金属纳米块体材料制备加工技术和应用

综述了国内外块状纳米材料的制备技术进展及存在的问题,提出了超短时脉冲电流直接晶化法和深过冷直接晶化法两类潜在的块状金属纳米晶制备技术,并对今后的研究及发展前景进行了展望。同时对大块纳米材料的性能特点及应用前景做了展望。     

脉冲电沉积法制备纳米材料的研究进展

纳米材料具有特殊的磁性、光学、力学、电学、电化学催化等性能,而脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米材料方面应用广泛且优点多.着重列举了脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米晶材料、纳米复合材料、纳米析氢材料、纳米金属薄膜及纳米金属多层膜、纳米线材料等方面的应用,总结了纳米材料的一些特点,展望了脉冲电沉积技术制备纳米材料的前景.     

直接氧化法制备准一维氧化物纳米材料的研究进展

准一维氧化物纳米材料因其独特的光学性能、电学性能及几何结构而成为当前纳米材料研究领域的热点和重点.论述了直接氧化法制备准一维氧化物纳米材料原理,着重介绍了这一方法在准一维氧化物纳米材料制备中的应用,并对其前景作了简要的展望.     

光催化纳米材料的微生物法制备及其研究进展

光催化纳米材料是指能直接将太阳能转化为化学能来进行催化的纳米材料。因能直接利用太阳能这一特性,光催化纳米材料成为了缓解能源短缺和环境污染最有潜力的一类材料。光催化纳米材料的制备方法多种多样,其中,微生物制备法是利用微生物生长代谢合成光催化纳米材料,因微生物生长周期短、反应条件简单、无二次污染、节能环保等优点,成为现今极具发展潜力的、绿色环保的制备方法。对此研究者们进行了大量的研究探索。结合了近十年来有关微生物法制备光催化纳米材料的研究文献,介绍了用微生物法合成的各种纳米光催化材料,包括金属单质、硫族金属化合物、金属氧化物、复合材料及其它。重点阐述了光催化纳米材料的微生物制备过程及机理,介绍了各种光催化纳米材料的应用及光催化机理,最后,对光催化技术和微生物制备未来的研究进行了展望。     

超临界CO2流体中制备纳米材料的研究进展

重点介绍了以超临界CO2流体为介质制备纳米材料的方法、原理及其研究进展。以超临界CO2流体为溶剂或反溶剂制备纳米材料的方法有超临界快速膨胀法、超临界辅助雾化法、超临界反溶剂法;以超临界CO2流体为反应物制备纳米材料的方法有超临界微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶超临界干燥法。对这些方法制备的纳米材料的特点进行了分析,并对超临界CO2流体技术在纳米材料制备中的应用前景进行展望。     

块体纳米材料的制备技术与进展

块体纳米材料的制备技术是当前纳米材料领域内的一个热点.详细介绍了块体纳米材料的制备技术进展、应用及特点,对今后的研究及发展前景进行了展望.     

氧化锌一维纳米材料合成技术研究进展

对ZnO一维纳米材料制备技术的研究进展作了综述,根据制备过程的相态将制备方法分为液相法、固相法和气相法。对各制备方法的特点进行了归纳总结和评述,对ZnO一维纳米材料的发展趋势做了展望,也介绍了本课题组的工作。     

氧化锌一维纳米材料合成技术研究进展

对ZnO一维纳米材料制备技术的研究进展作了综述,根据制备过程的相态将制备方法分为液相法、固相法和气相法。对各制备方法的特点进行了归纳总结和评述,对ZnO一维纳米材料的发展趋势做了展望,也介绍了本课题组的工作。     

晶化法制备的纳米晶材料的研究现状

介绍了非晶合金晶化法制备纳米晶材料的各种工艺过程和特点，综述了该法的影响因素、机理等方面的现今研究成果，对该法的发展及应用前景作了展望。     

硼氮纳米材料的研究进展

介绍了BN纳米材料的研究进展、纳米材料的结构和制备技术发展状况,详细阐述了电孤放电、激光烧蚀、机械球磨、碳热法和化学反应法等多种制备方法,并展望了BN纳米材料的发展前景.     

电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的研究进展

综述了电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的原理;阐述了电流密度、电流波形、有机添加剂等工艺参数对沉积层晶粒尺寸的影响;介绍了直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积、喷射电沉积和复合电沉积等几种常见的电沉积方法;概述了电沉积法制备块体纳米晶材料的国内外研究现状;探讨了电沉积块体纳米晶材料的力学性能、磁学性能、耐蚀性能、热稳定性及其应用前景.     

直接晶化法制备块状纳米材料的探索──Ⅰ脉冲电流作用下无序金属介质的成核理论

利用经典热力学和连续介质电动力学理论计算了脉冲电流作用下无序介质（包括金属熔体和非晶态金属）的成核率．结果表明：对于无序介质的晶化过程，随脉冲电流密度增加，形核率成指数增大；超短时脉冲有可能使熔体直接冷凝成大块纳米晶材料，并能限制已经形成的纳米晶粒的长大．     

Preparation of nano-structured pure rare-earth bulks by combining inert-gas condensation with SPS

A number of techniques have been developed to synthesize nanocrystalline bulk materials,including inert-gas condensation and consolidation,electrodeposition,severe plastic deformation,crystallization of amorphous solid,surface mechanical attrition,and powder metallurgy.However,it is hard to produce the bulk with controllable nanostructures,especially with the grain sizes controllable in a wide range below 100 nm.In the conventional powder metallurgy,due to the fact that rapid coarsening of the particles ...     

Structural nanocrystalline materials: an overview

This paper presents a brief overview of the field of structural nanocrystalline materials. These are materials in either bulk, coating, or thin film form whose function is for structural applications. The major processing methods for production of bulk nanocrystalline materials are reviewed. These methods include inert gas condensation, chemical reaction methods, electrodeposition, mechanical attrition, and severe plastic deformation. The stability of the nanocrystalline microstructure is discussed in terms of strategies for retardation of grain growth. Selected mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are described; specifically strength and ductility. Corrosion resistance is briefly addressed. Examples of present or potential applications for structural nanocrystalline materials are given.     

Phase transformations and phase stability in nanocrystalline materials

The current state of the researches on diffusionless phase transformations, including allotropic, polymorphous and martensitic transformations, and phase stability are reviewed. The behaviors of phase transformation and phase stability in nanocrystalline materials are markedly affected by the non-equilibrium conditions involved in their preparation, as a result, in this review an ideal demonstrating method of critical size for the stability of a high-temperature phase at low-temperatures is suggested, and the intrinsic conditions of the phase stability are clarified. Our recent experiments exhibit that the reversal transformation temperatures of low-temperature phases in nanocrystalline Co bulk metal and Fe–30Ni wt% alloy are significantly raised up over 800 °C when their grain sizes are smaller than about 15 nm, while in the reported experiments of nanocrystalline particles or films the reversal transformation temperature lowers with decreasing grain size or is independent of grain size. Therefore, the author suggests that more experiments and theories for phase stability in reversal transformation should be performed. The study of grain growth kinetics of nanocrystalline materials, as a basic of investigating phase stability, is another attention aspect.     

表面态对纳米晶BaTiO3介电性能的影响

采用硬脂酸凝胶法制备了粒度均匀的纳米晶BaTiO3，用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征，研究了表面态与介电性能。结果表明，BaTiO3纳米材料表面的不完整性主要是氧空位造成的，暴露在粒子表面的是一些金属离子，随着晶粒尺寸的减小，氧空位缺陷的浓度增加，极化增强，纳米材料的这种表面状态对其介电性能有重要影响，使其静态介电常数远比常规材料的大。     

Recycling of titanium machining chips by severe plastic deformation consolidation

It has been demonstrated that severe plastic deformation (SPD) can be used to consolidate particles of a wide range of sizes from nano to micro into fully dense bulk material with good mechanical properties. SPD consolidation allows processing to be conducted at much lower temperatures and is therefore suitable for particles with highly metastable structures such as nanocrystalline. It is especially useful in the fabrication of multiphase materials including metal matrix nanocomposites. In this investigation, SPD consolidation was applied to recycle Ti machining chips. In particular, the as-received chips were consolidated by equal channel angular pressing at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C with the application of a back pressure from 50 to 200 MPa. Fully dense bulk Ti with fine grain sizes was produced, possessing strength comparable or higher than that of commercially pure wrought Ti. It is concluded that SPD consolidation is a promising method for recycling and value-adding of Ti chips.     

全致密镝纳米晶块体材料的制备及其结构和磁性研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了全致密镝纳米晶块体材料,研究晶粒尺寸对其结构和磁性的影响。显微组织分析发现,在573K和773K的烧结条件下,材料的平均晶粒尺寸分别为10nm和100nm左右,晶体结构分析发现,镝纳米晶块体是与原始粗晶镝一样的密排六方结构晶体,磁性能测试结果表明,随着平均晶粒尺寸的下降,样品的奈尔温度（T_N）逐渐降低,而居里温度（T_C）则先降低后升高,在5K温度和9T磁场下,平均晶粒尺寸10nm的镝块体材料比粗晶镝的磁化强度降低了3.35%,矫顽力则增加了3倍。     

The evolution of porosity in bulk nanocrystalline materials during plastic deformation and its effect on the mechanical behavior

Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to completely understand the evolution of porosity in porous bulk nanocrystalline materials, and a new evolution law of porosity under uniaxial compression was proposed. Based on the energy principle, we built a mechanical model to calculate the overall mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline materials. The comparison between predicted results and the corresponding experimental data indicates that the established model is capable of describing the plastic mechanical behaviors of porous nanocrystalline materials.     

铝基非晶合金防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究进展

Al基非晶合金具有优异的防腐蚀耐磨损性能.综述了Al基非晶合金由热处理和变形处理引起的晶化,介绍了Al基非晶合金材料防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究现状,指出Al基非晶合金在控制非晶纳米晶比例、提高该非晶纳米晶涂层中非晶含量的研究动态,展望了Al基非晶合金材料在海洋装备防护等领域的运用价值.