单基地MIMO雷达中基于改进传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

单基地多输入多输出（Multiple input multiple output,MIMO）雷达中,针对传播算子算法在低信噪比和小快拍数环境下进行二维波达方向（Direction of arrival,DOA）估计性能下降的实际问题,提出了一种基于改进传播算子（Propagator method, PM）的二维DOA估计算法。该方法将数据共轭重构的思想应用到传播算子的估计中,借助传播算子的线性变换得到方向矩阵,由方向矩阵还原出二维波达角信息,利用矩阵变换与结构特点实现了仰角和方位角的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真结果表明,该算法具有较低复杂度的同时,改善了传播算子算法在快拍数有限、低信噪比条件下的估计性能,实现二维DOA的自动配对。      

基于张量四元数极化平滑的极化-DOA估计

为了解决相干信号的极化平滑算法在小快拍数和低信噪比条件下估计性能较差的问题,结合四元数的正交特性和协方差张量方法,提出了一种基于张量四元数的极化平滑多重信号分类（Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC）解相干算法。首先,为了充分利用接收数据样本中的多维结构信息,建立了由张量四元数表示的柱面共形阵列极化平滑信号模型;其次,将平滑后的张量协方差矩阵通过高阶奇异值分解得到信号子空间;最后,通过极化秩亏MUSIC算法对入射相干信号分别进行二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计和极化参数估计。仿真结果表明,该算法在小快拍数和低信噪比条件下具有更高的估计精度和分辨能力。     

非均匀噪声背景下混合信号DOA估计算法

针对非均匀噪声背景下非相关信源与相干信源并存时波达方向(DOA)估计问题，提出了基于迭代最小二乘和空间差分平滑的混合信号DOA估计算法。首先，该算法利用迭代最小二乘方法得到噪声协方差矩阵估计，然后对数据协方差矩阵进行“去噪”处理，利用子空间旋转不变技术实现非相关信源DOA估计；其次，基于空间差分法消除非相关信号并构造新矩阵进行前后向空间平滑，利用求根MUSIC算法估计相干信源DOA。相比于传统算法，该算法能估计更多的信源数，在低信噪比情况下DOA估计性能更优越。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。      

基于迭代近端投影的MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计

传统基于压缩感知的MIMO雷达DOA估计算法将非凸非平滑稀疏表示问题近似成凸或平滑函数问题进行求解,稀疏表示模型误差的存在导致DOA估计性能不理想。为此,提出了一种基于迭代近端投影的MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计方法。该方法首先将高维回波数据转换至低维空间以降低空域维度,并对降维后的数据进行奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD),提取信号子空间以降低时域维度,利用近端函数优化模型来表示MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计中的非凸非平滑稀疏表示问题,然后采用SCAD(Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation Penalty)函数获得近端算子以求解该模型。仿真结果表明,该方法在低快拍和低信噪比下相干信源的DOA估计性能优于现有算法。     

未知信源数量DOA估计方法

针对传统阵列天线来波方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计算法需要准确获取信源数量的问题,提出了一种未知信源数量类多重信号分类（Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC）DOA估计方法。首先根据阵列天线的多个快拍数据估计输入信号自相关矩阵;其次对信号自相关矩阵进行特征值分解,并使用重构相关矩阵的方式实现信号分量的抑制;最后结合传统MUSIC谱估计算法实现未知信源数量条件下的DOA估计。仿真实验表明,所提算法的复杂度较低,且DOA估计误差性能接近传统MUSIC算法。     

基于奇异值分解和相干积累的DOA估计方法

简单介绍了常规谱估计算法在存在相干信号源条件下的缺陷以及几种单快拍条件下的DOA估计方法,结合阵列信号模型对单快拍条件下的DOA估计算法进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)和快拍数据相干积累的DOA估计新方法。通过理论分析和仿真测试,证明该方法能利用单次快拍数据或相干积累数据对相干信号实现解相干,降低了DOA估计的均方根误差,提高了成功分辨概率。     

一种短数据阵列信号波达方向估计方法

针对传统子空间类算法在短数据测向的不足,提出一种基于稀疏信号描述的非参数最小均方迭代的幅度相位估计算法。该算法首先运用DAS波束形成对信号到达角进行初步估计,然后用最小均方误差准则及幅度相位估计算法( APES)对协方差矩阵进行迭代更新直至收敛。该方法能够在快拍数较少条件下进行DOA估计,且不需要估计信号源个数。理论分析和仿真实验表明其相对传统子空间类算法有较高的估计精度和分辨率。     

空间非平稳噪声下的宽带DOA估计算法

投影子空间正交性测试(TOPS)法是利用子空间的正交性实现宽带信号DOA估计,而在空间非平稳噪声环境下子空间的正交性条件不再满足,尤其是在低信噪比或低快拍条件下子空间估计将出现较大误差,TOPS算法性能将急剧下降。针对该问题,提出了一种空间非平稳噪声下宽带DOA估计算法。该算法首先通过构造特殊对角矩阵将噪声从数据协方差矩阵中剔除,从而克服非平稳噪声对DOA估计的影响;然后利用平方TOPS法实现宽带信号DOA估计,消除了传统TOPS算法中的伪峰。该算法适用于空间非平稳噪声背景及低信噪比环境,提高了对角度相近目标的分辨性能;仿真实验表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计

针对传统稀疏阵列波达方向（DOA）估计算法在小快拍数、低信噪比和多信源数等条件下的估计精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计方法。首先利用TOEPLITZ重构方法将虚拟阵列的输出信号向量构建成满秩协方差矩阵,然后利用信号在空间域的稀疏性,将阵列协方差矩阵进行稀疏表示,通过噪声子空间和信号子空间的正交关系构建权值向量,对稀疏向量进行加权约束,最后通过求解最优化方程获取入射信源的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,本文方法比传统稀疏阵列DOA估计算法在低信噪比、小快拍数和多信源数下具有更好的DOA估计性能。     

单快拍数据的分布式阵列DOA估计

该文针对分布式阵列相干信号单次快拍波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于状态空间平衡法的1维波达角估计算法。该算法首先直接利用单快拍数据以分布式阵列每个子阵单元进行Hankle矩阵构造,然后采用状态空间平衡法,分别获得低精度无模糊的子阵单元内DOA估计和高精度有模糊的子阵单元间DOA估计,最后结合配对和解模糊算法获得高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法不受信号形式限制,可同时对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理,能充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性,获得较高的DOA估计精度。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first