一种星敏感器安装误差标定模型仿真研究

安装误差对星敏感器姿态确定精度有严重影响,需对其进行有效的标定与补偿。为此提出了一种以星敏感器量测信息为依据的安装误差快速标定模型和方法。该方法通过分析星敏感器输出的姿态信息与安装误差之间耦合关系,建立四位置下星敏感器测量信息及相对位置关系与安装误差的观测模型,在此基础上推导了安装误差标定及补偿算法。仿真表明,该法能够实现对星敏感器安装误差的高精度标定,可有效提高星光天文定姿的精度,对星敏感器的高精度应用具有重要的理论意义和实际参考价值。     

基于多视场星敏感器的姿态确定方法

星敏感器是目前航天器姿态测量精度最高的器件,与传统的单视场星敏感器相比,多视场星敏感器可以实现三轴同样高精度的姿态测量,提高姿态测量精度;针对单视场星敏感器姿态确定问题,推导了以最小代价函数为指标的QUEST姿态确定算法;对于多视场星敏感器,通过坐标变换方法将多个视场的导航星矢量转换到同一视场中,再利用QUEST算法得到航天器姿态;最后仿真结果表明,坐标变换后进行姿态确定得到的姿态数据与单个视场所得的姿态数据相同,验证了方法的正确性。     

组合大视场星敏感器自主定轨方法

在卫星自主轨道确定中,敏感仪器和其使用方法是很关键的问题。如何利用低成本的设备实现高精度自主定轨,足一个值得研究的重要课题。该文提出了一种组合大视场星敏感器自主定轨方法,在该方法中,整个地球在敏感仪器视场范围内,且每个星敏感器能至少观测到星光穿过地球边缘周围附近的一颗恒星。这样既可利用星敏感器的高精度,又可得到观测整个地球边缘附近恒星所需要的大视场;叙述了利用组合大视场星敏感器确定地心的方法;最后运用广义号尔曼滤波算法进行了仿真。考虑到星表、敏感仪器和仪器标定精度,星光大气折射改正以及地球非球形几何改正,其定轨精度估计可达100m～150m．     

星敏感器系统偏差的标定

星敏感器是常用姿态敏感器中测量精度最高的姿态敏感器，但是星敏感器的系统偏差会影响姿态估计精度，因此星敏感器系统偏差的标定成为高精度姿态确定系统必须解决的关键技术。本文结合扫描式有效载荷的成像特点，推导了利用其成像图像中的地标点信息标定星敏感器系统偏差的方法，并且进行数学仿真验证了标定的可行性和有效性。     

大视场数字式太阳敏感器设计

提出了一种新型的大视场数字式太阳敏感器设计方法,其光学系统由全景环形光学镜头和滤光膜组成.该敏感器具有视场大、结构简单及功耗低的特点.从工作原理出发,建立了该敏感器模型,并利用搭建的实验平台,对敏感器进行精度标定.设计中,采用非线性最小均方最优解来确定模型中的参数.对测量误差进行分析,消除系统误差后,敏感器的测量精度由...     

星敏感器技术

80年代初星敏感器技术已经被应用于卫星和航天器的姿态测量和控制系统中;星敏感器技术包括光学、机械、电子线路、软件以及标定和验证实验。目前,其姿态测量精度优于5角秒;发展趋势是小型一体化、低功耗、高精度、输出接口标准化。     

基于STK的卫星星敏感器视场仿真研究

研究卫星无陀螺姿态稳定性优化控制问题,针对在轨星敏感器可能会受到太阳光、月光、地气光等杂散光的干扰,从而降低星敏感器姿态测量精度以及有效姿态率等.首先建立了星敏感器视场遇杂散光的数学模型.为解决上述问题,提出用Satellite Tool Kit(STK)仿真软件进行了杂散光进入星敏感器视场的仿真,并给出了星敏感器遇杂散光的时间段、持续时长等信息.研究方法和仿真结果适用于对任意轨道卫星的星敏感器视场进行杂散光研究,并可用来优化星敏感器在星上的安装方位,对星敏感器的工程设计提供科学指导作用.     

基于精密星敏感器的航天器高精度姿态测量标定方法

为了解决传统航天器姿态测量方法中存在的误差率高的问题,提出基于精密星敏感器的航天器高精度姿态测量标定方法。首先对使用的精密星敏感器进行设计,并将在不影响航天器运行的前提下安装在合适的位置上。通过建立运动坐标系、坐标参数转换和设置姿态参数三个步骤得出航天器运动模型,在该模型下分析出航天器姿态的基本运动规律、利用精密星敏感器识别并选取航天器空间下的任意三个星点,最后综合定位的星点和航天器姿态的运动规律,从不同的角度上确定航天器姿态测量结果,为了提高航天器姿态测量结果的精度进行标定处理。通过模拟实验分析得出结论：与传统测量方法相比,基于精密星敏感器的航天器高精度姿态测量标定方法的平均误差率降低了6.0%。     

高精度星敏感器温度测量系统设计与实现

针对环境温度对高精度星敏感器测量精度的影响,设计了基于FPGA和AD7416的星敏感器温度测量控制系统。以FPGA作为主控制器,通过I2C总线控制温度传感器AD7416采集温度并控制制冷系统对星敏感器进行制冷,使其工作在-20℃-0℃范围内。实验结果表明,该系统测量速度快,测量精度高,提高了星敏感器的成像质量和测量精度,可满足星敏感器系统要求。     

三视场星敏感器系统结构布局的优化

研究了三视场星敏感器的相关坐标系及旋转关系,讨论并给出计算视场内导航星数目的方法,指出优化三视场星敏感器结构布局的依据和途径。通过蒙特卡罗仿真,统计导航星捕获概率,给出了结构布局优化结果。从姿态测量精度、导航星捕获概率、光学系统设计难度方面折中考虑,选择极限星等、视场角和光学系统光轴仰角的最佳参数分别为5.0等、11°×11°和40°,此时捕获4颗以上导航星的概率达到99.43%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.