Colorimetry for CRT displays

We analyze the sources of error in specifying color in CRT displays. These include errors inherent in the use of the color matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard observer when only colorimetric, not radiometric, calibrations are available. We provide transformation coefficients that prove to correct the deficiencies of this observer very well. We consider four different candidate sets of cone sensitivities. Some of these differ substantially; variation among candidate cone sensitivities exceeds the variation among phosphors. Finally, the effects of the recognized forms of observer variation on the visual responses (cone excitations or cone contrasts) generated by CRT stimuli are investigated and quantitatively specified. Cone pigment polymorphism gives rise to variation of a few per cent in relative excitation by the different phosphors--a variation larger than the errors ensuing from the adoption of the CIE standard observer, though smaller than the differences between some candidate cone sensitivities. Macular pigmentation has a larger influence, affecting mainly responses to the blue phosphor. The estimated combined effect of all sources of observer variation is comparable in magnitude with the largest differences between competing cone sensitivity estimates but is not enough to disrupt very seriously the relation between the L and M cone weights and the isoluminance settings of individual observers. It is also comparable with typical instrumental colorimetric errors, but we discuss these only briefly.     

金纳米颗粒在疾病诊断和食品检测领域的研究进展

纳米科技的发展使纳米在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。由于金纳米颗粒具有较高的摩尔吸光系数和特殊的光学、电学、磁学性质,因此它在化学、生物传感、疾病诊断和食品检测等领域的应用取得了突出进展。综述了最近几年金纳米颗粒在疾病诊断和食品检测领域的最新研究进展,特别介绍了国家纳米科学中心近期的研究结果,他们重点研发了可控功能化纳米材料的合成和应用,构建了便携式、高灵敏度的生物化学分析方法系列,为HIV和阿尔茨海默等重大疾病的诊断提供了新方法。讨论了金纳米颗粒具有的优势及存在的问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

Cytochrome c on Silica Nanoparticles: Influence of Nanoparticle Size on Protein Structure,Stability, and Activity

The structure, thermodynamic and kinetic stability, and activity of cytochrome c (cyt c) on silica nanoparticles (SNPs) of different sizes have been studied. Adsorption of cyt c onto larger SNPs results in both greater disruption of the cyt c global structure and more significant changes of the local heme microenvironment than upon adsorption onto smaller SNPs. The disruption of the heme microenvironment leads to a more solvent‐accessible protein active site, as suggested by Soret circular dichroism spectroscopy and through an increase in peroxidase activity as a function of increased SNP size. Similarly, the stability of cyt c decreases more dramatically upon adsorption onto larger SNPs. These results are consistent with changes in protein–nanoparticle interactions that depend on the size or surface curvature of the supporting nanostructure. This study provides further fundamental insights into the effects of nanoscale surfaces on adsorbed protein structure and function.     

Solid‐State Nanopore Detection of Protein Complexes: Applications in Healthcare and Protein Kinetics

Protein conjugation provides a unique look into many biological phenomena and has been used for decades for molecular recognition purposes. In this study, the use of solid‐state nanopores for the detection of gp120‐associated complexes are investigated. They exhibit monovalent and multivalent binding to anti‐gp120 antibody monomer and dimers. In order to investigate the feasibility of many practical applications related to nanopores, detection of specific protein complexes is attempted within a heterogeneous protein sample, and the role of voltage on complexed proteins is researched. It is found that the electric field within the pore can result in unbinding of a freely translocating protein complex within the transient event durations measured experimentally. The strong dependence of the unbinding time with voltage can be used to improve the detection capability of the nanopore system by adding an additional level of specificity that can be probed. These data provide a strong framework for future protein‐specific detection schemes, which are shown to be feasible in the realm of a ‘real‐world’ sample and an automated multidimensional method of detecting events.     

Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems: Dendrimer Model

The aim of this study is to determine and interpret the magnetic properties of a dendrimer nanoparticle system. In this model, we are inspired by a system with core-shell spins σ = 3 and S = 7/2 as the elements of this model. We first examine the ground-state phase diagrams, which are followed by the elaboration and discussion of the stable phases. Then, a theoretical study by Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs), in the framework of the Ising model, is elaborated to investigate this system. By doing so, a number of results are achieved, namely the reduced critical temperature that is determined ( T _c / J _{σ σ} ) through studying the total and partial magnetizations and susceptibilities as a function of the temperature. Then, the effects of the crystal field on the total magnetizations, for the different values of the reduced exchange coupling and the reduced external magnetic field, are explored and discussed. Finally, the hysteresis loop behaviors are established and discussed.