离子注入α－Al_2O_3陶瓷材料的表面改性研究

研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶注入Ｎ＋后的力学性能变化。结果表明，注入剂量为１×１０１７Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２时，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的显微硬度提高了９２％；注入剂量为３×１０１７Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２时，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面形成非晶层，导致表面软化，显微硬度只是基体的５０％左右．离子注入在样品表面产生了高达￣１１５０ＭＰａ的压应力，材料的断裂韧性的改善与此有关，实验亦发现Ｎ＋离子注入后Ａｌ２Ｏ３的断裂韧性提高了９５％左右．ＳＥＭ分析同样证明Ｎ＋注入ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３后，其表面力学性能确实有所改善。     

GH903合金的离子注入表面改性研究

用离子注入、氧化和慢正电子束分析研究了ＧＨ９０３合金的氧化性能的改善与微观作用机理。注入的Ｃｒ＋．Ｙ＋的能量均为６０ｋｅＶ，注入的剂量分别由１ｘ１０１７．ｃｍ－２（Ｃｒ＋）、１ｘ１０１５Ｃｍ－２（Ｙ＋）和［１ｘ１０１５．ｃｍ－２（Ｙ＋）＋１ｘ１０１７·ｃｍ－２（Ｃｒ＋）］。结束显示，注入样品与未样品相比。氧化增重分别减少４．８％（注Ｃｒ＋）、２４．２％（注Ｙ＋）和３２．３％（注Ｙ＋＋Ｃｒ＋）。这表明合金氧化性能改善的作用机理主要是注入离子对样品浅表层内缺陷的填充与退火。同时，注入元素的化学性能和使样品表面更致密也起了重要作用。     

低能离子束辐照氨基酸结构变化的傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）法研究了３０ｋｅＶ的Ｎ＾＋离子束辐照引起氨基酸结构的变化。结果表明：经相同剂量Ｎ＾＋离子束辐照后,天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）和苯丙氨酸（Ｐｈｅ）的基团有相似的变化规律,即羧酸根离子（ＣＯＯ＾－）的ｖＣ＝Ｏ伸缩振动（分别为１６４６ｃｍ＾－１和１６２６ｃｍ＾－１）均增强,ＮＨ３＾＋的谱峰（分别主要为１５１７ｃｍ＾－１和１５６０ｃｍ＾－１）强度均减弱。Ｐｈｅ较Ａｓｐ中的基因强度     

离子注入C60薄膜的电导率变化

沉积在云母片上的纯Ｃ６０薄膜受２０ｋｅＶ的Ｌｉ＋和Ｎ＋２离子轰击，剂量在０．５×１０１６／ｃｍ２～５．０×１０１６／ｃｍ２之间改变，测量了离子注入后Ｃ６０薄膜方块电阻随温度的变化，进而推导出Ｃ６０薄膜电导率随温度和注入离子剂量的变化；分析了非原位测量中氧元素对电导率变化的影响以及能量较高的注入离子对Ｃ６０薄膜的辐照损伤效应。研究结果表明，Ｌｉ＋注入对Ｃ６０薄膜电导率的影响明显高于Ｎ＋２注入的影响，并给出了不同离子注入条件下Ｃ６０薄膜电导率随温度变化的函数关系式。     

离子注入α—Al2O3陶瓷材料的表面改性研究

研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶注入Ｎ＾＋后的力学性能变化。结果表明，注入剂量为１×１０＾１７Ｎ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２时，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的显微硬度提高了９２％，注入剂量为３×１０＾１７Ｎ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２时，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面形成晶层，导致表面软化，显微硬度只是其５０％左右。离子注入在样品表面产生了高达－１１５０ＭＰａ的压应力，材料的断裂韧性的改善与此有关，实验亦发现Ｎ＾＋离子注入后Ａｌ２Ｏ３的断裂韧性提高了９５％左右。     

In^＋离子注入蓝宝石（α—Al2O3单晶）的表面改性研究

研究了〈０００１〉和〈１＾－２１０〉晶向蓝宝石（α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单昌）在注入３６０ｋｅＶ、１×１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－２或１００ｋｅＶ、６×１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－１的Ｉｎ＾＋后产生的损伤、注入层的性能变化和退火行为。实验结果表明，退火过程中损伤的恢复和Ｉｎ的分布与退火气氛有关：在１００ｋｅＶ、６×１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－２的Ｉｎ＾＋注入时，注入层电阻率降低了１０个量级，大小为６．８×１０＾３Ω·ｃｍ，表面损伤层的显     

高能（MeV级）氧离子注入本征型GaAs的电性能及注入损伤退火行为的研究

在本征型ＧａＡｓ中注入２．０ＭｅＶ（剂量１．０×１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２）＋２．９ＭｅＶ（剂量１．１×１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２）的＾１６Ｏ，使氧在约１．５－２．５μｍ之间形成均匀分布。注入样品分别经４００－８００℃、１５ｍｉｎ热退火后的电阻率测量表明，经５００℃和６００℃退火后的样品具有高的电阻率（～１０＾８Ω·ｃｍ）；而当退火温度进一步升高时，其电阻率逐渐下降，并具有ｐ型导电行为。沟道ＲＢＳ分析表明，当     

In~+离子注入蓝宝石(α-A1_2O_3单晶)的表面改性研究

研究了＜０００１＜和＜１２１０＞晶向蓝宝石（α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶）在注入３６０ｋｅＶ．１×１０￣１６ｃｍ￣－２或１００ｋｅＶ、６×１０￣１６ｃｍ￣－２的Ｉｎ￣＋后产生的损伤、注入层的性能变化和退火行为。实验结果表明，退火过程中损伤的恢复和Ｉｎ的分布与退火气氛有关：在１００ｋｅＶ、６×１０￣１６ｃｍ￣－２的Ｉｎ￣＋注入时，注入层电阻率降低了１０个量级，大小为６．８×１０￣３·ｃｍ，表面损伤层的显微硬度提高了９２％；在３６０ｋｅＶ，１×１０￣１６ｃｍ￣－２的Ｉｎ＋注入时，其表面损伤层的显微硬度提高了４５％，在空气中不同温度下退火后，其显微硬度的变化和损伤的变化具有相同的规律。     

大射野,大深度^60Coγ射线照射条件下组织—空气比的公式计算

本文利用＾６０Ｃｏγ放射源和７２ｃｍ×７２ｃｍ×９０ｃｍ（长×宽×高）体模，在大射野（１０．０ｃｍ×１０．０ｃｍ～５０．ｃｍ×５０．０ｃｍ）和大深度ｄ（１０．０～７０．０ｃｍ）照射条件下实测的组织－空气比数据，按Ｍｅｌｓｋｉ计算＾６０Ｃｏγ射线组织－空气比深度函数公式，Ａｅ＾Ｂｄ＋Ｃｅ＾Ｄｄ，利用高斯－牛顿逐次逼近的计算方法，拟合出该公式参数Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ和Ｄ的最佳估计值，５组数据的残差平方和小于１．     

2－羟基－5－烷基苯乙肟萃取Am~（3＋）和镧系元素的研究Ⅰ．萃取条件的确定

研究了２－羟基－５－烷基苯乙肟（商品代号７８０４）萃取Ａｍ￣（３＋）和镧系元素时，平衡时间、温度、ｐＨ值、萃取剂浓度及料液中起始Ａｍ￣（３＋）和镧系元素浓度对各元素分配比的影响。研究结果表明，合适的萃取条件为：平衡时间３０ｍｉｎ、温度２０±１°Ｃ、萃取剂浓度０．２ｍｏｌ／ｌ、ｐＨ４．８—５．１。在此条件下，７８０４与Ａｍ￣（３＋）或镧系元素形成２：１配合物。７８０４萃取Ａｍ￣（３＋）及镧系元素的顺序为：Ａｍ＞Ｅｕ＞Ｓｍ＞Ｎｄ＞Ｐｒ＞Ｃｅ＞Ｌａ。     

PIGE analysis and profiling of aluminium

In this work we present an alternative method for PIGE analysis of aluminium in thick samples. This method is based on the ERYA - emitted radiation yield analysis - code, which integrates the nuclear reaction excitation function along the depth of the sample. For this purpose, the excitations functions of the ²⁷Al(p,p′γ_1,2)²⁷Al reaction (with gamma-ray energies of 844 and 1014 keV) were employed. Calculated gamma-ray yields were compared, at several proton energy values, with experimental yields for thick samples made of inorganic compounds containing aluminium. The agreement is better than 5%.The 1684 keV resonance of the same reaction, with a natural width of 100 eV, was used to profile samples of Ti implanted with several doses of Al. We show that this resonance, stronger than the 992 keV resonance of the ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si usually employed for aluminium profiling, leads to similar depth resolution in shorter collection time.     

Neutron irradiation of dilute aluminium alloys

Aluminium alloys containing up to 0.4% silicon and 0.1% indium were irradiated at various doses up to 10²¹ n/cm² (E > 0.1 MeV) at pile temperature. Indium was found to enhance and silicon to suppress the nucleation of voids. The reasons for this are discussed in terms of possible nucleation processes. The changes in 0.2% proof stress were correlated with the change in microstructure.     

Interstitial loops in neutron-irradiated aluminium

A method is presented for the estimation of the solubility of uranium and plutonium in solvent systems composed of two or more low-melting metals. The method presented for the estimation of the activity coefficient of uranium and plutonium in multi-component solvent systems is applicable to the prediction of solubilities and of distribution coefficients between liquid alloys and molten salts. The theoretical basis for the salt transport separation process used in pyrochemical methods for the recovery of irradiated fast breeder reactor fuels is presented. The methods are illustrated by the computation of the solubility of uranium in liquid Zn-Mg and Zn-Mg-Ca alloys and the distribution of uranium between liquid Zn-Mg alloy and molten MgCl₂.     

Transmission electron microscopy of He-bubbles in aluminium

Thin wedge-shaped aluminium specimens were bombarded at 2̃00°C with α-particles to obtain a uniform distribution of He from 0̃.002 to 0.35 at%. The behaviour of the He in the specimens was studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that He-bubbles are formed by homogeneous nucleation. They become visible at a diameter of ~10 Å in specimens containing 0̃.007 at% He. With increasing α-dose the bubbles increase both in number and in size until their number becomes constant at ~0.09 at% He. Additional bombardments of such samples lead only to further growth due to He-diffusion. A small zone free of visible bubbles is formed at the specimen surface and its depth depends on the bombardment dose.     

Charge exchange of He-ions with aluminium surfaces

Charge exchange of ⁴He⁺ and ³He⁺ ions with surfaces of polycrystalline aluminium and Al(1 1 1) was investigated in the low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) regime. Ion spectra were recorded for primary energies ranging from 280 to 4000 eV by using an electrostatic analyzer (ESA). A very low threshold energy E_th for collision induced charge exchange (CI) was deduced from the shape of experimental spectra. Ion fractions P⁺ were evaluated. No systematic difference in P⁺ was observed for both, the two surfaces investigated and the two different projectiles.     

热损补偿型铝吸收剂量量热计的研制

叙述了热损补偿型铝吸收剂量量热计的结构及测量原理，给出了量热计在１０－３５℃工作温区的电加热标定因子，得到了６０Ｃｏγ辐照室中剂量率对距离的分布。     

The solubility of aluminium in Pb-17Li

The saturation solubility of aluminium in Pb-17Li has been measured over the temperature range envisaged for a Pb-17Li tritium breeder/coolant blanket for use in a fusion reactor. The solubility is given by the equation log¹⁰S(wppm) = 6.249 – 2784.9/T(K) for T = 525 – 813 K.The results are compared to literature values for the solubility of aluminium in pure lead and show good agreement. A value for the enthalpy of solution of + 55.8 kJ mol^-1 has been calculated.     

Oxide membranes within argon bubbles in aluminium

Small bubbles in argon-implanted aluminium have been found to contain thin oxide membranes. These membranes lie on {111] planes of the aluminium and are stable to above 500 ° C. It is shown that sufficient oxygen will be knocked-in during argon implantation to precipitate platelets of oxide, on which the bubbles nucleate. This oxygen knock-in mechanism could account for the hitherto surprising stability of helium bubbles in aluminium.