一种基于移动IPv6的自适应主动预测邻居切换机制

现有的移动IPv6切换机制依然存在切换时延在,分组丢失等问题。移动IPv6切换的关键问题是移动检测,本文提出了一种自适应主动预测邻居切换移动IPv6切换机制,采用主动自适应预测算法,根据网络和移动主机的运动状态智能的预测主机的切换,实现快速平滑切换。实验结果表明,该机制大大减少了切换时延和切换次数,提高了系统的切换性能,保证了网络的QoS。     

移动WiMAX的切换机制

实现链路的无缝切换是支持移动网络的关键技术。为了使切换过程中的包丢失和包延迟最小,对IEEE802.16e标准中规定的移动宽带无线接入系统的切换过程进行研究。针对WiMAX网络体系结构中的系统内切换、系统间切换以及实现端到端QoS保证的切换3种主要切换方式,介绍相应的切换机制,描述主要切换流程,并给出改进机制和最新研究成果。     

基于PMIPv6的移动网络快速切换方案

针对移动网络应用在代理移动IPv6域中存在切换时延大并且缺乏对域间切换有效支持的问题,提出一种基于PMIPv6的移动网络快速切换方案。该方案通过结合二层机制在移动节点完成注册之前进行预切换,提前获取节点信息,建立缓存数据转发隧道,利用扩展的信令消息进行不同域间实体的交互,实现对域间切换的有效支持,并引入双重缓存机制,避免了切换过程中的分组丢失。分析和仿真结果表明,本方案相对传统机制,降低了系统切换时延。     

基于QoS上下文转移的移动IPv6无缝切换方案

利用移动IPv6快速切换的特点和上下文切换技术相结合，综合快速切换和层次化移动管理的优势，通过对移动IPv6快速切换模型和信令交互的修改，以及对邻居发现协议的扩展，提出一套基于移动IPv6的服务质量上下文转移方案QoSCT．该方案引入功能实体切换指示节点（HDP），搜索最适合的接入路由器并指导相应邻接路由器传递实时业务流的QoS上下文；利用快速切换方案的链路层触发机制作为上下文切换的触发点，在移动节点完成切换的同时完成QoS上下文的转换，避免了移动节点盲目切换和资源浪费．理论分析和仿真试验表明，QoSCT方案可以显著降低实时业务切换时的延迟抖动，实现移动节点的无缝切换．     

一种基于双路候选的IPv6切换机制

IPv6的出现为有QoS要求下移动IP中的切换问题提供了新的途径。提出一种基于双路候选并利用RSVP的移动ipv6切换方式。该方式通过建立直接从相应节点（CN）到家乡代理（HA）或是到移动节点（MT）的RSVP会话,解决了移动IP中的三角路由问题并保证QoS的要求。     

基于PMIPv6协议的QoS上下文转移方案

在IETF的NetLMM（Network-based Localized Mobility Management）工作组中,Proxy Mobile IPv6（PMIPv6）由于不需要移动节点对IP移动性的支持而引起人们的关注。基于PMIPv6框架,提出一种新的QoS上下文转移解决方案。它的优点是在移动节点执行切换的同时为实时应用提供服务质量保证。采用这种方法可以减少移动节点切换后重新发起信令建立QoS转发处理所带来的延时,减少了移动节点会话的QoS服务中断。理论分析和仿真实验表明,本方案可以显著降低实时业务切换时的延迟和开销,并且有较低的丢包率,实现了移动节点的平滑切换。     

基于切换的MIPv6 over MPLS的QoS机制研究*

为了缩短移动节点切换引起的通信中断时间,减少切换对服务质量（QoS）的影响,以MIPv6 over MPLS的框架结构为基础,给出了一种基于切换的QoS方案,为移动节点切换提供有效的QoS保证。     

一种针对乒乓移动节点的QoS快速无缝切换机制

本文在分层移动IPv6框架下对节点的乒乓式移动进行了研究,提出了一种与分层框架相吻合的快速无缝切换机制.该机制通过设置资源预留激活标记和离线倒计时,有效地减少了QoS切换信令并降低了切换时延,从而降低了网络传输负担和用户服务中断概率.移动节点可根据自身移动特性设置适当的离线倒计时间隔,以使多个邻近区域内的资源预留能 获得更好的性价比.     

联合无线资源管理技术的改进型垂直切换算法

针对移动主机在垂直切换过程中无线资源的合理分配问题,基于通用移动通信系统(UMTS)和无线局域网(WLAN)构建的无线异构网络环境,按照不同业务的服务质量(QoS)优先级,提出一种联合带宽借用、负载均衡机制的新型垂直切换算法;建立基于Matlab的性能评估仿真平台,对新呼阻塞率、掉话率进行分析。结果表明,该算法可以在维持较小阻塞率的情况下,有效减少掉话率,保证QoS需求高的话音业务取得很好的服务质量。     

一种有效的移动IP自适应主动预测邻居切换机制

现有的移动IP切换机制存在切换时延大,分组易丢失,安全性差等问题。该文从移动IP切换的关键问题移动检测出发,提出并实现了一种有效的自适应主动预测邻居移动IP切换机制,运用主动自适应预测算法,根据网络和移动主机的运动状态动态智能地预测移动主机的切换,实现快速平滑切换。仿真结果表明,该策略与现有机制相比,极大地减少了切换时延和切换次数,保证分组按时到达,提高了系统的切换性能,保证了系统的QoS。      

Simulation studies of the effects of user mobility on the handoff performance of mobile communications

The performance of soft handoffs of code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication systems is determined by several factors. Due to the importance of handoffs in mobile communications, several handoff methods have been proposed and evaluated through computer simulations. However, the credibility of simulation results depends on the objectivity of the assumptions made by the simulations. This paper presents a new soft handoff method that controls handoff drop timer based on a mobile station’s speed, and compares it with the current method of CDMA systems. A computer program has been developed to simulate the handoff methods under a variety of conditions. The simulation results showed that the new method is much more efficient for mobile stations that are free in their moving direction and space than for those restricted in their moving direction and space. In addition, the results showed that even the same handoff method may produce different simulation results depending on whether a service area is modeled as two-dimensional space or three-dimensional space. These results indicate the importance of suitable models of user mobility, especially the movement types and space allowed for mobile stations, which have been neglected in simulation studies of mobile communications.     

异构分层无线网络中基于业务QoS保证的切换策略研究

针对异构分层无线网络提出了一种保证业务QoS的切换策略。该策略在层间呼叫双向溢出基础上,为实时业务切换设置了保护信道,为非实时业务切换设置了缓冲队列。为了进一步降低实时业务切换的掉线率,还使用了信道侵占技术,原理是实时业务切换呼叫可以侵占数据业务正在使用的信道资源。仿真结果表明,提出的切换方法能够显著降低各类切换业务的掉线率,同时整个异构分层系统的信道利用率也略有提高。     

Dynamically adaptive channel reservation scheme for cellular networks

In personal communications networks (PCN) supporting network-wide handoffs, new and handoff requests compete for connection resources in both mobile and backbone networks. Forced call terminations due to handoff call blocking are generally more objectionable than new call blocking. In general, most of the previously proposed schemes for radio channel allocation in cellular networks reduce handoff call blocking probability substantially at the expense of increasing the new call blocking probability by giving higher priority to handoff calls over new calls in admission control. This reduces the total admitted traffic and results in inefficient utilization of wireless channels. The tradeoff between the new and handoff calls blocking probabilities should be defined on importance basis. In this paper, we propose a performance metric equation that makes a trade off between the two probabilities depending on the network preferences. Using this equation, we study the performance of various proposed channel reservation schemes. Also in this paper, a new dynamically adaptive channel reservation scheme (DACRS) is developed and compared with other schemes proposed in the literature. The DACRS assigns handoff-reserved channels to new calls depending on the locality principle in which the base station with the help of location estimation algorithms in the mobile location center predicts the position of the mobile terminal. Eventually, the DACRS is designed to improve channel utilization while satisfying the QoS of the calls. As will be shown analytically and through simulation, the DACRS outperforms current reservation schemes and results in more statistical gain, and powerful channel utilization.     

一种无线异构网络的自适应垂直切换算法

针对移动节点在异构网络间切换性能不理想的问题,提出了一种自适应主动预测的垂直切换算法。采用一种面向当前应用程序的代价函数对可接入网络进行评估与选择;根据稳定周期、移动节点的运动速度及所处位置来自动调整切换执行时间,使移动节点能自适应地进行切换判决。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地减少切换延迟、分组丢失及切换次数,提高系统的切换性能,改善业务的QoS。     

Analytical modeling for spectrum handoff decision in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology used to significantly improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. Although some spectrum bands in the primary user’s licensed spectrum are intensively used, most of the spectrum bands remain underutilized. The introduction of open spectrum and dynamic spectrum access lets the secondary (unlicensed) users, supported by cognitive radios; opportunistically utilize the unused spectrum bands. However, if a primary user returns to a band occupied by a secondary user, the occupied spectrum band is vacated immediately by handing off the secondary user’s call to another idle spectrum band. Multiple spectrum handoffs can severely degrade quality of service (QoS) for the interrupted users. To avoid multiple handoffs, when a licensed primary user appears at the engaged licensed band utilized by a secondary user, an effective spectrum handoff procedure should be initiated to maintain a required level of QoS for secondary users. In other words, it enables the channel clearing while searching for target vacant channel(s) for completing unfinished transmission. This paper proposes prioritized proactive spectrum handoff decision schemes to reduce the handoff delay and the total service time. The proposed schemes have been modeled using a preemptive resume priority (PRP) M/G/1 queue to give a high priority to interrupted users to resume their transmission ahead of any other uninterrupted secondary user. The performance of proposed handoff schemes has been evaluated and compared against the existing spectrum handoff schemes. Experimental results show that the schemes developed here outperform the existing schemes in terms of average handoff delay and total service time under various traffic arrival rates as well as service rates.     

Markov-based vertical handoff decision algorithms in heterogeneous wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a received signal strength (RSS)-based single-attribute handoff decision algorithm at first, and investigate handoff decision model based on connection lifetime, which can keep mobile terminals (MTs) staying long enough in the preferred network. Since the preferred quality of service (QoS) parameters may be distinct among different MTs, we then formulate the vertical handoff decision problem as a Markov decision process, with the objectives of maximizing the expected total reward and minimizing average number of handoffs. A reward function is constructed to assess the QoS during each connection, and the G1 and entropy methods are applied in an iterative way, by which we can work out a stationary deterministic handoff decision policy. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed schemes compared with other existing algorithms.     

Context-aware handoff middleware for transparent service continuity in wireless networks

Advances in wireless networking and content delivery are enabling new challenging provisioning scenarios where a growing number of users access continuous services, e.g., audio/video streaming, while moving among different points of attachment to the Internet, possibly with different connectivity technologies, e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular 3G. That calls for novel middlewares capable of dynamically personalizing service provisioning to the characteristics of client environments, in particular to discontinuities in wireless resource availability due to handoffs. The paper proposes a novel middleware solution, called Mobile agent-based Ubiquitous multimedia Middleware (MUM), that performs effective and context-aware handoff management to transparently avoid service interruptions during both horizontal and vertical handoffs. MUM exploits the full visibility of wireless connections available and their handoff implementations (handoff awareness), of service quality requirements and handoff-related quality degradations (QoS awareness), and of network topology and local resource availability (location awareness); that visibility enables MUM to provide original solutions for handoff prediction, multimedia continuity via adaptive data buffering/pre-fetching, and proactive re-addressing/rebinding.     

重叠小区中移动IP切换算法的研究

首先简要介绍了MobileIP并分析了MobileIP的各种切换算法,然后通过仿真研究了重叠小区内结合链路层检测信息的积极和消极切换算法的性能,通过对仿真结果的分析,当移动节点进行慢速往返移动时,宜采用结合链路层检测的积极切换算法;而当移动节点往返移动的速度较高时,结合链路层检测的消极切换算法能提供更高的性能。     

Mobility management in ubiquitous environments

Ubiquitous computing is aiming at providing users with intelligent human-centric context-aware services at anytime anywhere. However, mobility increases dynamism and uncertainty conditions. This study therefore explores the management and uses of various contexts for automatically providing appropriate services to individual users. This issue is explored from an open framework perspective referred to as ubiquitous gate (U-gate). In this framework, a distributed context management architecture and a communication model based on standard protocols are proposed. To fit user requirements and to achieve complete mobility management, a context-aware path planning mechanism (UbiPaPaGo) and a context-aware handoff mechanism (UbiHandoff) are proposed based on context stored in an open and distributed context management server U-gate. Based on the path planning results of UbiPaPaGo, UbiHandoff derives a minimum access point (AP) handoff plan that satisfies multiple QoS requirements for individual users and services. The UbiHandoff mechanism includes multiple-attribute decision making method (MADM)–based handoff planning, referred to as MADM-based UbiHandoff, and genetic algorithm (GA)–based handoff planning, referred to as GA-based UbiHandoff. In the proposed MADM-based UbiHandoff, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) provide efficient and seamless AP handoff to gain higher QoS performance. In GA-based UbiHandoff, genetic algorithm is employed to minimize handoff by finding appropriate APs along the path under QoS constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms is evaluated through simulations. Numerical results demonstrate that both mechanisms minimize handoffs and ensure compliance with QoS requirements.