阵元失效下基于矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计

针对阵元失效下MIMO雷达目标DOA估计性能下降问题,提出一种基于虚拟阵列采样数据矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。MIMO雷达的阵元失效分为冗余虚拟阵元失效和非冗余虚拟阵元失效两种情况。当冗余虚拟阵元失效时,通过合并空间上位置相同的正常冗余虚拟阵元输出数据以实现信号降维与失效阵元数据填充。当非冗余虚拟阵元失效时,经降维填充后的数据矩阵中仍存在整行缺失数据,根据降维数据矩阵的低秩和稀疏先验,建立带低秩和稀疏约束的矩阵填充模型,并利用ALM-ADMM算法求解来恢复完整的降维数据矩阵。最后利用root-MUSIC算法估计目标DOA。仿真结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高MIMO雷达在阵元失效时的DOA估计精度。     

基于迭代近端投影的MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计

传统基于压缩感知的MIMO雷达DOA估计算法将非凸非平滑稀疏表示问题近似成凸或平滑函数问题进行求解,稀疏表示模型误差的存在导致DOA估计性能不理想。为此,提出了一种基于迭代近端投影的MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计方法。该方法首先将高维回波数据转换至低维空间以降低空域维度,并对降维后的数据进行奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD),提取信号子空间以降低时域维度,利用近端函数优化模型来表示MIMO雷达多快拍DOA估计中的非凸非平滑稀疏表示问题,然后采用SCAD(Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation Penalty)函数获得近端算子以求解该模型。仿真结果表明,该方法在低快拍和低信噪比下相干信源的DOA估计性能优于现有算法。     

机电扫描天线阵列接收信号调制效应分析

提出了一种新的单基地MIMO雷达波达方向(DOA)估计算法:降维Power-ESPRIT算法。该算法首先通过降维变换将MIMO雷达数据变换至低维信号空间,然后进行从复数域到实数域的转换,并在实数域上使用采样数据协方差矩阵的幂获得信号子空间的估计,最后构造实值旋转不变性方程估计目标的DOA。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比、低快拍数的环境下,该算法与已有ESPRIT方法相比,具有近似性能,却拥有较低的计算复杂度。该算法的计算复杂度是RD-ESPRIT的25%左右,是RD-UESPRIT的65%左右。     

基于时间反转的MIMO雷达实值MUSIC算法

针对时间反转(TR)多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法计算量庞大的问题,提出一种基于时间反转的MIMO雷达实值MUSIC算法。首先,通过采用降维思想对TR MIMO回波信号进行降维处理,来减少计算量;然后,为将协方差矩阵转化到实数域,构造酉变换矩阵进行实值变换;最后,分解出实值协方差矩阵的噪声子空间,构造谱函数估计信号波达角。相对于传统的MUSIC算法,该算法借助实值变换剔除了复数运算,极大地降低了计算量,而且不需要空间平滑降低阵列孔径就具有解相干的能力。仿真结果证实了算法的正确性。     

MIMO雷达不完全正交波形下的DOA估计算法

当前多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的波达方向(DOA)估计算法都是在各发射阵元的发射信号间完全正交(POWS)的条件下提出的.当发射信号正交性无法满足时,DOA算法的估计性能会出现明显衰减.针对发射信号不完全正交(Non-POWS)时的DOA估计问题,文中提出了基于修正矩阵转换的MIMO阵列降维Root-MUSIC算法....     

基于MIMO雷达的极化平滑降维酉ESPRIT算法

相干目标的波达方向估计一直是雷达信号处理中的一个难题.为了获得更好的相干信号角度估计精度,并提高算法可实现性,在多输入、多输出雷达的基础上,提出一种极化平滑降维酉旋转不变性参数估计算法.首先通过降维矩阵对接收信号数据进行降维处理,然后利用降维后的接收数据构造中心复共轭对称矩阵,再构建适当的酉矩阵对其进行实值处理,然后对...     

互质MIMO雷达的非圆信号降维DOA估计方法北大核心CSCD

针对传统互质阵列波达方向估计方法存在的自由度低、阵列孔径小、相位模糊等问题,提出了一种基于互质MIMO雷达的非圆信号降维波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计方法。该方法结合了互质阵列与MIMO雷达的优点,利用非圆信号特性对阵列进行扩展,重构接收信号矩阵,然后进行降维处理,并利用噪声特征值的幂级数对噪声子空间进行修正,进一步提高算法精度。最后推导了文中方法的无相位模糊问题。仿真实验表明,文中方法能够有效避免相位模糊,大大提高自由度并扩大阵列孔径,与传统MUSIC算法以及互质阵列MUSIC算法相比,在估计成功率、DOA估计精度等方面均具有更好的性能。     

基于稀疏表示的多输入多输出雷达多目标定位

针对双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达目标定位问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示的双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位方法.利用点目标所在的二维角度空间构造冗余字典; 通过对接收信号的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,从中选取不同数目的特征向量在该冗余字典下稀疏表示,构建以特征向量为观测信号的多重测量向量(Multiple Measurement Vectors,MMV)模型,提取的特征向量在充分包含目标的角度信息的前提下,降低了直接以接收信号为观测信号的矩阵维数,形成低维稀疏线性模型; 最后,通过特征向量的稀疏重构,得到目标的角度估计.与现有算法相比,该算法对特征向量的稀疏重构降低了重构原始接受信号的计算复杂度,且在低信噪比和低快拍下仍有较好的估计性能,仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

基于降维波束空间的实值ESPRIT单基地MIMO雷达测角算法

单基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的波达方向(DOA)估计问题是近年来研究的热点。高维度的MIMO雷达数据,导致传统旋转不变性参数估计技术(ESPRIT)算法需要付出较大的运算代价。在低信噪比、低快拍数的条件下,传统ESPRIT算法性能会严重下降。为了克服传统ESPRIT算法的以上缺点,该文提出一种降维波束空间的实值ESPRIT算法。该算法通过转换矩阵,将高维度MIMO雷达数据转换到低维度的数据,从而去除数据中的冗余。然后再将低维数据变换到波束空间,构造实值旋转不变性等式,用以估计目标的角度。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比和低快拍数时,相比于传统ESPRIT算法,该文所提方法具有更好的角度估计性能和更少的运算量。     

双基地MIMO雷达相干目标的角度快速估计算法

针对双基地多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达定位的实时性问题,提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵的目标快速定位算法。双基地MIMO雷达接收的信号往往是相干的,因此无法直接应用角度估计算法。首先通过接收的数据得到一组Toeplitz子矩阵,利用这组子矩阵重构得到协方差矩阵,其秩等于目标个数,达到解相干的目的。采用改进多级维纳滤波器（MSWF）的前向递推,不需要通过特征值分解,得到信号子空间,结合ESPRIT算法,估计出目标的发射角度（DOD）和接收角度（DOA）。算法通过构造Toeplitz矩阵解相干,仅改变矩阵结构,降低了计算复杂度,具有较好目标分辨力和解相干能力。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.