2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚的合成及其副产物的研究

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯酚与2-甲基丁烯醇在BF3OEt2的催化下进行傅-克烷基化反应合成2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚。对鲜见文献报道的副产物2,2,5-三甲基-3-氢-6-羟基-7,8-二甲氧基-苯并吡喃进行了结构鉴定并推测了其形成机理,在原料辅酶Q0、甲基丁烯醇和BR的配比为1：1.5：0.19(摩尔比),反应温度45℃,滴加时间30min,反应时间2h的条件下收率达90.24％。     

6-甲基-4-(4-甲氧酰基苯基)-5-甲氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮的合成及与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

合成并表征了6-甲基-4-(4-甲氧酰基苯基)-5-甲氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮,利用荧光光谱法和紫外光谱法研究了该化合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,化合物对BSA内源荧光的猝灭为静态猝灭;化合物与BSA的结合常数(Ka)和结合位点数(n)在298 K时分别是7.043 7×102L/mol和0.970 3,化合物与BSA以接近1∶1(物质的量比)的比例生成基态复合物;热力学数据表明化合物与BSA主要以疏水作用力相结合(ΔH0,ΔS0,ΔG0);结合距离(r)为3.49 nm,表明化合物与BSA分子之间发生了非辐射能量转移。     

厄他培南钠的合成研究

以(2S,4S)-2-[(3-羟基羰基)苯基]-氨基甲酰基吡咯烷-4-基巯醇(1)与(4R,5S,6S,8R)-3-[(二苯氧膦酰)氧]-6-(1-羟乙基)-4-甲基-7-氧-1-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚-2-烯-2-羧酸-(4-硝基苯基)甲酯(2)为原料,经缩合、脱保护、树脂纯化制备了公斤级厄他培南钠(4)的。总收率61.5%,纯度99.4%。     

硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并(口恶)嗪-6-羧酸的合成

以4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸为原料,经酯化、醚化、还原合环、硝化、水解等5步反应,合成了两个未见文献报导的化合物7-硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并(口恶)嗪-6-羧酸和8-硝基-3-氧-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,4]苯并(口恶)嗪-6-羧酸,其结构经IR、LC/MS、1HNMR和元素分析确证.     

Hydroxamic Acid Content and Toxicity of Rye at Selected Growth Stages

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important cover crop that provides many benefits to cropping systems including weed and pest suppression resulting from allelopathic substances. Hydroxamic acids have been identified as allelopathic compounds in rye. This research was conducted to improve the methodology for quantifying hydroxamic acids and to determine the relationship between hydroxamic acid content and phytotoxicity of extracts of rye root and shoot tissue harvested at selected growth stages. Detection limits for an LC/MS-MS method for analysis of hydroxamic acids from crude aqueous extracts were better than have been reported previously. (2R)-2-β-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA-G), 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA), benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), and the methoxy-substituted form of these compounds, (2R)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA glucose), 2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA), were all detected in rye tissue. DIBOA and BOA were prevalent in shoot tissue, whereas the methoxy-substituted compounds, DIMBOA glucose and MBOA, were prevalent in root tissue. Total hydroxamic acid concentration in rye tissue generally declined with age. Aqueous crude extracts of rye shoot tissue were more toxic than extracts of root tissue to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root length. Extracts of rye seedlings (Feekes growth stage 2) were most phytotoxic, but there was no pattern to the phytotoxicity of extracts of rye sampled at growth stages 4 to 10.5.4, and no correlation of hydroxamic acid content and phytotoxicity (I₅₀ values). Analysis of dose–response model slope coefficients indicated a lack of parallelism among models for rye extracts from different growth stages, suggesting that phytotoxicity may be attributed to compounds with different modes of action at different stages. Hydroxamic acids may account for the phytoxicity of extracts derived from rye at early growth stages, but other compounds are probably responsible in later growth stages.     

Modifications of carbon for polymer composites and nanocomposites

The various forms of carbon used in composite preparation include mainly carbon-black, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, graphite and fullerenes. This review presents a detailed literature survey on the various modifications of the carbon nanostructures for nanocomposite preparation focusing upon the works published in the last decade. The modifications of each form of carbon are considered, with a compilation of structure-property relationships of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites. Modifications in both bulk and surface modifications have been reviewed, with comparison of their mechanical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties. A synopsis of the applications of these advanced materials is presented, pointing out gaps to motivate potential research in this field.     

Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for advanced polymer nanocomposites: A comparison study between CNT and graphene

The allotropes of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene) are the most unique and promising substances of the last decade. Due to their nanoscale diameter and high aspect ratio, a small amount of these nanomaterials can produce a dramatic improvement in the properties of their composite materials. Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene exhibit numerous extraordinary properties, their reported commercialization is still limited due to their bundle and layer forming behavior. Functionalization of CNTs and graphene is essential for achieving their outstanding mechanical, electrical and biological functions and enhancing their dispersion in polymer matrices. A considerable portion of the recent publications on CNTs and graphene have focused on enhancing their dispersion and solubilization using covalent and non-covalent functionalization methods. This review article collectively introduces a variety of reactions (e.g. click chemistry, radical polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, dendritic polymers, block copolymers, etc.) for functionalization of CNTs and graphene and fabrication of their polymer nanocomposites. A critical comparison between CNTs and graphene has focused on the significance of different functionalization approaches on their composite properties. In particular, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal behaviors of functionalized nanomaterials as well as their importance in the preparation of advanced hybrid materials for structures, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, drug delivery, etc. have been discussed thoroughly.