运动轨迹对行人导航定位误差的影响

基于零速修正的行人导航算法是采用MEMS惯性传感器实现自主导航的高精度算法之一,航向角误差是影响定位精度的最大因素。目前评价行人导航系统精度的实验轨迹并不统一,而在航向角误差存在时,相同行走距离、不同运动轨迹所产生的定位误差差异较大。针对该问题,分析了不同运动轨迹对定位误差的影响,分别推导了直线、弧形、直线往返、矩形闭合路径下定位误差的数学解析式,不同运动轨迹在理论上的定位误差存在较大差异,据此开展了对应路径的实验研究。结果表明,由解析式计算出的理论轨迹与实验解算得出的轨迹趋势相符合,验证了解析式的正确性。     

信息双向融合的机器人协同导航方法

根据双足机器人足部惯性导航系统与轮式机器人航位递推/同步定位与建图(SLAM)导航系统不同的误差发散特性构建信息双向融合滤波器,即利用双足机器人导航系统中的误差零速修正(ZUPT)方法减少轮式机器人导航系统误差,并利用轮式机器人导航系统中的SLAM算法在一定环境条件下修正双足机器人的定位误差,从而同步提高两类机器人导航系统的定位与航向精度.实验结果表明:导航系统定位误差约为行进距离的2.3％,在室内等卫星导航系统失效的环境中可有效提高机器人群体导航系统的综合导航性能.     

基于改进航向估计的行人航迹推算研究

针对行人室内定位精度不高的问题,提出的算法包括步频估计、步长估计和航向估计.改进的航向估计算法基于四元数姿态解算并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)修正航向角的偏差.基于提出的定位算法,构建了以惯性测量单元为核心的实验平台,结果表明:算法具有可行性,定位的置信度达到98.28%,满足实际需求.     

基于神经网络的多传感器融合PDR定位方法

针对当前行人航位推算系统因行人随意性行走、传感器漂移等造成行人步长估计不精确、方向计算误差累积问题,提出了一种基于神经网络和智能手机内置多传感器融合的PDR室内定位方法.首先利用加速计采集的传感器数据和移动距离数据训练BP神经网络,将训练好的BP神经网络模型进行行人移动距离预测,然后根据行人行走步伐的连续性特点和传感器输出之间的相关性,设计了一种微航向角融合的方向估计算法.该算法通过对行走过程中的情况进行分类以获得可靠的传感器源,利用3种微航向角进行分类加权融合,最终获得行人行走方向的精确估计.实验结果表明,通过行人移动距离预测和微航向角融合算法能够实现得较好的定位效果.     

基于LSTM个性化步长估计的井下人员精准定位PDR算法

针对传统的行人航位推算(PDR)算法由于步长和航向累积误差导致定位精度较低,不能满足井下人员精准定位需求的问题,提出了一种基于长短时间记忆网络(LSTM)个性化步长估计的井下人员精准定位PDR算法。首先采集井下人员运动中的加速度、陀螺仪惯性信息,解算每一步运动距离构建步长数据,通过离线训练获得井下人员个性化步长估计LSTM模型;然后在在线预测阶段通过矿用本安智能手机实时采集加速度、陀螺仪、地磁等井下人员运动数据,分别采用步伐检测算法、个性化步长估计模型获得井下人员运动步伐及每一步的步长,利用卡尔曼滤波融合航向估计算法获得航向角;最后根据步长估计和航向角预测井下人员当前位置。在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市高头窑煤矿采集井下人员运动数据进行试验,结果表明:基于LSTM个性化步长估计的井下人员精准定位PDR算法对井下人员运动中的步伐检测精度为96.5%,步长预测精度为90%;在井下真实环境中的相对定位误差为2.33%,提高了煤矿井下人员定位的精度。     

基于G PS的地图匹配方法的研究与实现

本文讨论了车辆导航系统中GPS实时信息在数字地图上的匹配问题.分析了由于GPS精度误差以及道路网复杂等因素而可能造成直接定位不准确问题,提出了基于GPS实时信息的地图匹配算法,一方面考虑了GPS点的轨迹与道路网的相似性,另一方面也充分利用了GPS数据中有关车辆的实时信息,如航向等,提高了定位的准确性.     

基于DSC与MEMS的微型测姿系统研究

针对当前无人机航姿系统对GPS信息依赖严重的特点,设计了基于MEMS ADIS16405传感器和数字信号处理器（DSC）TMS320F28335的微型惯性测姿系统。以MEMS传感器的角速度、重力加速度、航向信息,建立姿态四元数方程,解算出飞行器姿态。运用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,消除MEMS陀螺漂移误差。DSC28335的硬件平台实现了四元数扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。转台仿真试验表明,漂移误差能在线最优估计和实时补偿,输出的航姿精度较高。该微型测姿系统具有较高的实用价值。     

改进的井下人员定位PDR算法研究

传统的行人航位推算(PDR)算法用于井下人员定位时,因步频检测、步长估计和航向估计阶段的姿态累计误差导致定位误差逐渐增大,而常用的零速校正、航向漂移消除、步态信号优化等误差修正方法无法改变PDR算法的固有缺陷,定位精度有待提高。提出采用改进的峰值检测法实现PDR算法中步频检测,基于深度循环神经网络(RNN)实现步长估计。将改进的PDR算法用于井下人员定位:首先采用手机加速度传感器、陀螺仪、磁力计获取行人运动数据;然后采用改进的峰值检测法获取固定时间间隔内的平均步频,与时间间隔、加速度及加速度方差作为特征输入训练后的深度RNN模型进行步长估计;最后结合估计的航向角预测人员当前位置。试验结果表明,改进的井下人员定位PDR算法对测试集数据的预测相对误差为5.9%,对实际测试路线的定位相对误差为1.6%~3.9%,小于传统PDR算法定位误差,有效提高了井下人员定位精度。     

卫星定位中信号时差估计的算法研究

在三星定位技术中,接收机收到的信号经常掺杂着相关噪声,在相关噪声环境下,卫星信号存在误差.传统的最小均方误差(LMS)时差估计方法已经无法对TDOA(Time difference of arrival)参数进行有效的估计.在研究基于LMS算法的基础上,考虑高斯过程的高阶累积量恒为零,同时结合四阶累积量理论,提出了基于四阶累积量的优化算法(FOC-LMSTDE).通过实验,将优化算法与原算法进行了仿真对比(即分别比较了二者在相关噪声环境下的参数估计性能),优化算法具有稳定,准确的估计性能,优势较为明显.仿真结果表明,用四阶累积量的改进算法能有效克服噪声的相关性,并能够TDOA参数做出较为准确的估计,有效解决了三星定位中相关噪声导致的时差估测不准确问题.     

基于自适应UKF算法的小型水下机器人导航系统

针对海流扰动及姿态、航向误差角引起的无法确知的导航系统模型误差, 设计了一种带模型误差的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波器(Adaptive unscented Kalman filter, AUKF)用于小型水下机器人(Small autonomous underwater vehicle, SAUV)推位导航系统. 首先提出了小型水下机器人三维运动连续时间模型; 然后针对该模型特点, 基于极大后验估值原理推导了AUKF算法. 仿真结果说明该算法能够克服海流扰动及姿态和航向误差引起的模型误差. 对比经典无迹卡尔曼滤波器算法, 采用该算法的小型水下机器人推位导航系统在复杂海况下的滤波精度显著提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.