宁波甬江隧道北岸竖井封底堵漏和井体抬升

宁波甬江隧道北岸竖井封底堵漏和井体抬升房泽生，赵兴品，高印军（山东省水利科学研究院）１工程概况宁波市丽江隧道北岸竖井是隧道沉管与北引道之间连接的地下构筑物。其上部尺寸１５ｍ×１８ｍ，下部为１６．２ｍ×１８．０ｍ，井深２８．７５ｍ，采用沉井法施工。设计...     

减水剂、膨胀剂在大体积抗渗砼施工中复合应用

减水剂、膨胀剂在大体积抗渗砼施工中复合应用李春红铁道部第十三工程局五处长春１３０００１前言马家泵站工程为引松入长工程的龙头工程，位于丰满电站下游１３公里松花江畔，地下泵房为大体积在结构，主厂房长６５ｍ、宽１４．９ｍ、高１３．２ｍ、底板厚２．４３ｍ、墙...     

岫水库土坝的薄膜防渗加固处理

１工程概况岫山里水库位于闽侯县青口镇西台村时洋溪支流的上游，集雨面积０．７５ｋｍ２，原库容为２８．６５万ｍ３，灌田１０６．７ｈｍ２。大坝为均质土坝，坝高２６．２ｍ，坝顶宽３ｍ，坝顶长７０．４ｍ，于１９６５年建成。由于工程的长期运行，致使坝体严重老化。...     

洞头南塘围塘堵漏施工法

洞头南塘围塘堵漏施工法陈时胜（洞头县水利水电勘测设计室）一、工程概况南塘围塘工程是洞头县骨干工程，围垦面积１４００亩，塘顶总长１０４０ｍ．塘高８ｍ余．是我省海塘围垦中较高的海塘，该工程系１９５８年大跃进期间上马，由于种种原因，工程四上四下，直到１９８...     

龙头桥水库输水洞工程开挖阶段验收

１　工程概况龙头桥水库枢纽工程由拦河土坝、溢洪道、输水洞及电站厂房等建筑物组成。拦河坝为粘土斜墙坝，坝顶高程１３１．７ｍ，最大坝高２５．７ｍ。坝顶长７６０ｍ。坝顶宽６ｍ，泥结碎石路面。输水洞由引水渠、进水口、主洞、灌溉支洞及发电支洞组成。引水渠长１２０ｍ，渠底高程１０９ｍ。进水口为竖井式，底坎高程１０９ｍ。主洞为城门洞型，底宽４．５ｍ，两侧立墙高２．２５ｍ，上部圆弧半径２．２５ｍ，长２７６．８ｍ。分岔段后设灌溉支洞和发电支洞。灌溉支洞长６６ｍ，圆形断面，半径为２．２５ｍ。发电支洞断面为圆形，２０…     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层试验及应用研究

以乳化沥青封层为对照组，结合经验设计法对橡胶沥青应力吸收层的配合进行设计并对其性能进行了室内试验研究。室内试验结果表明:橡胶沥青应力吸收层的抗剪切、粘结与疲劳性能均显著优于乳化沥青封层；橡胶沥青应力吸收层的抗剪强度、疲劳寿命随着橡胶沥青掺量的增大出现明显增大；囿于碎石集料粒径的限制，其粘结性能在橡胶沥青用量大于１．８ｋｇ／ｍ２ 后趋于稳定。结合室内试验与工程应用，推荐橡胶沥青应力吸收层中:橡胶沥青的最佳用量取２．４ｋｇ／ｍ２ ～２．６ｋｇ／ｍ２，碎石集料的最佳撒布量取１４ｋｇ／ｍ２ ～１６ｋｇ／ｍ２；工程应用表明:橡胶沥青中间应力吸收层可有效抑制基层裂缝的扩展，防止反射裂缝的产生，具有广阔的应用前景。     

基岩保护层一次爆破开挖技术在汾河二库的应用

１工程概况１．１工程地形、地质概况汾河二库位于汾河河谷上，坝基地质情况复杂，岩石多为浅灰、灰色白云岩，岩层多为薄层，层厚约０．１ｍ～０．５ｍ，个别出现中厚层，层间有薄层含泥白云岩。１．２坝基开挖工程数量坝基土石方开挖数量４６．８２万ｍ３，其中石方６．...     

小浪底工程大坝标施工项目控制实践

１ 大坝标工程概况 黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程拦河坝为粘土斜心墙堆石坝，最大坝高１５４ｍ，坝顶长１６６７ｍ，坝顶宽１５ｍ，上、下游坝坡分别为１：２．６（下部１：３．５）和 １：ｌ．７５，上游围堰为大坝的一部分．坝体斜心墙下设一混凝土防渗墙，墙厚１．２ ｍ，面积为２１８１２ｍ～２，河床深槽部分最大造孔深度８６ｍ 两岸心墙区基岩进行固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆，上游枯水围堰进行约１．１万ｍ～２的旋喷防渗墙处理．填筑材料种类多达１７种，坝体总填筑方量高达５１８５万ｍ～３，坝基总开挖量为７７０万ｍ～３，地面以下灌浆钻孔总…     

沥青灌浆在花山堵漏工程中的应用

花山水电站导流洞严重渗漏，漏水量高达０．８０ｍ＾３／ｓ，在其它堵漏施工方案难以实施的情况下，采用沥青灌浆封堵较大渗漏通道，使导流洞漏水量降低至０．２８ｍ＾３／ｓ，在此前提下，通过实施综合堵漏施工方案，达到了导流洞基本止漏的目的，导流洞漏水量最终仅为０．０１ｍ＾３／ｓ。     

五里冲水库防渗帷幕高压灌浆工程监理

五里冲水库是云南省红河州蒙自县的跨流域引蓄中型水库工程。盲谷水库总库容８０００万ｍ＾３，最大水深１０６ｍ。其主体工程为集中在盲谷末端，总防渗面积为２６．２万ｍ＾２的防渗帷幕、地下砼防渗墙和３号暗河堵头及副坝等组成的地下防渗屏障。本文着重简介防渗帷幕高压灌浆工程的施工监理工作。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。