低空环境辐射水平快速测试

环境辐射水平是环境监测的主要部分，近期采用新型快速辐射监测系统通过航空的手段对低空环境辐射水平进行了快速测试。简述了这一测试情况，给出了测试结果并进行了讨论。     

大亚湾地区三次环境γ辐射剂量率调查测量结果比较分析

由于相继建设广东大亚湾核电站(GNPS)和岭澳核电站(LAPS)，大亚湾地区自1988年至2000年先后进行了三次环境γ辐射剂量率调查。比较分析三次测量结果，大亚湾地区原野和室内的γ辐射水平总体上保持不变，道路的γ辐射水平则略有上升。本文还分析了不同时间特定区域γ辐射水平调查结果差异的原因，说明在环境γ辐射剂量率测量中，测点的代表性直接影响测量结果的可比性。     

1999年～2001年上海市区环境γ辐射剂量率水平监测

介绍1999年至2001年本所对上海市区环境γ辐射剂量率监测的方法、结果和初步分析。测量结果表明，上海市区环境γ辐射剂量率范围为40-113nGy/h，环境γ辐射剂量率在正常本底水平上波动。     

环境辐射连续监测网络研究

本文介绍了广东大亚湾核电站由法国引进的环境辐射连续监测网络系统的运行情况，以及为了提高系统可靠运行而进行的改造，给出了核电站投入运行以来该系统环境辐射监测的结果。监测结果表明：广东大亚湾核电站自投入商业运行以来，环境辐射水平没有产生显著变化。     

北京市1989－1991年环境辐射监测

本文报道了北京市１９８９－１９９１年环境辐射监测的方法和结果。监测结果表明，环境γ辐射水平、土壤和水中的天然放射性核素浓度与北京市（１９８６－１９８７年）环境放射性水平调查结果无明显差异。对本市有关核设施和同位素应用单位的监测结果表明，其环境放射性属正常本底水平，只有个别单位的局部地区，土壤和水受到轻微污染，均作了妥善处理，防止和清除了放射性物质的环境污染。     

环境辐射连续监测网络系统

本文介绍了广东大亚湾核电站由法国引进的环境辐射连续监测网络系统的运行情况，以及为了提高系统可靠运行而进行的改造，给出了核电站投入运行以来（１９９４～１９９６年）该系统环境辐射监测的结果。监测结果表明：广东大亚湾核电站自投入商业运行以来，环境辐射水平没有产生显著变化。     

兰州重离子研究装置辐射环境安全性评估

描述了兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)运行10多年来对其周围中子、γ辐射水平，环境中水、土、植物等介质的总α、总β放射性水平以及屏蔽周围的中子、γ辐射水平和工作人员个人剂量的测量结果，并进行了初步评价。监测结果表明，兰州重离子研究装置的运行没有造成环境的放射性污染，运行是安全的。     

环境监测

2007年辐射安全研究部辐射监测与评价室按我院环境常规监测计划对我院内、外环境介质中的辐射水平进行了监测。监测内容主要包括：环境X、γ累积剂量率，地表γ污染和环境介质（地下水、土壤、沉降灰、气溶胶、植物和指示生物）中的放射性活度浓度，以及工业废水中的放射性活度浓度、工业毒物浓度等。     

某医院核医学科设施改造本底调查

辐射安全研究部辐射监测与评价研究室承接某医院核医学科改造工程环境本底调查，该工程改造后，其从事放射性操作的房间是功能检查室和给药室，使用的核素为成品的^131Ⅰ、^125Ⅰ制剂。本次调查的主要内容为室内外辐射水平、气溶胶的测定和环境介质中放射性的测定。     

城市放射性固体废物的压缩封装

本文介绍了用于城市放射性固体废物压缩封装处理的工艺系统，以及运行时工作场所和环境辐射水平的监测结果。结果表明，该系统能有效地压缩处理各类固体废物，其压缩减容比对棉麻织物等软质废物可达５－７，对金属容器等硬质废物可达８－１３；压缩封装处理过程对工作场所及环境的辐射水平无明显影响。     

Copper activated LiF nanorods as TLD material for high exposures of gamma-rays

Lithium fluoride (LiF) doped with proper activators is a highly sensitive phosphor commonly used for radiation dosimetry using thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Nanorods of this material activated with Cu, Mg and P as single dopants are synthesized in our laboratory and exposed to gamma-rays for their thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The induced TL glow curves of the Cu, Mg and P doped samples are similar with a single peak at 410 K. Copper doped sample is found to be the most sensitive sample with TL intensity around 65, 7 and 8 times of those of LiF:Mg, LiF:P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, respectively, indicating that Cu is the luminescence center in the host of LiF nanorods, while Mg and P act as TL quencher particularly when used as codopants. These observations on the nanostructured form of LiF doped with these activators are entirely different from those of the widely studied LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti single crystals. The nanorods of LiF:Cu might be used for heavy doses measurement as they are sensitive to gamma-rays and have a linear TL response curve in a long span of exposures.     

Track interaction in gamma- and charged-particle-irradiatedthermoluminescence dosimeters

The growth of thermoluminescence (TL) and optical absorption (OA) with absorbed dose was examined in LiF doped with Mg, as functions of both the linear energy transfer (LET) of the incident radiation and the impurity content of the samples. In addition, the TL growth curves were examined as a function of the heating rate during readout. The growth of TL as a function of dose is basically linear-supralinear-sublinear, but the precise character of the dose response function varies with the LET of irradiation, the Mg impurity content of the sample, and the heating rate during TL readout. the OA dose response is always linear-sublinear over the same dose ranges, even for those defect centers that are known to be involved in the TL process. The data indicate that the mechanisms responsible for the supralinear nature of the TL growth are operative during the TL readout phase rather than the absorption phase. A mathematical model is presented that qualitatively describes the results. The model is conceptually the same as the so-called track interaction model for high-LET irradiation, but the extension presented here makes it applicable to gamma-irradiated samples also     

Photoinduced emission and thermoluminescence in topaz

Topaz has been demonstrated to be useful for dosimetric application. This mineral exhibits a satisfactory thermoluminescent (TL) response to radiation. In previous studies we analyzed the natural topaz samples from Minas Gerais, Brazil, by TL, infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques, with the aim of obtaining an explanatory model for the process of light emission of this mineral. Thermal treatments and irradiations do not produce significant changes in the TL emission. TL spectra exhibit a broad band with a maximum TL intensity at 420 nm in all the samples. In order to better understand the physical processes involved in the light emission of the topaz, we analyzed the photoinduced fluorescence of natural (as received) and thermally treated samples in powder form. The photoinduced emission of topaz was found to be similar to that of other silicates. In the UV–visible range there are intense emission bands between 350 and 550 nm, with a maximum intensity at 435 nm. The intensities are different for each sample.     

热释光断代的进展

本文评述了热释光断代的近况。它们是:磷光体的热释光性质;关于发光中心;辐射剂量学,综述了五种测定年辐射剂量的方法,同时也讨论另两种测定氡逸散的方法;各种不同类型标本中累积辐射剂量的测定;热释光测量中的样品制备;辐射源及校正及其在热释光断代中的应用;测量热释光的装置。     

关于TL粉末剂量计封装和刻度方面的一些经验

本文介绍了在热释光剂量(TLD)测量中经常遇到的几个问题(TL粉末的封管、TL剂量计的刻度以及γ辐照场中布设多个TL剂量计的电子平衡条件)的一些处理方法。这些方法在应用中得到了满意的结果。     

冲击石英砂岩的热释光和年代测定

利用二级轻气炮将６ｍｍ直径的钢球加速到７ｋｍ／ｓ后冲击石英砂岩靶。通过对石英砂岩受冲击前后热释光的测定,发现石英砂岩的热释光随着冲击压力的增大而减少,并在受冲击部位自外至里存在着一个热释光梯度,对受冲击部位的样品同时进行诱发热释光实验,结果自外至里诱发热释光同样存在热释光梯度,并比天然热释光所产生的梯度更小。     

Dosimetric properties of UV irradiated calcium co-doped borate glass-ceramic

The thermoluminescence (TL) response of Dy and Li doped 20CaB₄O₇-80CaB₂O₄ (wt%) glass-ceramic irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation was studied. In order to act as TL activator ions, the Dy and Li ions were included in the matrix during the melting process to increase its TL efficiency. A single crystalline CaB₂O₄ phase was present in the glass-ceramic as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The glass-ceramic 20CaB₄O₇-80CaB₂O₄:Dy,Li wt% (named 20CBO7:Dy,Li) is a newly prepared TL material. Its thermoluminescent dosimetric characteristics have shown a linear response under UV radiation exposure and a good TL signal reproducibility, thus proving to be a promising material for using as an ultraviolet radiation dosimeter.     

年代测定中的β剂量学问题

本文描述了热释光(TL)和电子自旋共振(ESR)测年方法对剂量标定的若干要求。研究了~(90)Sr、~(90)Y在石英中各自的剂量占总剂量的百分比随深度的变化及该源照射不同大小颗粒石英时的平均剂量与表面(或参考点)剂量的关系。指出了忽略这一因素时所带来的误差的大小。     

Al2O3:C、LiF:Mg,Ti、LiF:Mg,Cu,P对本底辐射的热释光响应比较

用Al2O3:C、LiF:Mg,Ti、LiF:Mg,Cu,P热释光剂量计(TLD)测量湛江市区本底辐射的热释光响应,以选取适合低辐射场辐射剂量测量的TLD。它们的最低响应剂量依次为Al2O3:C(1–2μGy)、LiF:Mg,Cu,P(约2μGy)和LiF:Mg,Ti(>10μGy)。Al2O3:C的热释光峰温较低,对较长时间段(>30 d)的累积剂量,存在较明显的热释光衰退,剂量响应曲线偏离线性;LiF:Mg,Cu,P和LiF:Mg,Ti的发光峰温较高,数年内都很稳定。综合考虑灵敏度和稳定性,LiF:Mg,Cu,P更宜于低辐射场的累积剂量测量。     

On the use of MWCVD diamond as thermoluminescent gamma dosimeter

The thermoluminescence (TL) characterization of microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition diamond (MWCVD) films of 6 and 12 μm thickness grown on (1 0 0) silicon substrates was performed. The films exhibited a single well-resolved TL peak around 580 K at doses lower than 40 Gy. As the irradiation dose increased the TL peak broaden and shifted towards the low temperature side of the glow curve. The diamond samples exposed to 0.67 Gy/min ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation displayed a linear dose behavior up to 100 Gy being non-linear for higher doses. The 12 μm film showed lower TL efficiency as compared to the 6 μm specimen. The discrepancy was attributed to the non-uniform distribution of nucleated sp³ diamond and sp² bonded carbon on the substrate as revealed by SEM micrograph and Raman spectroscopy of the samples. The integrated TL glow curve of the samples exhibited low room temperature thermal fading and 3% reproducibility. The results show that MWCVD diamond films possess promising properties for radiation dosimetry applications.