between “small” (i.e., table setting) and “large” (i.e., eating location) scales of the eating environments in affecting food acceptance and consumption. An identical roast chicken was presented at three table-setting conditions: plastic tray (PT), home-style table (HT), and gourmet table (GT) settings both in sensory testing booths and realistic contexts (e.g., classroom for PT, home-style dining room for HT, and restaurant for GT). Participants favored the appearance of food served at a gourmet table setting located in a restaurant setting significantly more than in a sensory testing booth. The participants were more willing to eat the food served using a gourmet table setting in the restaurant setting than in the sensory testing booth, leading to a significant increase in their food consumption. In addition, participants consumed food more slowly and perceived themselves to be less hungry when they ate in realistic contexts rather than in sensory testing booths. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that food acceptance and intake can vary according to whether the small (table setting) and large (eating location) scales of the eating environments are well-matched or not.     

Global harmonization of food safety regulations: perspectives from Japan after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Japanese food self‐sufficiency was only 39% on the basis of kcal in 2012, so Japan relies heavily on imported food. Hence the necessity of having international rules on the regulation of food contaminants is important especially for countries like Japan that depend on food imports. A One‐Stop‐Testing system is desired, in which the test result obtained from a single testing laboratory is accepted as valid worldwide. To establish this system, laboratory accreditation under international standards is a necessary step. Furthermore, the importance of supply of reference materials for internal quality control and proficiency testing for external quality control of each laboratory's analytical system is reviewed in connection with the experience of radioactive nuclide contamination resulting from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Magnitude Estimation of Food Acceptance

A printed list of 50 various food items was evaluated to determine foods most favored by 236 enlisted Army personnel. Three groups, based on intergroup comparability, were formed to test several measurement procedures to determine which technique best evaluated overall food acceptance. Two variations of magnitude estimation procedures were compared to the standard nine-point category ratings. The category ratings and variations of magnitude estimation results were highly related. Benefits concerning the choice of method depend on the extent or magnitude of sensory information required.     

Flavor principle as an implicit frame: Its effect on the acceptance of instant noodles in a cross-cultural context

This study investigated how the stability of liking ratings for instant noodles can be affected by implicit frames of reference constructed by flavor principles, unique combinations of flavor ingredients that can be identified as characterizing a particular ethnic/cultural cuisine, in a cross-cultural context. The influence of consumers’ food neophobia on the liking of noodles was studied as well. Koreans (n = 263) and Chinese (n = 258) residing in South Korea participated. Products with the highest market share in China (T_CHN) and Korea (T_KOR) were chosen as the targets. The implicit frame of reference applied during the sample evaluation was manipulated by exposing consumers to instant noodles composed of a particular “ethnic flavor principle” before tasting the two target samples. Consumers were split into five groups and were allocated to one of the three flavor principle frame conditions or one of the two controlled conditions. Consumers in the Asian frame were exposed to three noodles popular in Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan. Three Chinese and three Korean noodles were served in the Chinese and Korean frames, respectively. Two groups of consumers within each country served as controls and tasted a single sample of either T_CHN or T_KOR. Consumers rated how much they liked the samples. Consumer’s food neophobia was measured. Consumers searched for a contextual flavor consistent with the conditioned frame of reference when they were evaluating the target samples under their own country's flavor principle and tended to give lower liking scores for foreign target samples than for other samples. However, when the frame of reference was constructed with a foreign flavor principle, the degree of familiarity with the target sample positively influenced its liking score. Food neophobic attitudes influenced the liking of unfamiliar samples. Moreover, consumers’ food neophobia scores were affected by type of implicit flavor principle frame.     

散料抽样理论在大米验收中的应用

介绍了以某食品生产商（B）对某粮食储备公司（A）生产的大米进行验收检验的过程。①当确定以平均值为质量指标的验收抽样检验时,对交付批抽取份样、制备集样及试样。②通过单次测量得到的观测值,在生产方风险α=0．05,使用方风险β=0．10,可接受质量水平μ0=15．0％,极限质量水平μ1=15．3％的条件下,计算得到批平均质量水平x=14．78;检验精度Sz=0．08及单侧规范限μ0＋1．645S／√n1=15．13。③利用格拉布斯法及常规控制图检验观测值的稳定性。④最终判断该批通过验收检验。     

食品检验检测使用浓缩仪的评价验收

食品检验检测实验室在使用溶剂浓缩仪开展实验、检测等活动之前应对其性能指标进行确认。针对旋转蒸发类和氮吹类溶剂浓缩仪的评价验收可分为两方面内容：其一,溶剂浓缩仪的评价。包括仪器工作条件的审核,仪器外观要求,仪器功能评价,仪器的标志、包装、文件、运输、储存,相关质量保证及售后服务等内容,这部分评价方法可参考国家相关标准进行判定。其二,溶剂浓缩仪的质量验证和验收。可采用乙腈和正己烷作溶剂对上述两类溶剂浓缩仪分别进行平行性性能测试。对已有国家标准及行业标准中相关仪器的试验条件进行统计以确认仪器测试条件,通过测试浓缩时间及浓缩时间相应的置信区间,两种溶剂得出的浓缩时间的置信区间分别在0.43～3.38和0.93～5.41之间。该置信区间可作为不同样品浓缩仪平行性合格与否的依据,从而判定溶剂浓缩仪的优劣。完成实验室溶剂浓缩仪的评价验收有助于实验室质量体系的完备,提高实验室日常检测的可靠性。     

实验室的质量控制管理体系分析

加强实验室质量控制管理体系的建设, 对于检验业务的开展及满足社会多元化的需求具有积极而重要的意义。通过体系的有效运行, 可全面控制影响食品检测数据的诸多因素, 从而进一步提高实验室食品检测的质量水平, 为食品消费者提供坚强的技术保证。因此需要加强实验室质量管理, 为相关检验检测机构提供参考。本文主要从人员、仪器设备、标准物质、内部比对等内部质量控制方面和实验室间的比对, 能力验证, 测量审核等外部质量控制方面详细地解析实验室质量控制的全过程, 同时借鉴了一些实验室的实例, 并对实验室质量控制管理现实中存在的不足进行了分析。通过以上几个方面建立健全完善的实验室质量控制管理体系, 提高实验室的检测质量, 减少并避免检验事故的发生, 使检测结果更科学、更准确、更全面、更可靠。     

食品检测实验室内部质量控制技术

随着食品安全相关法律法规的不断完善, 监管认证条例对从事食品检测的实验室在考核评审中不断提出新的要求, 加上食品行政管理部门提出的检测项目数量和难度逐年增加, 要保证检测数据的准确, 实验室管理水平也需不断提升。本文根据工作实际, 从标准物质监控, 实验室内部比对, 加标回收3个方面进行阐述, 分析了实验室人员对检测质量进行自我控制的过程, 从而确保对检测数据结果的有效控制。保证分析测试的误差控制在允许的范围内, 使分析数据在给定的置信水平内能达到要求的质量, 并对检测过程中存在的问题提出改进的措施, 为食品检测实验室的质量控制提供借鉴指导。     

实验室认可对食品检测实验室能力要求的 框架分析

随着经济发展,我国愈发关注食品安全问题,食品安全已被提升到国家战略高度。我国对食品检测实验室的要求也随之逐步提高,加之食品检测过程复杂、技术专业、涉及学科广泛,必然对实验室的能力要求更加严格。本文介绍了我国食品检测机构资质认定的发展路径和适应国际要求开展实验室认可的情况,着重对最新发布的ISO/IEC 17025:2017《检测和校准实验室能力通用要求》中关于结构、资源、过程和管理体系等要求的26个主要要素有关食品检测实验室部分进行了框架分析,关注其更新变化情况,以期对食品检测实验室建立并运行食品安全与质量检测管理体系有所帮助。     

The development of a perceived satiety index for military rations

Studies were conducted to index the perceived satiety value of a variety of military ration items, to assess the relationship of the food's nutrient composition, physical, and sensory properties to satiety, and to determine the ability of the sum of the satiety indices for individual meal components to predict total meal satiety.

Equicaloric 300 kcal portions of 17 common military ration items and two commercial food items were tested. Satiety measures were obtained before consumption, immediately after consumption and every 15 min thereafter for 1 h. Ratings of acceptability and sensory attributes (sweet, salty, chewy, moist, dense, fatty/oily/creamy) were also obtained. The area under the 75-min response curve (AUC) was used to quantify the overall satiety responses to each item. A satiety index (SI) was calculated by dividing the mean AUC for each food item by the mean AUC for a reference food. Significant differences were found in perceived satiety among the nineteen food items. The mean AUC was greatest for oatmeal, which was 4.78 times higher than the lowest AUC. A stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of individual food characteristics (macronutrient content, weight in grams, and volume), initial satiety level, sensory attributes, and liking to overall satiety. The obtained model revealed four variables that contributed significantly to perceived satiety: initial satiety, fat and protein content, and the perception of fatty/oily/creamy. Higher initial satiety (fullness) and higher fat content were associated with lower perceived satiety, while higher protein content and higher fatty/oily/creamy ratings were associated with greater satiety. A regression analysis to determine whether the sum of individual item satiety scores (AUCs), adjusted for serving size, could be used to predict the overall satiety of a meal resulted in a predictive equation with an R²_Adj of 0.54. The intercept of the equation was close to zero and the slope (0.69) was interpreted as representing a correction factor for the diminishing growth of perceived satiety as a function of increasing kilocalories.

Overall, the data show that it is possible to index the perceived satiety value of individual ration components and meals, and that by developing a better understanding of the influence of the nutrient composition, physical, and sensory properties of a food on perceived satiety, it may be possible to develop or select ration components that produce lower levels of perceived satiety and which, in turn, may lead to increased consumption under field conditions.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法在食品中重金属检测中的应用

重金属元素是食品安全领域重要的检测项目,目前,用于检测重金属的仪器主要有原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)等。ICP-MS具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高、精密度好、检出限低、可同时分析多种元素等优点,广泛应用于医学、生物学、食品安全等多种领域。本文综述了近年来电感耦合等离子质谱法在食用油、面制品、乳及乳制品、水产品、果蔬及其他食品检测中的应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望,以期为ICP-MS技术测定食品中重金属的检测发展提供一定的参考价值。     

加拿大微生物监控计划分析

加拿大被誉为全球食品卫生和检验最严格的国家之一,其食品国家微生物监控计划及运作模式也值得各国借鉴。2012/2013财年,加拿大国家微生物监控计划共对4980份国产和进口食品样品进行了微生物抽样检测,以确保食品符合加拿大的标准。其中国内食品抽样3469份,进行了8328项检测;进口食品抽样1511份,进行了4909项检测。结果表明,国产食品和进口食品的合格率分别为99.5%和99.0%,整体合格率为99.4%。整体来看,所有商品的合格率很高(大于99%)。本文结合加拿大食品检验署发布的2012/2013财政年度的国家微生物监控计划报告及相关的监控指南,对加拿大的微生物监控计划的产品类型、项目及实施进行深入地分析,提炼出值得借鉴的方面,以期给我国政府部门及相关从业人员从政策层面提供更多的信息和借鉴。