黄麻基活性炭纤维的制备及其吸附性能

以黄麻纤维为原料,采用磷酸为活化剂制备出一系列不同的黄麻基活性炭纤维。采用正交试验法研究影响活性炭纤维得率和吸附性能的主要因素(活化剂浓度、活化温度、活化时间),确立最佳制备工艺,即在磷酸浓度为4 mol/L,活化温度为450℃,活化时间为1 h的条件下,所制得的黄麻基活性炭纤维得率为43.67%,碘吸附值为1 221.13 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为360.14 mg/g。同时用扫描电镜观察黄麻基活性炭纤维的微观形貌。     

玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭的研究

利用玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭,比较了磷酸、氯化锌及氢氧化钾作活性剂的试验结果。选择氯化锌作为活化剂,氯化锌活化玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭的较佳试验条件为:活化温度800℃、氯化锌溶液质量浓度200g/L、活化时间1h,活性炭的得率为27.81%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为15.0mL,脱色力与外购活性炭基本相当。     

高品质杏核壳活性炭制备工艺

以杏核为原料,以亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值为指标,研究活化温度、活化时间、固液比在高品质杏核壳活性炭制备的影响,通过响应面分析,确定最佳的制备工艺为:活化温度600℃,活化时间90 min,固液比为1∶3(g∶mL),氯化锌质量浓度为50 g/dL,微波功率为700W,微波辐射时间为7 min。     

磷酸活化脱墨渣制备中孔活性炭研究

以废纸脱墨渣(污泥)为原料,通过磷酸活化法制备中孔活性炭,以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为考察指标,研究了活化时间、活化温度、浸渍比及磷酸浓度等对活性炭吸附性能的影响。得到的最佳制备条件为:活化时间90 min,活化温度450℃,浸渍比1∶3.5,磷酸浓度70%。此条件下脱墨渣活性炭得率为54.57%,得到的脱墨渣活性炭碘吸附值为421.98 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为10.97 mL/g,比表面积、总孔容和中孔率分别达715.576 m~2/g、0.353 mL/g和97.45%。磷酸活化法制备的脱墨渣活性炭比表面积较大,中孔发达。红外光谱、扫描电镜及X射线衍射表征表明,脱墨渣活性炭表面含有大量羟基等多种官能团;脱墨渣活性炭的晶化程度较大,微晶不规则,孔隙结构稳固。以脱墨渣为原料采用磷酸活化技术可成功制备出中孔活性炭。     

稻壳基活性炭的焦磷酸活化制备及其吸附特性

以焦磷酸为活化剂制备稻壳基活性炭,并考察了其吸附特性。结果表明,制备稻壳基活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:浸渍时间3h,剂料比0.6,活化温度450℃,活化时间90min。在此条件下,稻壳基活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为235.4mg/g。苯酚在稻壳基活性炭上的吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温线和拟二级动力学模型。热力学分析表明,该吸附过程为自发进行的多层吸附,且以化学吸附为主。     

微波加热法制备黄麻皮活性炭的吸附性能研究

以黄麻皮为原料,磷酸为活化剂,采用微波加热法制备出了一系列不同的黄麻皮活性炭.采用正交试验法研究影响黄麻皮吸附性能的主要因素(磷酸浓度、微波功率、活化时间),确立最佳制备工艺,即在磷酸浓度为4mol/L,微波功率为539 w,活化时间为20 min的条件下,所制得的黄麻皮活性炭碘吸附值为958.54mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为247.3mg/g.     

白酒丢糟制备活性炭的技术研究

以白酒丢糟为原料制备活性炭。采用响应面分析法对NaOH溶液预处理去除丢糟蛋白的工艺参数进行优化,确定最佳预处理条件为:碱液浓度2.5 mol/L,碱煮时间2 h,固液比1∶4,此时蛋白残留量为1.116%。采用ZnCl2活化后高温煅烧法制备活性炭,得出最佳制备条件为:ZnCl2质量浓度50%,料液比1∶2,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间120 min。在最佳工艺条件下制得活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值最高可达到208 mg/g。     

山核桃壳活性炭的制备工艺对其吸附活性的影响

以山核桃壳为原料,优化KOH活化法制备活性炭工艺。结果表明,在确保山核桃活性炭得率的基础上影响其吸附活性(以碘吸附值体现)大小的因素依次为:活化温度活化时间KOH质量体积浓度料液比;优化工艺参数:活化温度700℃,KOH质量体积浓度30%,料液比1∶2(m∶V),活化时间45min。在此条件下进行验证实验平均可得18.90%(以原料质量计)的山核桃活性炭且吸附活性较好,平均碘吸附值为1 006.76mg/g。     

麦草浆蒸煮黑液木素制备活性炭

以麦草浆蒸煮黑液中木素为原料，采用正交实验方法，探讨了活化时间、活化温度、磷料比对制备活性炭性能的影响和最佳工艺条件。结果表明，麦草浆蒸煮黑液中木素可以作为制备活性炭的优良原料，最佳制备工艺条件为：温度600％、磷料比3．5：1、活化时间70min；制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值可达16．3mL／0．1g，为活性炭国家一级品标准（LY216—79）的1．36倍。三因素对活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附能力影响顺序为：活化温度〉磷料比〉活化时间。     

H3PO4法制备核桃壳活性炭及其处理啤酒废水的研究

本文研究了H3PO4法制备核桃壳活性炭的工艺条件,并探讨了其处理啤酒废水的影响因素.结果表明:浸渍比1:2.5,浸渍温度60℃,H3PO4浓度60%,300℃炭化80 min,600℃活化80min时,制备的活性炭对碘和亚甲基蓝的吸附值分别达到876.8 mg/L和170.3mg/L;在pH7.0的条件下,采用吸附粒径...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press