成品油批次输送跟踪系统的设计与实现

在成品油管道输送过程中,采用同一管道按批次先后顺序输送多种油品的输送策略,以达到输送效率最大化,为准确实现油品下载和分输,最大化避免油品混合,批次输送过程中油头实时跟踪显得尤为重要,因此油品批次输送跟踪系统在成品油输送作业过程中必不可少,该文就针对成品油批次输送的特点阐述如何设计并实现成品油批次输送跟踪系统。     

成品油管道泄漏监测系统及工程实施

泄漏严重影响着成品油管道的运行安全,极易造成全线停输以及火灾等事故,带来巨大经济损失;针对该问题,介绍了泄漏监测的必要性、系统原理及特性,并对泄漏定位公式中的参数信号波速和时间差计算进行了说明;描述了工程实施过程中的系统构成,包括硬软件组成、各模块功能以及开发流程;在成品油管道上的现场应用表明,该系统具有很强的实用性和有效性,各项指标符合生产要求,泄漏监测灵敏度可达管输量的1％,定位误差小于管段长度1％.     

西部成品油管道调度计划自动编制程序的开发及应用

文章采用Visual Basic编程语言,结合西部管道成品油流向模型,研编了西部成品油管道调度计划制定软件,依据本软件自动编制成品油调度计划,给出运行批次带状图、混油界面到站图和分输计划输出表,为调度管理工作提供辅助工具。     

泄压阀在成品油管道上的应用

为了控制和消除长输成品油管道的水击危害,采用DANFLO MODEL 20型先导式泄压阀消减管道中的水击波.该泄压阀通过泄放管道中的油品,使其体积发生变化,油品压能得到释放,从而减弱了水击波的强度.国内已有多条长输成品油管道采用这种泄压阀,实际运行表明该泄压阀具有流通能力强、响应快速的特点.在长输成品油管道保护系统中,DANFLO MODEL 20型先导式泄压阀已成为一种关键设备,具有广泛的应用价值.     

原油加热炉温度的在线监测与智能控制系统

在联合站原油集输脱水过程中,针对液量的变化造成原油经加热炉加热后温度不稳定,影响原油外输和油水脱离的效果的问题,提出了在线测量加热炉出口温度、管道压力和流量的新方法来间接推断管道原油的温度,并采用智能复合控制策略来进行在线智能控制,最终在所设计的32位微处理器系统上得到了实现。实际运行结果表明:所提出的加热炉温度的实时监测与控制方法是可行的,所研制的监控系统运行可靠、操作使用方便,取得了较好的控制效果。     

天然气自动分输控制系统不稳定性研究

SCADA系统是长输管道自动化水平较高的一套系统。在分输站基本工作在满负荷状态的情况下,分输量的自动控制能够工作在设定值附近,因而分输比较稳定。但实际工程中存在局部分输站分输量远小于设计分输量,使得站控系统的PLC参数难以整定,经常出现分输不稳定的现象。本文在不改变原系统结构的情况下,进行控制优化设计,从而实现了小流量下的平稳分输任务,并给出了算法实现。经现场实践取得了较好的分输控制效果。     

一种外夹式超声波流量计在成品油管道上的应用

在成品油输送工艺中,需要对管道中输送油品进行计量。油品流量检测方法主要有差压法及超声波法。本文介绍了一种外夹式超声波流量计的检测原理、组成、安装及在国内兰郑长成品油管道上的应用。该流量计的成功应用,提高了油品流量检测水平,有利于成品油输油管线安全、平稳、高效运行。     

基于随机遮挡孔径的光场图像混叠检测方法

现有光场采集系统存在角度信息欠采样的问题,由此引起的图像混叠效应降低了光场图像质量. 本文在2D光场框架下分析了光场图像混叠的空域模型,并且提出一种变换离散孔径采样密度的混叠检测方法. 该方法通过计算随机遮挡孔径（Random masked aperture,RMA）成像点集的变异系数进行混叠检测,特点在于无需已知场景深度和纹理的先验信息. 以平面相机阵列为采集平台,本文在多组真实光场数据集上进行了方法的验证,并且在检测结果基础上对混叠效应进行了修正.     

音波管道泄漏监测系统在新疆油田管道保护中的应用

原油长输管道是油田生产的生命线,由于偷盗打孔破坏致使原油漏失、环境污染,给企业带来巨大的经济损失。为了最大限度地降低输油管道泄漏所造成的一系列严重后果,加强地面长输管网管理力度,利用音波泄漏监测技术实现管道实时在线监测。本文介绍了音波管道泄漏监测系统的工作原理,以及系统在新疆油田管道保护应用中的泄漏报警实例,分析了该系统的定位精度。长期运行结果表明,该系统具有报警快速、灵敏度高、准确度高等特点,能够有效地实现泄漏报警和定位,从而有效保障长输管道的安全运行。最后指出系统存在的问题和发展趋势。     

成品油管道调节阀执行机构的选型及应用

成品油管道的压力调节系统主要包括出站压力调节系统和下载压力调节系统。为确保成品油管道在设计的压力下平稳运行,采用调节阀实现常温密闭管道的压力自动调节。调节阀确定了,选择性价比高的执行机构至关重要。文章阐述了管道压力调节系统的组成,介绍了调节阀执行机构的工作原理及各自的特点,并针对两种不同使用位置的调节阀进行功能分析和选型。经分析比较,出站调节阀采用电液联动执行机构、下载调节阀采用电动执行机构具有较高的性价比。目前这两种执行机构的调节阀已成功应用于成品油管道,确保了管道安全平稳的运行。     

基于时空图卷积神经网络的管网产量模拟计算

针对原油集输管网的流量计测量数值偏差大, 模拟仿真软件人工校正繁琐、自适应差的问题, 提出一种自适应时空图卷积神经网络的产量计算方法, 实现原油集输管网产量的模拟计算. 以潜油电泵井为节点, 输油管道为边构建管网拓扑图. 使用图卷积神经网络提取井分布空间信息, 时间卷积神经网络获取产量数据的时间序列特征, 计算得到准确的产量模拟计算结果. 在某油田原油集输管网系统上进行了实验验证, 结果表明本文方法能够准确对管网系统内各电泵井的产量进行计算, 与其他基准网络模型相比, 各项误差指标均有下降, 平均绝对误差降至0.87, 平均绝对百分比误差降至4.45%, 均方误差降至0.84, 证明了提出方法的有效性和准确性.     

基于卷积神经网络的无人机油气管线巡检监察系统

为满足深埋式油气管道巡检监察需求,以及解决常规人工巡检手段效率低、时效性差、安全性低等问题,通过结合无人机飞行平台、卷积神经网络算法及计算机系统集成技术,设计并开发了一套基于卷积神经网络的无人机油气管线巡检监察系统,为油气管线的巡检监察工作提供技术支撑.本文首先介绍了巡检监察系统的总体设计方案、及作业流程进行了介绍;其次对系统组成进行了详细介绍,整个系统由无人机飞行平台、神经网络目标检测系统、无人机巡检监察管理系统以及无人机巡检执法终端四大子系统组成,无人机飞行平台以油动固定翼无人机为飞行载体,搭载高清相机进行数据采集,神经网络目标检测系统对影像数据进行自动检测、识别、搜索沿线工程车辆和管线隐患的目标,无人机巡检监察管理系统实现数据信息的存储管理及分发推送,无人机巡检执法终端接收隐患目标推送信息并进行现场快速执法;最后,对该系统的应用情况及后续的发展方向进行了总结和展望.目前,该系统成功应用于河南、甘肃等省份的油气管线巡检监察作业中,结果表明系统满足油气管线巡检监察的业务需求.     

Mathematical modeling of the flow in a pipeline with a leak

Pipeline leaks can lead to excessive economical loss as well as posing environmental hazards. Mathematical modeling of the flow in a pipeline with a leak can be used to evaluate the loss caused by a leak and provide a guide for pipeline operation as well as an aid for leak detection. The mathematical expressions describing the flow in a pipeline with a leak have been formulated. A new approach based on the analogy between pipeline and electric circuit has been proposed to solve these equations. In this approach, an equivalent circuit with a certain structure has been used to simulate the leaking pipeline and the flow characteristics of the pipeline end have been treated with approximation. The mathematical model of the pipeline with a leak has been developed with the solution of the equations. The model was verified by using an experimental gas pipeline and a real oil pipeline. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental recordings confirmed the accuracy of the models and the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

Framework for integrated oil pipeline monitoring and incident mitigation systems

Wireless Sensor Nodes (motes) have witnessed rapid development in the last two decades. Though the design considerations for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely discussed in the literature, limited investigation has been done for their application in pipeline surveillance. Given the increasing number of pipeline incidents across the globe, there is an urgent need for innovative and effective solutions for deterring the incessant pipeline incidents and attacks. WSN pose as a suitable candidate for such solutions, since they can be used to measure, detect and provide actionable information on pipeline physical characteristics such as temperature, pressure, video, oil and gas motion and environmental parameters. This paper presents specifications of motes for pipeline surveillance based on integrated systems architecture. The proposed architecture utilizes a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for the realization of an Integrated Oil Pipeline Monitoring and Incident Mitigation System (IOPMIMS) that can effectively monitor and provide actionable information for pipelines. The requirements and components of motes, different threats to pipelines and ways of detecting such threats presented in this paper will enable better deployment of pipeline surveillance systems for incident mitigation. It was identified that the shortcomings of the existing wireless sensor nodes as regards their application to pipeline surveillance are not effective for surveillance systems. The resulting specifications provide a framework for designing a cost-effective system, cognizant of the design considerations for wireless sensor motes used in pipeline surveillance.     

Hybrid method based on particle filter and NARX for real-time flow rate estimation in multi-product pipelines

Real-time flow estimation plays a vital role in multi-product pipeline operations, and the accuracy of real-time flow estimation is affected by noise interference and instrument accuracy and cannot be performed by direct observation of flow meter. Pipeline flow models based on the first principle method are established and employed as soft sensors of pipeline real-time flow rate. However, these models are validated by the controlled experimental pipeline, which may be ineffective regarding actual pipelines with uncertain physical parameters. In this paper, a novel approach integrating data-driven and model-driven method is proposed to estimate the flow rate of petroleum products on-line. The difference between the theoretical model and actual state of a pipeline is accounted for by the friction coefficient, and on-line calibration is achieved by solving multi-objective optimisation problems with asynchronous operation data. The flow state of the pipeline is obtained in real time by the particle filter when new pressure observations with noise become available. The estimation performance of local pressure mutation points is improved by adopting the recurrent nonlinear autoregressive neural network modelling blue of the data-driven method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated blue by examining actual data of the pipeline over a period of time. The prediction results of some other model-driven and data-driven methods are also compared to blue that of the proposed method. The results blue indicate that the proposed method improves the accuracy and reliability of the product flow rate estimations even under unforeseen operation conditions.     

SCADA系统在长输原油管道上的应用

以洪荆、钟荆原油管道SCADA系统为例,阐述了该系统的架构、通讯设计、SCADA系统功能等。长输原油管道采用密闭输送工艺,其自动控制系统为SCADA系统,实现在调度中心对全线进行监控、调度和管理,沿线各个工艺站场达到无人操作,有人值守。介绍了洪荆、钟荆原油管线的工艺流程和主要设备,并详细描述了SCADA系统的硬件、软件配置,以及所实现的功能。     

原油管道实时安检系统

针对当前原油管道传输过程中存在的漏油现象和能源浪费等问题,提出了一种基于B/S模式的原油管道实时安检系统,系统实现了管道数据监测,管道测漏,节能模型和结蜡模型。详述了系统设计、数据库的设计和系统实现主要技术。该系统界面友好,通信稳定,监测实时,且精度高,真正的实现了监测自动化,提高了企业的管理自动化水平。     

考虑石脑油两种用途的原油混输调度模型

针对炼厂石脑油用于催化重整和乙烯生产两种用途的原油混输调度问题建立数学模型，把重整过程和乙烯生产对石脑油芳烃潜含量的不同要求用线性规划的方法实现，以原油混输调度中对不同类的原油根据需要分别输送和储存，为常减压装置准备好“重整石脑油方案”和“乙烯石脑油方案”的原料，真正符合“宜芳则芳”、“宜烯则烯”的调度原则。建模中应用了MILP(混合整数线性规划)技术和多周期技术，并给出一个应用在6种不同的国外原油及6个生产调度周期的应用实例，考虑了原油从装置罐到厂区罐的一次混输调度，尽量保证管道和厂区罐调度周期末原油质量合格。     

A Decision Support System for a small scale industry in a developing country

This paper describes the design and development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for a small scale manufacturing company in a developing country. The DSS provides a solution for an integrated problem of planning, shopfloor scheduling, and control. The DSS system accepts the demand data with priorities, then uses the information from the imbedded data base system regarding product structure, production process, available resources with the status, and inventory. This in turn is used by the imbedded models to solve planning and scheduling problems, and provide solutions containing job order release, shopfloor scheduling and material requirement report. What if analysis feature provided by DSS allows the managers to incorporate their knowledge and experience to improve the quality of the solution by evaluating different scenarios presented by the manager. The laboratory equipment manufactured by the company is made to order. Product information regarding twenty-two high demand items is incorporated into the data base system, and the scheduling problem is solved for these items. The jobshop is a mixed shop problem containing a flow shop, an open shop, and a flow shop. A heuristic method used for solving this problem is presented.