磁铁矿浮选柱阳离子反浮选试验研究

采用浮选柱阳离子反浮选技术对弓长岭磁铁矿进行了浮选分离研究．通过在实验室浮选柱系统上的试验,优化确定了如下工艺和操作参数：十二胺药剂用量100g／t,循环矿浆压力0．045MPa,矿浆浓度43％,浮选时间7～8min．结果表明,在优化的工艺和操作参数条件下,通过一粗二扫开路流程分选,可得到含铁70．95％的铁精矿,尾矿铁品位可降至20．88％．该技术的研究为我国高质量铁精矿的制备提供了一条新的技术途径．     

硫酸和磷酸对磷块岩反浮选分选指标的影响

以王集磷矿选矿厂正-反浮选工业试验数据为依据,建立了反浮选各单元选别作业的数学模型.模型分析表明,H2SO4和H3PO4的用量对粗选、扫选(Ⅰ)作业的分选指标的影响存在交互效应,扫选(Ⅱ)作业的分选指标与H3PO4用量成线性关系.粗选作业适宜的药剂用量H2SO4为1.70～1.71 kg/t, H3PO4 为3.56～3.68 kg/t;扫选(Ⅰ)作业适宜的药剂用量H2SO4为0.31～0.73 kg/t, H3PO4 为0.30～0.43 kg/t;扫选(Ⅱ)作业中H3PO4的用量应控制在1.40 kg/t左右.     

筛板充填浮选柱的气泡行为及其影响因素

设计并建立了一套筛板充填旋流微泡浮选柱试验研究系统,利用高速动态分析仪研究了清水-空气条件下筛板充填浮选柱内气泡的运动行为及充填筛板附近流体的流态,探讨了气体表观速度、开孔率、起泡剂用量及筛板充填层数对气泡直径大小的影响.结果表明:在筛板充填个数为6个,φ(起泡剂)为6.5×1-0 3,相同开孔率和表观气速时,气泡直径最大,而且气泡直径随表观气速的增加而增加.研究结果为充填浮选柱的设计提供了依据.     

云南会泽高镁中低品位胶磷矿单一反浮选

为了降低云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿的氧化镁的含量,提高五氧化二磷的品位,采用全硫酸一粗一扫的单一反浮选工艺对云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿进行了试验.在原矿五氧化二磷的品位为23.71％,最佳磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 88.2％的条件下,以硫酸作为pH调整剂和抑制剂（不需要添加磷酸等其他的抑制剂）,以改性的棉籽油脂肪酸皂为捕收剂,进行浮选试验.结果表明：在粗选硫酸用量为10 kg/t,扫选硫酸用量为6 kg/t,捕收剂TSM-2用量分段加药,第一段粗选添加1.2 kg/t,第二段为0.3 kg/t时,获得精矿五氧化二磷品位为30.09％,回收率达到86.53％,氧化锰由原矿的4.55％降至精矿的0.78％,脱镁率为88.13％的较好指标.为云南会泽磷矿的利用开辟了新途径.     

浮选柱筛板充填的气含率研究

浮选柱气含率大小是决定浮选柱回收能力和分选效果的重要参数之一．探讨了旋流-静态微泡浮选柱气含率在轴向的分布及其影响因素．研究了筛板充填浮选柱的气含率,结果表明：气含率在清水且不加起泡剂的浮选柱内的轴向分布不均匀,由于气泡的兼并和破裂呈现上部低、下部高的趋势．筛板充填浮选柱的气含率随着循环量的增大先增后减,当循环量为720L／h时,平均气合率达到最大值29．6％;之后,随着给料速度的增大而略有减小;同时,随着筛板数量的增多先增后减,当筛板充填层数为7块时达到最大值．     

筛板充填浮选柱浮选流体的速度场分布

为了研究充填筛板对旋流-静态微泡浮选柱分选段流体环境的影响,分别用激光粒度测速仪（LDV）和计算流体力学软件（FLUENT）对分选段的流体速度场分布进行测试与模拟,结果表明,轴向速度在0.18-0.41 m/s之间,径向速度在-0.06-0.08 m/s之间.与柱分选段无充填情况进行对比,筛板减弱了流体切向流动速度的50%-60%,改善了流体和气泡的径向弥散不均匀状态,且使轴向速度分布更趋于均匀,降低了Pe准数,促进了浮选流体的＂塞流＂环境.最后,推导出在筛板充填浮选柱单相流体中单个气泡的运动速度.     

柱浮选优化充填的动力学分析

充填是提高浮选柱分选效率和降低浮选柱高度的有效途径之一．以筛板充填为基础,对旋流一静态微泡浮选柱浮选段进行充填方式优化,提出了筛板充填和蜂窝管充填的高效混合充填模式．基于气泡-矿粒碰撞概率理论分析了蜂窝管充填的优越性,并推导出气泡与矿粒碰撞概率的动力学方程．应用轴向扩散模型分析混合充填在保证回收率中的作用,导出了捕集区轴向无量纲扩散模型．混合充填使浮选柱下部保持矿浆高紊流的同时,上部浮选段形成“静态化”环境．     

pH对胺类捕收剂反浮选脱硅的影响

矿浆溶液的pH是影响浮选指标的重要因素之一,研究了三种胺类捕收剂在用量一定时,pH对云南某中低品位硅质胶磷矿脱硅的影响.试验结果表明,胺类药剂反浮选脱硅较适宜的pH范围为7.0～8.5.     

中低品位铝土矿浮选柱短流程分选研究

我国铝土矿绝大多数为中低铝硅比的一水硬铝石型,矿物嵌布粒度细,分选困难.在分析铝土矿矿石性质的基础上,利用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对中低品位铝土矿进行分选,考察了捕收剂用量、循环压力、处理量等因素对浮选效果的影响.研究结果表明:铝土矿易泥化,微细粒级含量高,其有效分选是关键;随着捕收剂用量、循环泵压力、处理量的增大,氧化铝回收率增加、精矿铝硅比下降;当捕收剂用量1000g/t,循环泵压力0.17MPa,处理量4.0t/(m2.h)时,精矿铝硅比8.02～8.13,氧化铝回收率88.77%～90.01%.采用"一粗一精"两段浮选柱分选可以完成浮选机"一粗两精两扫"五段分选作业,分选流程短,工艺简洁.     

胶磷矿柱式双反浮选工艺研究

针对我国西南地区难选硅-钙质胶磷矿,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对其进行了柱式双反浮选工艺的研究.以硫酸和磷酸作为磷矿物抑制剂,脂肪酸类药剂PA-64作为碳酸盐矿物捕收剂,胺类药剂GE-601作为硅酸盐矿物捕收剂,考察了磨矿细度、药剂用量、循环泵工作压力等因素对浮选指标的影响.研究结果表明,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱双反浮选工艺,可以得到精矿P_2O_5品位30.49%,MgO含量0.73%,磷回收率81.03%的浮选指标,简化了胶磷矿浮选工艺流程.     

Separation of Oil from Wastewater by Column Flotation

A new type of device, a dissolved-air flotation column, was developed for separation of oily wastewater.The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and column flotation.The dissolved air release occurred within the column separation system.As a potential application the column was investigated for its performance in separating emulsified oil droplets in oily wastewater.A high separation efficiency was obtained in a series of tests.The aeration performance of the bubble generator used in the dissolved-air flotation column was also studied in particular.     

Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied.The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated.Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency.The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO2 and Al2O3 levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used.The concentrate of 58.89wt％ Fe,4.68wt％ SiO2,and 5.28wt％ Al2O3 with the weight recovery of 38.74％ and the metal recovery of 41.13％ can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt％ Fe,6.72wt％ SiO2,and 6.80wt％ Al2O3,when Na2SiO3 with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.     

改性脂肪酸对磷矿的浮选

改性脂肪酸XF-1是一种新型的磷矿捕收剂.为了考察XF-1对磷矿的浮选效果,选取XF-1、磺化油酸钠及油酸钠为捕收剂对宜化磷矿进行浮选,动电位及单矿物吸咐对比分析表明,在捕收剂用量为1.5kg/t,浮选温度为30℃时,XF-1、磺化油酸钠和油酸钠将五氧化二磷品位为21%的粗磷矿分别提升到27%、23.6%、22.1%,磷回收率分别为85%、75.4%、74.8%;在低温15~25℃时,XF-1浮选获得磷矿品位和磷回收率明显高于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠.采用粗选与精选相结合的闭路浮选工艺,捕收剂XF-1选别出品位为30%、磷回收率为90%的磷精矿,且精矿氧化镁含量只有1.4%.XF-1所表现出的亲和力和吸附力优于磺化油酸钠和油酸钠,XF-1具有良好的捕收性能.     

Nanobubble generation and its applications in froth flotation(part Ⅳ): mechanical cells and specially designed column flotation of coal

Coal is the world's most abundant fossil fuel.Coal froth flotation is a widely used cleaning process to separate coal from mineral impurities.Flotation of coarse coal particles,ultrafine coal particles and oxidized coal particles is well known to be difficult and complex.In this paper,the nanobubbles' effects on the flotation of the varying particle size,particle density and floatability coal samples were evaluated using a bank of pilot scale flotation cells,a laboratory scale and a pilot scale specially designed flotation column.The parameters evaluated during this study include the flow rate ratio between the nanobubble generator and the conventional size bubble generator,the superficial air velocity,collector dosage,frother concentration,flotation feed rate,feed solids concentration,feed particle size,and the superficial wash water flow rate,etc.The results show that the use of nanobubbles in a bank of mechanical cells flotation and column flotation increased the flotation recovery by 8%～27% at a given product grade.Nanobubbles increased the flotation rate constants of 600～355,355～180,180～75,and 75～0 microns size coal particles by 98.0%,98.4%,50.0% and 41.6%,respectively.The separation selectivity index was increased by up to 34%,depending on the flotation feed characteristics and the flotation conditions.     

胶磷矿浮选中碱性联合调整剂

为了降低胶磷矿正浮选pH值调整剂碳酸钠的用量,同时又能有效调整矿浆的性质,改善浮选性能,以某磷矿为试验样品进行了氢氧化钠或氧化钙联合碳酸钠调整矿浆性质的浮选试验.结果表明,氢氧化钠与氧化钙单独作为调整剂时的浮选效果较差,配合碳酸钠作为调整剂,可以改善浮选效果;当使用氢氧化钠与碳酸钠比例1∶3用量4.0kg/t作为pH调整剂时的选矿指标精矿品位18.58%、回收率91.64%、选矿效率18.18%优于单独使用碳酸钠6~7.0kg/t时选矿指标,前者的药剂用量低,因此选矿过程中的药剂成本会有所降低.在工业生产中,可以使用碳酸钠配合氢氧化钠作为矿浆pH调整剂.     

颗粒尺寸与药剂性质对胶磷矿浮选过程的影响

通过磷矿颗粒的分级浮选、药剂对比及组合浮选对湖北保康钙质磷矿和大峪口硅钙质磷矿进行了系统研究.结果表明:分级后粒径为-65μm的小颗粒磷矿更有利于反浮选,且保康磷矿反浮选效果优于大峪口磷矿;复合药剂和酸性抑制剂均能改善保康钙质磷矿浮选效果,最终磷精矿品位达到36.14%,磷回收率为96.10%;药剂表面张力降低能增强药剂对磷矿颗粒的湿润.最后,通过测量电动电位和亲水亲油平衡值,对浮选过程效率进行了分析,并对浮选机理进行了讨论.     

高效反浮选捕收剂的合成与应用

针对传统脂肪酸捕收剂选择性差、常温下分散性和溶解性差的问题,以工业棉籽油酸为原料,经高温高压使脂肪酸的双键水解而引入羟基活性基团,进一步与助剂按比例复配得到一种高效反浮选捕收剂HY.将其用于宜昌某高镁磷矿的浮选试验,经一反一扫简单浮选工艺流程获得了精矿五氧化二磷品位34.59%,五氧化二磷回收率96.46%,氧化镁品位0.28%的良好浮选选指标,氧化镁脱除率高达95%,各指标优于公开招标各项指标要求,且浮选在常温下进行,药剂用量仅0.84kg/t.表明反选捕收剂HY具有良好的浮选性能,其化学修饰改性改善了捕收剂的常温溶解性同时增强了其对钙离子、镁离子的选择性.     

Nanobubble generation and its applications in froth flotation (part Ⅲ): specially designed laboratory scale column flotation of phosphate

Froth flotation is used widely for upgrading raw phosphate. The flotation recovery of coarse phosphate (-1.18+0.425 mm) is much lower than that achieved on the -0.425+0.15 mm size fraction. Enhanced recovery of coarse phosphate particles is of great economic and environmental importance for phosphate industry. In this investigation, four different phosphate samples were aquired, characterized and tested in a specially designed laboratory-scale flotation column. Significant recovery improvement of coarse phosphate flotation was achieved using cavitation-generated nanobubble though its effects differ among the four testing phosphate samples. The laboratory-scale flotation column test results indicate that nanobubble increased P2O5 recovery by up to 10%-30% for a given Acid Insoluble (A.I.) rejection, depending on the characteristic of phosphate samples. The improvement ef-fect of nanobubble on the hard-to-float particles was more significant than that on easy-to-float particles, especially at lower col-lector dosages. Nanobubbles reduced the collector dosage by 1/3 to 1/2. Nanobubbles almost doubled the coarse phosphate flotation rate constant and increased the flotation selectivity index by up to 25%.     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标