5种植物纤维的鉴别方法

采用纤维化学成分分析、显微镜观察、纤维细度测试、纤维密度测试、热重分析方法对香蕉纤维、菠萝纤维、莲纤维、椰壳纤维和桑皮纤维5种植物纤维进行了鉴别。结果表明:纤维化学组成上,香蕉纤维半纤维素含量为28%～30%,菠萝纤维的脂蜡质含量为3.8%～7.2%,桑皮纤维的果胶质含量为10%～15%,椰壳纤维的木质素含量为41%～45%;纤维形态上,菠萝纤维纵向有缝隙和孔洞,香蕉纤维纵向具有横节,椰壳纤维表面比较粗糙,有白色突起的颗粒,莲纤维纵向有细微横纹,桑皮纤维纵向为细长管状形,表面有横节;纤维细度上,莲纤维为3～5μm,椰壳纤维为100～250μm;纤维密度上,莲纤维密度为1.18 g/cm3,菠萝纤维的密度最大,为1.54 g/cm3;纤维热稳定性上,莲纤维的热稳定性较差,椰壳纤维的热稳定性能最好。     

新型纤维发展现状及其在针织上的应用

新型针织用纤维首先是应用在各种仿真产品,其次是功能化纤维、超细纤维、高弹性纤维等,体现穿着的舒适性、安全性、卫生性、美观性,并实现某些特殊功能。详细阐述各种新型纤维类别,主要包括:莫代尔纤维、天丝纤维、丽赛纤维、竹纤维、Viloft R纤维、圣麻纤维等纤维素纤维;牛奶蛋白纤维、大豆蛋白纤维等蛋白质纤维;氨纶、T-400、PTT纤维、PBT纤维等弹性纤维;吸湿排汗纤维、细旦化纤维等热湿舒适性纤维;抗菌纤维、凉感纤维、防辐射纤维等功能性纤维;具有柔软性、抗起球性、吸湿快干性、常压染色性的超仿棉仪纶纤维等。多种新型纤维格各具特色,适用于不同穿着要求和功能需求的针织产品。     

功能性及智能性纤维研究进展

介绍海斯摩尔纤维、咖啡炭纤维、Porel~?纤维、麻赛尔纤维、云母纤维5种功能性纤维和1种智能性纤维即丝维尔纤维的功能原理,阐述各纤维的生产方法及应用领域。其中海斯摩尔纤维天然抗菌,咖啡炭纤维除臭保暖,Porel~?纤维吸湿快干、手感柔软,麻赛尔纤维吸湿排湿、抑菌防霉,云母纤维导热,丝维尔纤维智能调温。这些纤维不仅在传统服装行业具有广泛应用,还可应用于医疗卫生、航空航天等领域。指出大力研发功能性及智能性纤维符合绿色环保的时代主题,对增加纤维品种以及提高我国国际市场竞争力具有十分重要的作用。     

医卫保健用纤维与针织物

文中介绍了海藻酸纤维、骨胶原纤维、甲壳素纤维以及Lactron纤维等医疗用功能性纤维与针织物,抗菌防臭等卫生用功能性纤维与针织物,远红外纤维、防紫外线纤维、含维生素纤维、麦饭石功能纤维及负离子纤维等保健用功能性纤维与针织物.大力开发各种医卫保健用纤维与针织物,对推动其在医卫保健领域的应用和针织产业的发展,具有十分重要的经济和社会意义.     

磨浆过程中P-RC APMP浆料及纤维特性变化的研究

对在P-RC APMP制浆中,磨浆程度对最终浆料及纤维特性的影响进行了探讨.通过对浆料纤维的筛分分析和纤维质量分析表明,在P-RC APMP制浆过程中,随着磨浆程度的增加,浆中长纤维组分含量下降,细小纤维含量增加,纤维粗度和纤维平均长度减小,同时纤维的卷曲和扭结程度有所增加,纤维的柔软度增加.SEM观察发现,随着磨浆的进行,纤维彼此分离并发生不同程度的细纤维化,同时伴随着纤维细胞壁的破损.提高磨浆程度,纤维细纤维化程度加强,所得纸页表面平滑,具有较少的空隙,纸页中具有较多的细小纤维和纤维碎片.增加磨浆程度,浆料强度提高,这是由于纤维细纤维化程度的提高及由此引起的纤维柔软度的增加而最终导致纤维结合力提高.     

智能绿色纺织新型原料的开发现状及趋势

智能、绿色已成为纺织新型原料开发的两大主题。文章阐述纺织新型原料的概念与发展现状,详细介绍目前比较常见的蓄热调温纤维、形状记忆纤维、凝胶纤维、电子纤维、光导纤维等纺织新型智能纤维,以及棉型纤维、再生纤维素纤维、果蔬类植物纤维、改性羊毛纤维、改性蚕丝、甲壳素纤维、生物基纤维、循环再利用纤维、原液着色纤维等纺织新型绿色纤维。总结目前纺织新型原料的开发现状,并展望未来发展趋势。     

新型再生纤维的开发现状及纤维性能

主要介绍了近年开发和研制的各种新型再生纤维,如Lyocell纤维、LenzingModalFresh纤维、氨基甲酸酯纤维、超导粘胶纤维、木棉纤维、甲壳素纤维、玉米纤维、Lenpur纤维、角蛋白纤维的特点。     

竹原纤维与竹浆纤维结构性能比较研究

对竹原纤维和竹浆纤维的纵横向形态、微细结构、吸放湿性能、抗菌性能等进行了测试分析,实验结果表明:竹原纤维和竹浆纤维在结构性能上有明显差异。竹原纤维的纵向呈束纤维形态,竹浆纤维呈单纤维形态;前者的单纤维横截面呈不规则的椭圆形、腰圆形和多边形,且纤维内有中腔,而竹浆纤维呈锯齿形,截面内分布有很多大小不等的空洞;竹原纤维的服用舒适性和抗菌性能优于竹浆纤维。     

浅谈四种我国自主研发的新型功能性纤维

主要从纤维的研制、纤维特性和纤维的应用三个方面介绍了几种由我国自主研发的新型功能性纤维,即茶纤维、玉石纤维、珍珠纤维、麦饭石纤维等。     

新型护肤纤维的研究进展

介绍了维生素纤维、珍珠纤维、牛奶蛋白纤维、芦荟纤维及海藻纤维这5种近年来研究较多的新型护肤纤维,综述了这几种护肤纤维的研究进展,探讨了护肤纤维未来的发展方向。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the