基于YOLO的多模态加权融合行人检测算法

在夜间光照不足、目标被遮挡导致信息缺失以及行人目标多尺度的情况下,可见光单模态行人检测算法的检测效果较差。为了提高行人检测器的鲁棒性,基于YOLO提出一种可见光与红外光融合的行人检测算法。使用Darknet53作为特征提取网络,分别提取2个模态的多尺度特征。对传统多模态行人检测算法所使用的concat融合方式进行改进,设计结合注意力机制的模态加权融合层,以加强对融合特征图的模态选择。在此基础上,使用多尺度的融合特征进行行人检测。实验结果表明,模态加权融合较concat融合有较大的精度提升,且该算法在夜间光照不足、目标遮挡和目标多尺度情况下检测效果良好,在KAIST数据集上的检测精度优于HalFusion和Fusion RPN+BDT等算法,检测速度也有较大提升。     

特征金字塔融合的多模态行人检测算法

针对单模态行人检测在光照条件较差、目标部分遮挡、目标多尺度时检测效果较差的问题，提出了一种基于可见和红外双模态特征金字塔融合的行人检测算法。使用深度卷积神经网络代替传统的手工设计特征方式分别自动从可见模态及红外热模态的图片中提取单模态特征，根据ResNet（Residual Net）的阶段性特征图谱搭建特征金字塔网络，生成每个模态的特征金字塔，并将两个模态的特征金字塔进行逐层融合。选择深度学习通用目标检测算法--Faster R-CNN作为后续的目标定位与分类算法来解决多模态行人检测问题。在特征金字塔融合阶段，针对级联融合和较大值融合容易忽略弱特征，无法有效融合互补特征的问题，提出了一种锐化特征的特征金字塔融合方法，根据阈值强化突出强特征，互补叠加弱特征，有效利用每个模态的特征，进一步提高模型的检测效果。实验结果表明，特征金字塔聚合的多模态行人检测算法可以有效解决多模态行人检测问题，在KAIST数据集上的检测效果超过了目前该数据集上的最佳模型。     

基于多层LSTM融合的多模态情绪识别

情绪分析一直是自然语言处理领域的研究热点,而多模态情绪分析是当前该领域的一个挑战。已有研究在上下文信息和不同模态时间序列信息交互方面存在不足,该文提出了一个新颖的多层LSTM融合模型(Multi-LSTMs Fusion Model,MLFN),通过分层LSTM分别设置单模态模内特征提取层、双模态和三模态模间融合层进行文本、语音和图像三个模态之间的深度融合,在考虑模态内部信息特征的同时深度捕获模态之间的交互信息。实验结果表明,基于多层LSTM多模态融合网路能够较好地融合多模态信息,大幅度提升多模态情绪识别的准确率。     

基于改进YOLOX的多光谱行人检测算法

现有的多光谱行人检测算法大多是基于Faster R-CNN的两阶段检测或设置了锚框机制的一阶段检测,此类模型存在推理速度慢,检测准确率低等不足.为此,本文设计出一种基于一阶段无锚框检查算法YOLOX的多光谱行人检测算法.该算法将多模态特征提取解耦为特性特征提取和共性特征提取两阶段.针对基准特性特征提取网络学习能力不足、提取的语义信息和纹理细节信息不够丰富的问题,本文设计出一种多尺度特征增强(Multi-scale Feature Enhancement, MFE)模块,该模块可提取出特性特征图中丰富的语义和纹理细节信息.此外,本文使用基于差异性的特征融合方法来充分捕获两种模态的差异性特征信息.为证实本文方法的有效性和可行性,本文在KAIST数据集和FLIR数据集上进行了实验验证,实验结果表明本文所提方法可显著提高多光谱行人检测的性能.     

面向复杂道路场景小尺度行人的实时检测算法

复杂道路场景中小尺度行人目标检测漏检率高,实时性较差,提出了一种针对小尺度行人检测的增强算法,对RFB(Receptive Field Block)网络从特征提取网络结构及损失函数两方面进行改进:通过反向融合的方式将多尺度特征图通道间Shuffle后的深层特征组多级融合到浅层,并在采用更浅层特征的同时加入改进RFB模块及Normalization层,充分利用多尺度特征层间的信息进行小尺度行人检测。损失函数采用基于交并比和中心点距离解决评测与回归损失函数评价指标不等价问题。实验结果表明,该算法在Caltech行人数据集上总体行人和小尺度行人的漏检率分别降低了4.7个百分点与9.0个百分点,单张图片平均检测时间为36 ms,性能高于同类算法。     

基于矩阵分解双线性池化的多模态融合虚假新闻检测

现有的大多数虚假新闻检测方法将视觉和文本特征串联拼接,导致模态信息冗余并且忽略了不同模态信息之间的相关性。为了解决上述问题,提出一种基于矩阵分解双线性池化的多模态融合虚假新闻检测算法。首先,该算法将多模态特征提取器捕捉的文本和视觉特征利用矩阵分解双线性池化方法进行有效融合,然后与虚假新闻检测器合作鉴别虚假新闻;此外,在训练阶段加入了事件分类器来预测事件标签并去除事件相关的依赖。在Twitter和微博两个多模态谣言数据集上进行了对比实验,证明了该算法的有效性。实验结果表明提出的模型能够有效地融合多模态数据,缩小模态间的异质性差异,从而提高虚假新闻检测的准确性。     

基于动态注意力机制和多模态循环融合的帕金森氏症识别

PD （Parkinson’s disease） 的运动障碍会累及口、咽、腭肌以及面部肌肉,引起声带震颤和面部运动迟缓,为利用声纹和面部特征识别PD患者提供了可能。为了有效利用以上两种特征以提高PD 识别率,提出了基于多尺度特征与动态注意力机制的多模态循环融合模型对患者进行识别检测。首先,设计了多尺度特征提取网络,将高、低层级特征的语义信息融合以得到完整的特征信息;其次,在多尺度特征融合过程中为了充分考虑模态间的相关性和互补性,提出了以不同模态信息互为辅助条件生成注意力特征图的动态注意力机制算法,降低特征融合时信息的冗余;最后设计了多模态循环融合模型,通过计算循环矩阵的每个行向量与特征向量间的哈达玛积得到更有效的融合特征,提高了模型性能。在自建数据集上进行的多组实验结果表明,提出的方法识别准确率高达96.24%,优于当前流行的单模态和多模态识别算法,可以有效区分PD患者和HP （healthy people）,为高效识别PD患者奠定了基础。     

基于空洞卷积与特征增强的单阶段目标检测算法

基于卷积神经网络目标检测算法的浅层特征图包含丰富的细节信息,但缺乏语义信息,而深层特征图则相反。为充分利用浅层和深层特征图特征,解决多尺度目标检测问题,提出一种新的单阶段目标检测算法（AFE-SSD）。以SSD算法为基础,分别对该算法中相邻的2个特征图进行特征融合,从而丰富浅层特征层的语义信息。通过对并行空洞卷积机制进行改进,构建多尺度特征提取模块,将融合后的特征图通入多尺度特征提取模块的方式丰富其多尺度信息,同时提升主干网络的特征提取能力。在PASCAL VOC2007测试集上的实验结果表明,AFE-SSD算法的mAP为79.8%,检测速度为58.8 frame/s,与SSD、DSSD算法相比,mAP分别提升了2.4和1.2个百分点,验证了所提特征融合方式及多尺度提取模块的有效性。     

基于注意力融合网络的方面级多模态情感分类

方面级多模态情感分类任务的一个关键是从文本和视觉两种不同模态中准确地提取和融合互补信息, 以检测文本中提及的方面词的情感倾向. 现有的方法大多数只利用单一的上下文信息结合图片信息来分析, 存在对方面和上下文信息、视觉信息的相关性的识别不敏感, 对视觉中的方面相关信息的局部提取不够精准等问题, 此外, 在进行特征融合时, 部分模态信息不全会导致融合效果一般. 针对上述问题, 本文提出一种注意力融合网络AF-Net模型去进行方面级多模态情感分类, 利用空间变换网络STN学习图像中目标的位置信息来帮助提取重要的局部特征; 利用基于Transformer的交互网络对方面和文本以及图像之间的关系进行建模, 实现多模态交互; 同时补充了不同模态特征间的相似信息以及使用多头注意力机制融合多特征信息, 表征出多模态信息, 最后通过Softmax层取得情感分类的结果. 在两个基准数据集上进行实验和对比, 结果表明AF-Net能获得较好的性能, 提升方面级多模态情感分类的效果.     

基于模态特异及模态共享特征信息的多模态细粒度检索

跨模态检索的目标是用户给定任意一个样本作为查询样例,系统检索得到与查询样例相关的各个模态样本,多模态细粒度检索在跨模态检索基础上强调模态的数量至少大于两个,且待检索样本的分类标准为细粒度子类,存在多模态数据间的异构鸿沟及细粒度样本特征差异小等难题。引入模态特异特征及模态共享特征的概念,提出一种多模态细粒度检索框架MS2Net。使用分支网络及主干网络分别提取不同模态数据的模态特异特征及模态共享特征,将两种特征通过多模态特征融合模块进行充分融合,同时利用各个模态自身的特有信息及不同模态数据间的共性及联系,增加高维空间向量中包含的语义信息。针对多模态细粒度检索场景,在center loss函数的基础上提出multi-center loss函数,并引入类内中心来聚集同类别且同模态的样本,根据聚集类内中心来间接聚集同类别但模态不同的样本,同时消减样本间的异构鸿沟及语义鸿沟,增强模型对高维空间向量的聚类能力。在公开数据集FG-Xmedia上进行一对一与一对多的模态检索实验,结果表明,与FGCrossNet方法相比,MS2Net方法 mAP指标分别提升65%和48%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.