亚行项目融资渠道及管理程序

亚行贷款项目融资是我国利用外资的资源主要渠道之一。本文简要介绍了亚行融资项目的类型、融资渠道和对亚行内部项目管理程序。     

亚行贷款水利工程技援阶段经济分析与控制

文章以松花江防洪管理项目为例。阐述了亚行在技术援助阶段选择项目的“整体性”观点、经济分析结论与亚行贷款宗旨的关系；强调了成本回收机制对保障项目实现预期收益的重要作用以及对亚行决策所产生的影响。以项目生命周期为例，指出了。监测与控制”是内资与外资项目管理的本质区别。     

安徽省近期水利引用外资工作思考

本文在论述分析了安徽省水利引用外资形势的基础上.升近期水利引用外资的指导思想、目标和工作任务进行了探讨和分析.     

水利建设利用信贷资金的现状和对策研究

在财政资金投入不足、社会资金投入有限的条件下,需要加强银行的金融支持,发挥贷款解决水利投入不足问题的重要作用。针对水利建设利用信贷资金方面存在的问题。从优化水利贷款政策环境、提高公共资金使用效率、金融创新等角度提出水利建设利用信贷资金的对策。     

大中型水利工程建设地方配套资金筹集方法探讨

目前大中型水利工程投资主要由中央专项资金、省财政资金及市县配套资金三部分组成.如何保证工程建设资金特别是地方配套资金足额到位,已成为制约工程能否完工的关键问题.临沂市在近几年大中型水利工程的建设实践中,积极研究、探讨配套资金的筹措方式,主要包括：财政支持、水利规费补助、受益乡镇分担、优惠政策筹资、地方政府综合协调捆绑使用基建投资、市场融资和政府贷款等,取得了一些成效。     

亚行贷款项目国际咨询服务的采购程序及问题处理

国际咨询服务采购是每一个亚行融资项目的一项重要内容,本文以亚行贷款松花江洪水管理项目为例,对亚行贷款项目国际咨询服务的类型与内容、采购方式、采购程序及所遇问题的处理做了介绍,以期供其他亚行贷款项目管理参考。     

如何加强水电部队项目资金管理

项目部资金作为水电部队货币资金的重要组成部分，如疏于管理，则可能出现资金流失，造成成本，费用失控等现象。因此，加强各项目部的资金管理是水电部队资金管理工作的重要内容，必须采取切实可行的措施，如；加强项目资金帐户的审查，实行开户许可证制度；明确项目资金负责人，建立岗位责任制；实行项目资金预算制度；健全内部控制制度，完善内部监督管理，确保上级财务部门对项目资金的统一调度权；加大上级财务部门对项目资金必要的稽核权等。只有这样，才能确保水电部队资金的安全运行。     

Sustainable sanitation and water in small urban centres.

The objective of this paper is to review the global trends in urbanization with respect to availability of adequate sanitation and water supply services. Urbanization is unrelenting and rapid increase in the urban population in the less developed countries is of major global concern regarding this topic of sustainable sanitation and water. Most global urban growth is in the smaller cities and in the developing world. Half the urban developing world lacks adequate water and sanitation. Global urban access to waterborne sanitation is not affordable and thus is not a realistic option so alternative approaches are necessary. The treatment of drinking water cannot be a substitute for sanitation. In order to achieve sustainable sanitation, a change in attitude about human excreta and use of water is required. Essential features of a sustainable sanitation system are: containment, sanitisation and recycling. To improve water supply, we need to improve management practices, use full-cost pricing, introduce watershed approaches to protection and provide improved sanitation. Small urban initiatives need to go beyond the traditional sectors and new initiatives are required like on-site urban ecostations, source-separation of urine and faeces, decentralised greywater treatment and integration of sanitation into the cost of housing.     

南京江北地区原水系统整合方案研究

针对南京江北地区缺乏应急水源、常规水源存在缺口、各水厂供水分区管网缺少互联互通等情况进行分析,提出就近取水和水源合并方案并进行比较,最终选择水源合并方案,水源整合后形成两源四厂的供水格局,实现了统筹常态、兼顾应急的整体布局,更好的适应长三角一体化的发展,实现了区域内资源的集聚和共享,推出了平战结合的供水系统运行方式,同时推动了江北地区4座水厂之间互联互通的实现,提高了输配水能力和供水安全性.     

User participation and implementation strategies in water and sanitation projects

The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade has focused attention on the urgent need for water and sanitation in the developing world. However, an alarming number of existing systems, in some countries one third to one half, are broken down or not working. Non‐participation by the users has been singled out as a major cause of this high rate of project failure, and increasingly donor agencies and local governments are insisting that the intended beneficiaries be involved in projects. This study analyses user participation in a variety of water supply and sani‐tation projects in Africa, Asia and Central America. The common key factors which have resulted in some very successful projects are identified and suggestions made on how to implement a user participatory project.     

南京江宁区水生态文明城市建设试点的探索与思考

2013年10月江宁区被列为江苏省18个省级水生态文明城市建设试点之一,于2018年12月通过了江苏省水利厅组织的试点验收。本文总结了江宁区水生态文明城市建设组织制度保障情况、重点任务和工作目标完成情况,其经验可为其他地区建设水生态文明城市提供参考。     

水电工程建设项目施工阶段投资控制

水电工程一般具有规模大、工期长、技术复杂、投资大、影响因素多等特点,从而增加了水电工程实施阶段的投资风险,在施工阶段工程投资突破批复概算现象时有发生.文章介绍投资人、项目建设单位、设计单位和监理单位在项目实施阶段投资控制的方法.     

Development aid and access to water and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper compares countries’ performance in the water and sanitation sector and analyzes how effectively they used the development aid targeted for this sector. These analyses are validated by presentation of the water and sanitation situation of four case-study countries: Kenya, Madagascar, Burkina Faso and Uganda. The paper also utilizes the innovative Watsan Index of Development Effectiveness, which compares drivers of progress with results achieved and ranks African countries by the level of outcome obtained per unit of available input in the four case-study countries.     

政策性资金在水务改革中的角色

近年来中国水务市场改革中政策性资金的角色已经发生了转换.政策性资金的重要性不容置疑,政府主管部门、投资人群体及相关从业人员应大力开发金融工具,加大对政策性资金的研究和使用力度.     

Economic viability and critical influencing factors assessment of black water and grey water source-separation sanitation system

The black water and grey water source-separation sanitation system aims at efficient use of energy (biogas), water and nutrients but currently lacks evidence of economic viability to be considered a credible alternative to the conventional system. This study intends to demonstrate economic viability, identify main cost contributors and assess critical influencing factors. A technico-economic model was built based on a new neighbourhood in a Canadian context. Three implementation scales of source-separation system are defined: 500, 5,000 and 50,000 inhabitants. The results show that the source-separation system is 33% to 118% more costly than the conventional system, with the larger cost differential obtained by lower source-separation system implementation scales. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that vacuum toilet flow reduction from 1.0 to 0.25 L/flush decreases source-separation system cost between 23 and 27%. It also shows that high resource costs can be beneficial or unfavourable to the source-separation system depending on whether the vacuum toilet flow is low or normal. Therefore, the future of this configuration of the source-separation system lies mainly in vacuum toilet flow reduction or the introduction of new efficient effluent volume reduction processes (e.g. reverse osmosis).     

Decision-making criteria and indicators for water and sanitation projects in developing countries

Water and sanitation projects for solving the needs of small communities in developing countries are complex in nature and involve complex decision-making, which must consider technical, socioeconomic and environmental dimensions. Multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a suitable decision-aid method that scores a finite number of options on the basis of a set of evaluation criteria. The main challenge in MCA is choosing the appropriate criteria and evaluation indicators to use for assessment. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive and wide list of criteria and evaluation indicators as a guideline in MCA of water and basic sanitation projects in small rural communities of developing countries. First, the paper details the general criteria to be considered in all the projects, which are classified in to 4 main groups: technical (e.g., local resources use, appropriate management); social (e.g., local community participation, overcoming discrimination of conflict); economic (e.g., low cost, employment of local staff) and environmental criteria (e.g., atmospheric emissions, water pollution). Then, it describes technical criteria to be additionally considered in each specific type of project: water supply (e.g., water needs, independent access), water treatment (e.g., constant resource availability, flexibility of use for different types of water) and basic sanitation projects (e.g., maximum number of people per system, effluent quality).     

浅论建筑工程施工承包的资金管理和成本控制

探讨在建筑工程施工承包过程中，资金筹集的各种方式，通过对资金流动计划的编制和分析，达到合理运用资金和工程成本控制的目的。     

Design criteria for semi-central sanitation with low pressure network and membrane bioreactor-the ENREM project.

MBR-technology is able to fulfil similar or even higher standard for nutrients removal than conventional activated sludge processes. This paper presents the optimisation of the membrane bioreactor technology, together with a low pressure sewer, to equip a remote and yet unsewered area of Berlin requiring high quality wastewater treatment. The hydraulic flow pattern of the entire system has to be studied carefully due to the small collection system (no time delay between wastewater discharge and treatment to minimise the daily profile). The pollutant concentrations in the wastewater exhibit also stronger variations. In order to flatten out the hydraulic and load profile, and therefore to reduce the size of the biological reactor and the membrane surface, a buffer tank was installed before the MBR-plant. A full analysis of the influent hydraulic flow and wastewater characterisation is provided for the demonstration MBR-plant.     

价值工程在水利工程设计中的应用

一项优秀的工程设计,在满足设计规范要求的同时,亦满足功能性和经济性的要求。价值工程的应用,就是使其设计产品的功能性和经济性相联系。从国内外水利工程实例分析结果来看,价值工程的应用既保证了工程最大功能的发挥,又有效合理地控制了工程造价,实现了水利资源的合理配置。