基于电压影响下圆偏振激光束的特性（英文）

采用狭缝光束分析仪和偏振仪测量了从铝薄膜表面反射的圆偏振光的光斑位置和偏振特性随外界直流电压变化情况,理论拟合激光从铝薄膜反射后的光斑位置与直流电流电压的关系。测量和多项式拟合结果表明,当外部电压值从0变化到2.5V时,圆偏振激光在x轴和y轴上的位置分别是从-45μm移动到-95μm,从35μm移动到75μm,而激光束的光学偏振度基本上不变化。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的激光外差干涉位移测量误差补偿

针对激光外差干涉仪测量过程中测量镜随被测对象旋转而导致的位移测量误差,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的激光外差干涉位移测量补偿方法。根据测量镜转角和测量光束光斑位置变化对应关系,利用位置敏感探测器(PSD)和位置电压信号卡尔曼滤波方法测得降噪后的光斑位置变化,从而获得更为准确的转角测量结果,最后根据转角与位移的解耦数学模型利用测得的转角进行位移补偿。为验证滤波算法和位移补偿方法的可行性和有效性,搭建激光外差干涉测量实验装置,分别进行光斑位置稳定性测量实验、角度测量验证实验和激光外差干涉位移测量补偿实验。实验结果表明：经卡尔曼滤波降噪后系统装置测得的光斑位置抖动标准差从0.52μm降至0.18μm,测量的转角与索雷博六自由度转台的转角偏差在±1.38×10^-4°内,对M-531. DD线性导轨200 mm量程内的位移和转角进行测量,将测得的转角进行位移补偿后,系统的位移测量结果与M-531. DD线性导轨位移的标准差从1.55μm减小到0.29μm。     

基于单目视觉的激光光束方向标定研究（英文）

在由激光位移传感器组成的测量系统中,激光光束的方向是一个关键参数。方位角和俯仰角对于一条激光光束是最为重要的两个参数。本文中提出一种基于单目视觉的激光光束方向测量方法。首先,将CCD相机放置于基础平面上方,保持相机光轴与基础平面接近于垂直状态,并利用误差为10μm的圆孔型标定板建立单目定位模型。然后将激光光束发生装置放置在基础平面上并保持位置固定,同时在基础平面上放置特制靶块,使激光光束可以投射到靶块斜面上并形成一个激光光斑。在基础平面上方放置的CCD相机可以清晰的采集到激光光斑、靶块斜面的图像,应用相关算法提取出光斑质心的二维图像坐标。沿激光光束方向以相等间距移动靶块,通过CCD相机采集每移动一次靶块在当前位置下的光斑、靶块图像。利用相关的转换公式,结合靶块本身固有参数,将光斑质心图像二维坐标转换为基础平面下的空间三维坐标。由于靶块的移动,会得到靶块不同位置下激光光斑质心的三维坐标,将这些三维坐标拟合成空间直线表征待测激光光束。拟合直线得俯仰角即为待测激光光束的俯仰角。实验中,应用高精度仪器对靶块参数进行测定,并使用高精度标定板标定相机内外参数建立相应的定位模型。测量精度主要通过单目视觉定位精度、光斑重心提取精度来保证。结果显示,待测光束的俯角最大误差达到0.02°,光束间夹角的最大误差为0.04°。     

基于单目视觉的激光光束方向标定研究

在由激光位移传感器组成的测量系统中,激光光束的方向是一个关键参数.方位角和俯仰角对于一条激光光束是最为重要的两个参数.本文中提出一种基于单目视觉的激光光束方向测量方法.首先,将CCD相机放置于基础平面上方,保持相机光轴与基础平面接近于垂直状态,并利用误差为10μm的圆孔型标定板建立单目定位模型.然后将激光光束发生装置放置在基础平面上并保持位置固定,同时在基础平面上放置特制靶块,使激光光束可以投射到靶块斜面上并形成一个激光光斑.在基础平面上方放置的CCD相机可以清晰的采集到激光光斑、靶块斜面的图像,应用相关算法提取出光斑质心的二维图像坐标.沿激光光束方向以相等间距移动靶块,通过CCD相机采集每移动一次靶块在当前位置下的光斑、靶块图像.利用相关的转换公式,结合靶块本身固有参数,将光斑质心图像二维坐标转换为基础平面下的空间三维坐标.由于靶块的移动,会得到靶块不同位置下激光光斑质心的三维坐标,将这些三维坐标拟合成空间直线表征待测激光光束.拟合直线得俯仰角即为待测激光光束的俯仰角.实验中,应用高精度仪器对靶块参数进行测定,并使用高精度标定板标定相机内外参数建立相应的定位模型.测量精度主要通过单目视觉定位精度、光斑重心提取精度来保证.结果显示,待测光束的俯角最大误差达到0.02°,光束间夹角的最大误差为0.04°.     

基于MATLAB的激光光斑图像处理算法

提出了一种基于MATLAB的激光光斑图像处理仿真算法.在MATLAB环境下,首先对采集到的光斑图像进行平滑滤波、亮度调节、阈值分割和边缘检测等图像处理,确定出光斑区域并得到边缘点的位置信息,再根据最小二乘法进行圆拟合进而计算得到光斑中心点的坐标.仿真结果表明,该算法能够快速、准确地得到光斑中心位置点,且达到很高的测量精...     

基于PSD的激光微位移测量系统

介绍了一种基于二维位置敏感探测器PSD的激光光斑位置测量系统。与传统的方法相比,该系统改进了硬件和软件设计方法来实现PSD外围信号处理,它可以测量微米级位置的移动,实验结果表明系统测量精度在5μ之内。     

基于激光传感器的滚珠螺母型面测量

为了实现滚珠螺母型面的快速精确测量,提出了激光测量方法并设计测量装置。首先,基于经直角棱镜反射的点激光轴向扫描的测量原理设计了螺母滚道型面检测装置,并根据滚道的数学模型提出轴法向转换的数据处理方法。然后,对直角棱镜的平移和转角误差、激光偏移误差、激光倾斜误差建立模型进行分析。最后,设计工装对标准钢球和圆槽进行扫描,并对螺母滚道开展实际测量。结果显示,完成误差标定后,经棱镜反射的点激光扫描圆弧轮廓的测量误差在3.1μm以内,标准差在2.2μm以内。对螺母滚道的扫描图像完整有效,总体精度满足螺母滚道型面的测量要求。     

激光光斑位置精确测量系统

设计了一种激光光斑位置测量系统,用于提高激光照射器监测系统测量激光光斑位置时的测量精度.分别介绍了测量系统的组成及它们的信号连接关系.针对激光光斑图像采集过程中的后向散射现象,提出基于异步距离选通的激光后向散射抑制技术.为了克服大气湍流扰动对激光光斑成像的影响,利用改进的盲解卷积算法对激光光斑图像进行事后图像处理.最后,对光斑图像进行畸变校正,并利用高斯曲面拟合算法提取光斑位置.设计了若干仿真实验,并应用该系统处理了实际外场实验.结果表明,所设计的激光光斑位置测量系统的测量精度不超过0.3 pixel.     

大型轴系轴心的激光旋转测量方法

研究了大型轴系轴心的激光旋转测量方法,利用CCD相机采集激光光斑图像,通过数值拟合算法计算激光光斑所形成圆周的圆心位置,用以测量轴系轴心的空间位置。该方法消除了激光器装配定位误差导致的指向偏差和激光器不稳定导致的光束漂移。建立了激光旋转测量法测量精度的数学模型,进行数值模拟,计算结果表明:测量精度与激光旋转半径无关,与光斑采样点数成正比,接收屏与轴系轴心的垂直度偏差对测量精度影响不大。利用改进的最小二乘法进行数值拟合,进一步提高了激光旋转测量法的测量精度。     

金属薄膜边缘诱导改变谐振激光模式实验

为研究在不同方向移动的金属薄膜边缘的干扰情况下谐振激光模式的改变现象,调节定制的氦氖激光谐振腔产生高阶高斯光束,用金属薄膜边缘进行干扰,并用CCD相机对光束的演变过程进行详细记录。随着金属薄膜边缘沿X和Y正方向上位移的增加,出射的激光模式由高阶向低阶模式演化,然后变成基模,变弱直到消失。原始激光模式的阶数越高,它的演化模式光斑形状越丰富。当用金属薄膜上方边缘向Y轴正向缓慢移动进行干扰时,激光模式的演化规则是最后趋于沿X轴的分裂模式;当用金属薄膜的左侧边缘向X轴正向缓慢移动进行干扰时,激光模式的演化规则最后趋于沿Y轴的分裂模式。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.