共直流母线并网逆变器并联系统运行方式

为使共直流母线并网逆变器并联系统(GIPS)实现理想无环流运行状态,各并联单元输出的脉宽调制电压波形需要保持一致,也就是各并联单元驱动信号需保持同步。借助并联系统各单元驱动信号的同步约束规律,可容易将被提出的H桥死区消除正弦脉宽调制应用于共直流母线GIPS,从而避免死区效应对并网电流的影响。由数字信号处理器与现场可编程门阵列结合的数字控制系统易于实现所提出的并联运行方式。实验结果验证了所提控制方法的运行特点与有效性,GIPS基本能够实现无环流运行状态并且在整个运行阶段无需设置死区时间。     

高效光伏逆变器综述

介绍了光伏逆变器漏电流相关标准,分析了无变压器隔离的光伏逆变器的几种典型拓扑、工作原理与优缺点,阐述了多电平拓扑在光伏逆变器上的应用及其对提高效率的贡献,总结了高效功率器件在光伏逆变器上的应用,说明了调制和控制算法应用于光伏逆变器的必要性,展望了下一代逆变器的发展趋势。     

一种新型单相DC/AC逆变器的并联控制方法

本文介绍了一种新型的单相逆变器并联控制方法.控制方法分为同步和均流控制两个部分,同步控制采用有功功率进行相位调节,均流控制采用注入的谐波信号进行幅值调节.这种新型的控制方法在逆变器之间没有任何的均流连接线,实现了无均流线的均流,它非常适合于远距离分布电源的并联控制.本文对这种方法进行了详细的介绍,并给出了仿真和实验结果,结果证明了这种方法的有效性.     

基于双向逆变器的太阳能供电系统

提出并设计了一种双向逆变器的太阳能供电系统,该系统仅仅需要单一颗微控制芯片ds PIC30F4011就可以控制系统的前级和后级电路。该系统可以操作在市电并联和功因修正两种模式下,这样可以保证直流侧电压稳定在某一个范围。并且本系统不需要蓄电池等储能设备。系统的控制方法使用了预测电流控制法和正弦波调制准则,并利用高频的驱动信号来降低后级电路输出电流的谐波。最后,实验和模拟的结果都可以验证该系统的可行性、有效性和稳定性。     

基于虚拟阻抗的无线并联逆变控制策略

在实际的并联系统中,由于一些不可避免的误差,如线路阻抗等的因素易导致并联逆变系统产生较大的环流。为了提高均分负载的效果,提出了采用虚拟阻抗控制策略提高并联系统的均流精度,在不同频段改变输出阻抗特性抑制环流和降低非线性负载的畸变率,通过双环控制策略改变不同频段的期望特性。仿真和实验结果验证了所提理论的可行性,环流的抑制效果明显。     

逆变器单元用LCL滤波器的并联系统性能分析

由于各并联单元之间的参数差异,逆变器并联系统存在环流,其中的高频环流由于其频率超出系统的控制带宽,难以通过控制的方式进行抑制。本文分析了高频环流存在的原因,提出将并联逆变单元的LC滤波器改变为LCL滤波器。比较了LC滤波器和LCL滤波器的阻抗特性,分析了采用LC滤波器和LCL滤波器的逆变器的闭环输出特性,指出经过适当的参数设计可以使得这二种逆变器的等效输出阻抗在低频段相近而在高频段呈现很大差异。并联系统在采用了LCL滤波器的逆变器作为并联单元后,可以利用其高频高输出阻抗很好地抑制高频环流,同时可以保持较硬的输出电压外特性。仿真和实验都验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种燃料电池独立发电逆变器的研究

本文介绍了一种单相独立发电燃料电池应急电源系统,分析了燃料电池从起动到额定功率工作、系统检测、故障保护等整套逆变装置功能,详细介绍了燃料电池起动电路、前端DC/DC变换电路、DC/AC逆变电路以及蓄电池充电电路的设计方法。最后通过实际系统测试表明,该逆变器工作稳定可靠,具有良好的工作特性。     

A suitable single-phase pulse width modulation current source inverter for utility interactive photovoltaic generation system

A suitable single-phase inverter for the utility interactive photovoltaic generation system is proposed. The single-phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) current source inverter has a novel circuit configuration in which an auxiliary branch is added to the normal single-phase bridge circuit. To reduce the size and weight of the dc reactor, a double frequency parallel resonance circuit (LC tank circuit) is inserted in the dc side of the inverter. As a result, the double frequency voltage appearing in the dc side of the inverter due to the pulsation of the single-phase instantaneous power is perfectly suppressed by the tank circuit. The constant dc current without pulsation is supplied from PV array to the inverter. The inverter provides a sinusoidal ac current for domestic loads and the utility line with unity power factor. The virtual maximum power of the PV array can be obtained without any feedback control. In the system, the PV array can play an important role as a current-limiter due to its V-I characteristics. Computed waveforms by simulation are shown. Excellent inverter equipment will be realized that is smaller in size and lighter in weight than is usual for a conventional inverter.     

一种光伏发电用高增益多电平逆变器

针对传统的多电平逆变器存在有源器件数量较多、电容电压不平衡、结构复杂以及电压增益低的问题,提出一种降低器件数量且可扩展的多电平逆变器。该逆变器由开关电容单元和两个半桥组成,使用1个直流电源、3个电容、13个开关管,实现4倍电压增益和九电平交流输出电压。该逆变器通过2个半桥代替后端H桥转换输出电压极性,可以有效降低开关管总电压应力。在所提逆变器的扩展结构中,电容逐级充电的工作方式进一步提高了电压增益和输出电平数。首先,详细阐述了所提逆变器的工作模式、调制策略、电容分析、电压应力计算和电路参数设计。然后,与其他类似多电平逆变器进行了比较。最后,通过仿真与实验验证了所提逆变器的可行性和理论分析的正确性。     

光伏并网逆变器逆变效率测量结果不确定度分析

为了确保光伏并网逆变器逆变效率测量结果的准确可靠,针对某额定输出功率为250kW的光伏并网逆变器,依据GB/T 20514-2006《光伏系统功率调节器效率测量程序》和CNAS-GL08《电器领域不确定度的评估指南》,采用功率分析仪(Hioki3390)测量了该逆变器的输入输出电功率,并分析了其在50%额定功率状态下逆变效率的测量不确定度。该测量不确定度评定结果符合CNCA/CTS 0004-2009A《并网光伏发电专用逆变器技术条件》的要求,具有一定的实用性。     

弱电网下LCLCL型并联逆变器并网系统的电流优化控制

针对LCL型滤波器存在的缺陷,采用基于电容电流比例反馈的LCLCL型滤波器,在保留传统滤波器高频谐波衰减能力的前提下,实现了在系统开关频率处对谐波的陷波作用。建立了弱电网下两台并联逆变器并网系统的诺顿等效模型,分析了电网阻抗在逆变器与电网之间的耦合作用;考虑电网阻抗影响的电网电压前馈控制会引入一条额外的并网电流正反馈回路,降低系统的相位裕度;通过采用谐振前馈控制,可实现前馈控制与电流控制在基波频率的中高频段处解耦,提高系统的稳定性,优化并网电流的品质。最后通过Matlab/Simulink的仿真分析验证了所提策略的可行性和有效性。     

Trans Z-source-based half-bridge inverter: A method for achieving high voltage gain

This article offers a modified trans Z-source-based half-bridge inverter topology. A suitable pulse width modulation (PWM)-based control method is applied on the proposed inverter. Regarding this control technique, the state of switches in each of the operational states is obtained, and their equivalent control circuits are demonstrated and examined in depth. With the help of the results of these analyses, the boost factor for the proposed structure can be calculated. Additionally, the necessary equations for designing the passive components, as well as the power ratings of the active components, are found. Then, in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed topology, a comparative study is conducted in several aspects, including the boost factor, the voltage stresses on capacitors, and the voltage stresses on passive devices. This comparison demonstrates that the proposed topology provides a high boost factor while minimizing voltage stresses on the devices, resulting in a smaller volume and size and a lower cost. Once the proposed topology has been thoroughly analyzed, the total power losses and the percentages of power losses consumed by each component device are calculated to obtain efficiency. Finally, an experimental prototype based on the equations for passive and active components is developed. Experiments are used to verify the validity of the proposed topology and the accuracy of the equations.     

多相并联的15 kW无线电能传输系统

设计了一种耦合电感的循环级联方法来实现多相逆变之间的电流平衡,并分析了耦合电感参数对系统性能的影响;对多相并联下系统主要的功率损耗进行了分析,以解释在大输出电流条件下多相系统具有较低损耗的原因,开发了6相D类半桥逆变并联的原型机对系统性能进行验证。实验表明该方法能够将相间电流不平衡控制在较好的范围之内。使用2个外边长90 cm×70 cm的4圈的平面矩形螺旋线圈,在距离20 cm时进行无线电能传输。当接收端整流桥后的6.87Ω负载上获得15 k W的功率时,测得发送端直流输入到接收端直流负载的DC-DC效率为94.7%。     

Development of inverter structure for reducing switching loss imbalance among parallel connection and among three phases

Recently, SiC power devices were developed to reduce the size and weight of the power converter circuit. This paper presents a three-phase inverter structure for reducing imbalances in the switching loss among power modules connected parallel to one another and among the three phases. A proposed double-sided structure achieved an imbalance of less than 2% in the experimental switching loss using SiC power modules. In addition, it is shown that the double-sided structure realized stable switching behavior under four SiC power modules connected in parallel.     

A technique of parallel connections of pulsewidth-modulated NPC inverters by using current-sharing reactors

The neutral-point-clamped (NPC) PWM inverters have many advantages such as the ability to operate the motor with nearly sinusoidal current waveforms. For this reason, in larger-capacity inverter systems, NPC PWM inverters using the GTOs, etc., have also been put into practical use because of great advantages to large-capacity ac motor drives such as lower ripple currents and higher output voltages. With the spread of applications, still larger-capacity inverters also are expected. However, since the capacities of such switching devices are insufficient, a certain technique and controlling method are proposed for the parallel connections of NPC inverters. The output voltage waveforms of the proposed inverter have certain voltage levels, and thus it is anticipated that it will be difficult to analyze the output harmonics. For such waveforms of output voltage and current-sharing reactor, a frequency analysis approach is described whose results are verified by experiments.     

Computation efficiency of parallel systems related to granularity and application form in power system calculations

Many techniques for enhancing the calculation speed of power system analysis by utilizing parallel systems have been proposed. However, the speedups gained in these systems have been small compared to other applications such as circuit simulation, mainly due to the smallness of the problem size of power calculations. The abovementioned studies concentrated on “space parallel computing,” and the parallel implementation granularity is therefore fine due to the inherent size of power system calculations. In this paper, we first study the effect that the ratio of data transmission time to calculation time per grain has on the speedup of total calculation. We show that the smaller ratio raises the efficiency of parallel implementation. Coarser granularity of the problem generally yields smaller ratios. Thus, it is shown that attaining a coarser granularity is important. In power system calculations, the method of time-domain parallel computing produces larger granularity. Another application form which results in much coarser granularity is multiple case analysis. We studied the application of these parallel approaches to transient stability analysis using an MIMD (multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream) distributed memory parallel processor system. On a 16 PE system, we attained a speedup of 6.3 in time-domain parallel computing and a speedup of up to 15.8 in multiple case parallel analysis. These values are much larger than the speedup in space parallel computing, which was less than 2.0. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(3): 14–26, 1997     

DC-DC开关电源模块并联供电系统

为设计一种DC-DC开关电源并联供电系统,采用DC-DC主从模式实现两个开关电源的并联供电,并按比例自动分配电流.设计采用STC12C5A60S2单片机完成ND采集主从模块及其总电流,再通过D/A控制从模块的电流,以实现主从模块按比例输出电流供给负载.DC-DC主从模块是由开关电源控制芯片SG3525为核心完成PWM产生,BUCK拓扑结构和反馈电路组成.这个系统实现可手动或自动调节电源比例的并联稳压供电,最大输出可达到4A-8V直流,效率高达83％.介绍了系统结构、DC-DC主从模块、测量电路、系统供电以及主控机原理,详细介绍系统结构、DC-DC主模块和主控电路.     

基于阻抗匹配模式的并联逆变器均流方法

针对逆变器并联系统的动态均流问题,提出了阻抗匹配模式的逆变器并联控制方案.依据电路等效理论,将开环控制的逆变器等效为给定电压源与虚拟阻抗串联的电路形式,并给出了阻抗参数的辨识方法.以逆变器的等效电路作为被控对象模型,推导出可改变逆变器输出虚拟阻抗的控制方法.给出了并联逆变器间的虚拟阻抗匹配关系.所设计的逆变器除需共享电压给定基准正弦信号外,完全自主均流,控制方法简单.采用两台容量为1 kVA、空载输出电压为220V的逆变器并联进行了仿真和实验研究.仿真与实验结果显示:两台逆变器输出电流之差峰值小于0.1A;在负载阶跃变化中,无过渡过程.     

离网条件下的虚拟同步机分布式并联系统暂态稳定分析

虚拟同步机技术的应用,使得分布式电源具有同步发电机特性,可实现离网运行,其可控惯量对离网条件下分布式并联系统的频率稳定和有功振荡有很大的影响。基于离网条件下的虚拟同步机分布式并联系统,以两端输出有功功率振荡为标准,利用李雅普诺夫方法推导暂态能量函数,分析两端惯性时间常数对系统有功振荡的影响。根据分析结果,对暂态期间惯性时间常数进行控制,抑制有功振荡幅度,减小振荡时间,从而提高系统暂态稳定性。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC?软件建立模型进行仿真,验证所提方法的可行性。     

A novel energy‐retaining inverter for AC arc welding machines

A novel energy‐retaining power supply for AC arc welding machines is proposed in this paper. In this kind of power supply, current‐steering diodes connected across the output chokes keep the inductor current continuous and retain the energy during the commutation period, hence reducing the commutation time to ensure a better welding performance. In addition, the stored energy can be released in the next energy transfer cycle to raise the conversion efficiency. The circuit operations and design procedures are likewise examined thoroughly. Experimental results on a prototype inverter for driving a 100‐A AC arc welding machine are recorded to validate the effectiveness of the presented scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.