Multifocus Holographic 3-D Image Fusion Using Independent Component Analysis

We present multifocus holographic 3-D image fusion based on independent component analysis (ICA). In this paper, the ICA technique is used to fuse multiple reconstructed holographic images at different distances from the image sensor. A hologram of two dice located at distances of 315 and 345 mm, respectively, from the sensor is recorded using phase-shifting digital holography and used in our experiments. The resulting reconstructed fused holographic image shows both dice objects clearly in focus. This is compared with a single reconstructed holographic image in which only one of the die objects is in focus at a particular reconstruction distance.     

基于硅基液晶的空分复用彩色全息显示研究

彩色全息显示是全息显示的一个重要研究目标。研究了使用RGB三色激光的彩色全息显示技术,提出基于空分复用的彩色全息显示方法。全息光电再现像的成像区域大小和成像区域中心位置依赖于RGB三色激光的波长,通过调节RGB三色分量原图大小以及加载数字闪耀光栅实现RGB三色再现图像分量区域大小和成像中心的重合。基于空分复用的方法建立了彩色全息显示系统,最终的彩色全息显示系统利用空间光调制器加载计算生成的24bit全息图再现彩色图像。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

Distortion Compensation of Reconstructed Hologram Image in Digital Holographic Display Based on Viewing Window

A holographic display based on a viewing window enables the converging of a reconstruction wave into a viewing window by means of an optical system. Accordingly, a user can observe a reconstructed hologram image, even with a small diffraction angle. It is very difficult to manufacture an optical system with no aberrations; thus, it is inevitable that a certain amount of wave aberrations will exist. A viewing‐window‐based holographic display, therefore, always includes distortions in an image reconstructed from a hologram pattern. Compensating the distortions of a reconstructed image is a very important technical issue because it can dramatically improve the performance when reconstructing a digital three‐dimensional content image from a hologram pattern. We therefore propose a method for suppressing image distortion by measuring and compensating the wave aberration calculated from a Zernike polynomial, which can represent arbitrary wave aberrations. Through our experimental configuration using only numerical calculations, our proposed method decreased the reconstructed image distortion by more than 28%.     

高分辨率多视点动态全息3D显示

提出了一种高分辨率多视点动态全息3D显示方法,观看视点位置变化时,观看者能够看到连续变化的3D效果。在进行全息图计算时,首先根据针孔阵列投影模型,渲染3D动画中每一帧3D模型的光场图像序列;然后从已渲染的多组光场图像序列中抽取对应视角信息的光场图像进行融合,得到融合后的动态光场图像序列;在进行全息图编码时,以动态光场图像序列中的一帧图像作为物光振幅,以来自于针孔的发散球面波的相位作为物光相位,引入平面参考光进行编码,得到一个单元全息图。由于每个单元全息图的计算是相互独立的,因此在计算过程中使用并行加速计算,实现了尺寸为32 mm×32 mm、分辨率为100000 pixel×100000 pixel的高分辨率全息图,其光场图像融合和全息编码的时间仅需27 min。光学再现结果证明了该方法的可行性。所提出的高分辨率多视点动态全息3D显示方法在全息包装和3D广告等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

数字全息再现像的细节显示和视觉畸变矫正

在分析数字全息系统的最小分辨距离和再现像平面上的采样间隔的基础上，提出了一种在用菲涅耳变换法再现数字全息图时，能清楚显示再现像细节的简单方法，这种方法能有效地提高再现场的显示分辨率。通过给由CCD记录的数字全息图补零，可使再现像平面上采样间隔减小，使再现像具有更多的像素，得到保留了更多记录信息的高质量再现像。用同样的方法，也可以矫正由于CCD靶面尺寸在水平和竖直方向上的不一致造成再现像的视觉畸变。实验结果表明此方法有很好的效果。     

基于共形对应的球面图像的计算全息图

研究了基于共形对应的球面图像的计算全息图(CGH)的生成和重现.通常,当用平面波照射全息图时,所重现的图像一般显示在平面上.共形对应在计算机图形学中被广泛应用,它可以将平面图像和任意曲面对应.相对于简单的坐标变换,共形对应关系具有很多优点,如它可以保持变换前后图像之间的几何形状不变性等.将共形对应引入计算机全息图的生成过程中,利用平面与球面的共形对应关系,生成显示于球面的二维图像的计算全息图,并由所生成全息图得到原始图像,从而实现整个全息记录和重现过程的计算机模拟.二维图像重现于球面实际上了产生三维显示,因此上述方法在从计算全息图重现三维图像方面起到重要的作用.     

Multimodal Interaction on Automultiscopic Content with Mobile Surface Haptics

In this work, we present interactive automultiscopic content with mobile surface haptics for multimodal interaction. Our system consists of a 40‐view automultiscopic display and a tablet supporting surface haptics in an immersive room. Animated graphics are projected onto the walls of the room. The 40‐view automultiscopic display is placed at the center of the front wall. The haptic tablet is installed at the mobile station to enable the user to interact with the tablet. The 40‐view real‐time rendering and multiplexing technology is applied by establishing virtual cameras in the convergence layout. Surface haptics rendering is synchronized with three‐dimensional (3D) objects on the display for real‐time haptic interaction. We conduct an experiment to evaluate user experiences of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the system's multimodal interaction provides positive user experiences of immersion, control, user interface intuitiveness, and 3D effects.     

Multi-Spectral Holographic Three-Dimensional Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

We present multi-spectral holographic three-dimensional image fusion using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The fusion results are compared with those of the Gaussian and Laplacian pyramid fusion methods. The advantage of the DWT over other methods is that it has more flexibility in controlling high frequency components as well as low frequency components, which improves the fused image quality. A wavelength tunable solid-state pumped laser is used to record up to 11 holograms with wavelengths from 567 to 613 nm. We present the fused reconstructed holographic images including multi-spectral fused images from the recorded multiple holograms. Fused multi-wavelength reconstructed holographic images provide multi-spectral information about the objects     

一种提高粒子再现像对比度的方法

在对3维粒子场全息图的数值重构过程中,为了提高和改善聚焦粒子再现像的对比度,减小直透光、孪生像以及离焦粒子像的影响,采用了1种数值处理方法,通过对数值重构出的2个聚焦与非聚焦面上粒子复振幅相减,可以将直透光、孪生像和离焦粒子像对聚焦粒子的影响同时减小,并给出了简要理论以及仿真、实验结果。结果表明,在同轴数字全息层析再现粒子场过程中,该方法适用于在某一聚焦面仅显示聚焦粒子;此外,该过程仅需要一张全息图,而且不需要对全息图做预前和后期处理。     

Microwave holographic imaging of underground objects

The resolving capability of underground imaging radar employing a multifrequency holographic approach is characterized in terms of controlling parameters such as the synthetic aperture length, soil conductivity and dielectric constant, and antenna beamwidth. The propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave in soil, which varies from soil to soil, is an essential parameter for reconstructing object images using the holographic approach. Hence, a method of estimating the propagation velocity and also the depth of an object from a pulse-echo image based on the minimum squared error is proposed. The result of underground object image reconstruction from real pulse-echo data is reported to demonstrate high estimation accuracy of the propagation velocity and fine resolution of the reconstructed image.     

基于层次化离散与残差网络的可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱层析成像

快速、准确、适用性强的重建算法是可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱层析成像(TDLAT)的核心研究内容之一。现有算法一般取位于燃烧场中心的某局部区域作为感兴趣区域(RoI),利用整个燃烧场对激光束的光谱吸收值重建RoI这一局部区域内的气体参数分布。重建结果与实际情况存在一定偏差。针对这一问题,该文研究燃烧场的空间层次化离散方法,进而为TDLAT系统设计一种基于残差网络(ResNet)的层次化温度层析成像方案(HTT-ResNet)。该方案能够根据有限数量的光谱吸收测量值完整重建整个燃烧场的温度图像,并对计算资源与燃烧场不同空间区域的成像分辨率进行优化配置,着重实现RoI内温度分布的高空间分辨率成像。利用随机多模态高斯火焰模型与实际TDLAT系统测量数据进行的实验均表明,HTT-ResNet重建的温度图像能够准确定位火焰的空间位置、清晰描述燃烧场的温度分布。     

Measurement of a Three－dimensional Gas Temperature Field with Holographic Interferometry

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单透镜菲涅尔计算全息显示系统中多级像和零级光的去除

为了消除多级像和零级光的干扰,提出了一种单透镜结构的系统,获得了单一无扰的再现像.使用Gerchberg-Saxton(GS)算法获得菲涅尔全息图,预先叠加倾斜平面波相位至菲涅尔全息图上,使再现像移至中央位置.用成像透镜将空间光调制器(SLM)后方的虚像成像至前方,同时在成像透镜后方放置空间滤波器,滤去多级像和零级光.调整透镜与SLM的位置可方便调整再现像的大小和位置,缩短了光学系统的长度.利用虚像的方法为基于液晶SLM的计算全息显示提供了新的思路.     

基于多视差立体显示的数字合成全息技术研究

合成全息图利用多视差图像实现立体显示,并可通过分区曝光实现大面积制作。介绍了数字合成全息的原理及其实验系统,针对其制作过程中的两种图像采样方式,研究了图像的分割和重组原则。通过对单元全息图合成拍摄中图像重叠投影的分析,基于非成像光学理论设计制作了能实现这一功能的透镜,并借助光学软件对其进行了仿真。最后利用所设计的透镜进行了合成全息实验,结果表明,利用所设计的重叠投影透镜和适当的图像处理方法,能合成出轮廓清晰、立体感强的全息立体图。     

Phantom-based multimodal interactions for medical education and training: the Munich knee joint simulator

Simulation environments based on virtual reality technologies can support medical education and training. In this paper, the novel approach of an "interactive phantom" is presented that allows a realistic display of haptic contact information typically generated when touching and moving human organs or segments. The key idea of the haptic interface is to attach passive phantom objects to a mechanical actuator. The phantoms look and feel as real anatomical objects. Additional visualization of internal anatomical and physiological information and sound generated during the interaction with the phantom yield a multimodal approach that can increase performance, didactic value, and immersion into the virtual environment. Compared to classical approaches, this multimodal display is convenient to use, provides realistic tactile properties, and can be partly adjusted to different, e.g., pathological properties. The interactive phantom is exemplified by a virtual human knee joint that can support orthopedic education, especially for the training of clinical knee joint evaluation. It is suggested that the technical principle can be transferred to many other fields of medical education and training such as obstetrics and dentistry.     

Projection-based spatially adaptive reconstruction ofblock-transform compressed images

At the present time, block-transform coding is probably the most popular approach for image compression. For this approach, the compressed images are decoded using only the transmitted transform data. We formulate image decoding as an image recovery problem. According to this approach, the decoded image is reconstructed using not only the transmitted data but, in addition, the prior knowledge that images before compression do not display between-block discontinuities. A spatially adaptive image recovery algorithm is proposed based on the theory of projections onto convex sets. Apart from the data constraint set, this algorithm uses another new constraint set that enforces between-block smoothness. The novelty of this set is that it captures both the local statistical properties of the image and the human perceptual characteristics. A simplified spatially adaptive recovery algorithm is also proposed, and the analysis of its computational complexity is presented. Numerical experiments are shown that demonstrate that the proposed algorithms work better than both the JPEG deblocking recommendation and our previous projection-based image decoding approach.     

Random Projections Imaging With Extended Space-Bandwidth Product

We propose a novel approach to imaging that is not based on traditional optical imaging architecture. With the new approach, the image is reconstructed and visualized from random projections of the input object. The random projections are implemented within a single exposure by using a random phase mask which can be placed on a lens. For objects that have sparse representation in some known domain (e.g., Fourier or wavelet), the novel imaging systems have larger effective space - bandwidth product than conventional imaging systems. This implies, for example, that more object pixels may be reconstructed and visualized than the number of pixels of the image sensor. We present simulation results on the utility of the new approach. The proposed approach can have broad applications in efficient imaging capture, visualization, and display given ever increasing demands for larger and higher resolution images, faster image communications, and multidimensional image communications such as 3-D TV and display.     

计算全息三维实时显示的研究进展

计算全息三维实时显示是目前国际光学领域的研究热点之一。综述了计算全息三维显示技术研究的现状。从计算全息三维显示的原理出发,简介了全息图计算的复杂度、再现像尺寸与视场角等参数的关系以及影响再现图像质量的主要因素。分析了各种获得高质量、大图像和宽视场角的全息三维实时显示技术方案,指出了其中存在的关键问题,并对全息三维实时显示的未来进行了展望。     

Efficient coding of experimental holograms using speckle denoising

Lossy compression for Experimental Holograms (EH) and Computer-Generated Holograms (CGH) using standardized coding solutions is a highly efficient process provided that these solutions can be applied to the object plane. This compression efficiency reveals to be more relevant in CGH. Speckle noise mainly affects reconstructed EH, and to less extent reconstructed CGH. In the current work, the reduction of speckle noise of EH is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of the hologram compression scheme. The compression scheme defines a base layer where a 2D version of the object is coded with an image codec standard. When speckle noise reduction is performed before any compression, efficient compression is obtained for both CGH and EH. Since speckle noise reduction is performed only on amplitude data, without affecting the phase information of the reconstructed hologram, it is still possible to render 3D features such as depth map, multi-view or to recover holographic interference patterns for further 3D visualization.     

Colorful Metahologram with Independently Controlled Images in Transmission and Reflection Spaces

Benefiting from the excellent properties of manipulating electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scale, metasurfaces are widely used to realize metaholograms with a large viewing angle or diffraction angle. However, all previously reported holograms just utilize transmission (or reflection) space while the corresponding reflection (or transmission) space is abandoned. In this paper, combining the off‐axis illumination method and polarization dependence of geometric‐phase‐based metasurfaces, a scheme is proposed to realize colorful metaholograms with independently controlled holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces. With this method, the usable data capacity and imaging region are greatly expanded. As far as it is known, it is the first time that independently controlled color holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces using metasurfaces is demonstrated. This approach has promising applications in real 360° holographic image, multifunctional optical device, multicolor display, etc.