Gas-Liquid mass transfer in a three-phase fluidized bed with floating bubble breakers

The effects of liquid and gas velocities, particle size and volume ratio of floating bubble breakers to solid particles (V_f/V_s) on both the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k_la, and the gas-liquid interfacial area, a, have been determined in three-phase fluidized beds with floating bubble breakers. Beds having a volume ratio (V_f/V_s) of about 0.15 showed a maximum increase in both k_la and a of about 30% in comparison to that in the corresponding bed without floating bubble breakers. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient in three-phase fluidized beds with or without floating bubble breakers can be estimated from the surface renewal frequency of liquid microeddies and the particle size.     

亚硫酸铵微界面强化氧化特性研究

以亚硫酸铵水溶液的空气氧化为研究对象,考察了微界面强化对该体系传质与氧化过程的影响。在同一实验平台和操作工况下,对微界面强化与传统鼓泡塔氧化过程的传质和反应性能进行了实验研究。利用高速摄像与压差测量技术,分别对反应过程的空气气泡分布与气含率变化进行了测定。结果表明,相较于传统鼓泡塔空气氧化反应器,微界面强化氧化反应器以微界面体系取代了传统毫-厘米级宏界面,在不同盐离子浓度与氧化气量工况下均表现出了良好的强化效能。在微界面体系强化下,亚硫酸铵氧化过程气含率大幅提升,相界面积增加十余倍,反应速率平均提升56.8%,实验结论为微界面强化反应器的多相反应体系工业应用提供了一定的数据支撑。     

Mass transfer characteristics in a gas–liquid reciprocating plate column. II. Interfacial area

This paper is the second part of a continuing study on mass transfer in a reciprocating plate column. The first part dealt with k_La. The bubble size distribution, the Sauter mean diameter and the interfacial area are the subject of this paper. The bubble size increases slightly with gas flow rate and decreases with agitation intensity above a “critical” level. The interfacial area increases with increasing agitation and aeration intensities, while the liquid flow rate and coalescing properties of the liquid have no significant effect. The specific interfacial area is correlated in terms of the superficial gas velocity and the maximum power consumption. The correlations obtained for k_La and a were used to calculate k_L. It was found that k_L depends on the agitation intensity and the bubble size.     

搅拌槽中液-液-固三相传质的实验研究

选择欧洲化学工程师协会(EFCE)推荐的典型液-液萃取体系正丁醇-丁二酸-水,加入不同粒径的玻璃珠构成液-液-固三相传质,以去离子水为连续相,正丁醇为分散相,溶质丁二酸从分散相向连续相传质. 利用电导率法测定液-液相传质系数,并考察了搅拌转速、固体质量百分含量、不同桨型(标准Rushton桨、上推式和下推式45°六折叶涡轮桨)、桨中心平面距槽底距离以及固体颗粒粒径对相间传质的影响. 结果表明,在高转速时,惰性固体粒子的存在强化液-液体系的传质. 随着惰性固体含量增大,液-液-固三相传质有一极大值. 粒径大于100 μm 的固体粒子对液-液体系传质系数影响很小. 三种桨中Rushton桨的对流传质效果最好.     

Phase equilibration in agitated vessels during extractive enzyme recovery

Equilibration of partition during stirred-reactor protein extraction occurs within a few seconds using aqueous two-phase polyethylene glycol/salt systems, both when extracting enzymes from cell homogenates of various microorganisms and when using cell free systems. The tested systems were representative of the current processes developed in this laboratory for the extractive purification of enzymes; can be differentiated by their physicochemical properties. The experiments were carried out in baffled vessels at volume scales of 2.8, 21 and 160 dm³. Low stirrer speeds were used, although sufficient to ensure homogeneous mixing. In all cases the short time required to reach equilibrium confirmed the suitability of enzyme extraction processes for large scale applications.     

表面张力对传质过程的影响

表面张力对传质过程的影响主要是影响传质界面积,当物系为正物系时,对板式塔有较小较稳定的汽泡,对填料塔和湿壁塔,有较稳定的液膜,结果使二者均有较大的传质界面积,传质效果较好;负物系的情况相反。当液体混合物的平均表面张力较小时,也有利于形成较小较稳定的汽泡,从而有利于传质。表面张力对传质过程的影响机理相当复杂,这方面的研究工作有待深入开展。     

Heat transfer coefficients in coiled stirred-tank systems

Steady-state and transient heat transfer coefficients were determined in coiled, stirred-tank systems with single-tank and two-tanks-in-series arrangements, using flat-blade turbine impellers and water. Flowrates, hot water temperature and agitator speed were varied for Re between 19,000 and 77,000 for the agitated side, covering the Re = 20,000–40,000 range for which published data are not available.     

单泡吸收过程的界面传质机理

This paper focuses on the mechanism of interfacial mass transfer of a single bubble, based on the chemical potential driving force, an approach for calculating interfacial concentration in practical process is proposed. The absorption processes of bubble under both quiescent and mobile conditions are analyzed and discussed respectively. For a stationary absorption, only in the case of liquid bulk concentration near saturated value, the interfacial concentration could close to the equilibrium value ; For a moving bubble, under ordinary operating condition （Yo〉l）, the interfacial concentration is far from its equilibrium. Only under bulk concentration near saturated value or a smaller Yo（Yo〈0.1） which may involve the complication of additional resistance at interface induced by surface contamination or surfactant added, the interfacial concentration could be approximate to equilibrium value. The interfacial concentration close to the interface on liquid side for a single CO2 bubble absorbed by methanol is measured using a modern optical instrumentation in which the laser holographic interference method is adopted with a real-time and amplification technique. Experimental results show that the interfacial concentration decreases significantly with increasing Re and is far from the equilibrium one in a larger Re range. Experiments validate the proposed model.     

基于气泡数密度模型的气体穿越液池过程气泡特性数值模拟

采用考虑了气泡破碎和聚并的平均气泡数密度(ABND)输运方程,并与计算流体力学(CFD)中的湍流双流体模型相结合,建立CFD-ABND耦合计算模型。运用该模型对含固体颗粒气体通过冷却管穿越液池过程中液池内的气泡尺寸和气液界面浓度进行数值模拟。定量获得了液池内气泡尺寸和气液界面浓度分布,并分析了气速变化对其影响规律。结果表明:所建立的CFD-ABND模型能够对液池中的气泡尺寸及气液界面浓度分布等气泡特性进行较好预测;在靠近冷却管外壁面附近区域形成较大尺寸气泡和较高气液界面浓度;液池内隔板的存在有助于气液扰动,使液池内总体的气泡尺寸得到有效降低及气液界面浓度得到提升。     

带气体分布器表面曝气反应器的气液传质特性

在高径比较大的表面曝气反应器中,由表面吸入的气体较难分散到反应器的底部,为增强反应器的气液传质性能,需要将反应器底部供气和表面曝气的配置优化。在直径380 mm、液位为530 mm的表面曝气反应器中,表观气速为2.45,4.90,7.35 mm/s的条件下,实验测定了3种不同构型的双层桨组合的气液传质系数和搅拌功率。结果表明,表面曝气结合气体分布器供气能有效改善气液反应器内气体的整体混合状况,以较低的功耗达到气体分布均匀、增强气液传质性能的目的。