一种面向移动无线信道的混沌交织算法

交织是抵抗移动无线衰落信道突发差错的有效技术.为了抵抗二维突发差错,提出了一种新的基于Baker映射的混沌交织算法.该算法首先将二进制信源序列转化为数据矩阵,再使用混沌Baker映射方法将其随机离散化,从而实现二维长突发差错在解交织后变为一维短突发差错.再者,将该算法和基于Viterbi解码的卷积码联合使用,分别应用于(2,1,3)和(2,1,7)两种卷积码场景下进行性能比较.仿真结果显示,当移动信道传输图像画面时,该算法相比传统方案具有显著优势;该算法的抗衰落性能随着分组长度的增加而更加优越,并且有效降低了算法复杂度;该算法通过使用不同的密钥能够增强每个传输分组的安全性.     

基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控混沌通信系统

为解决传统相关延迟键控(CDSK)混沌通信系统存在的误码(BER)性能差的问题,该文提出一种基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控(NR-MC-CDSK)混沌通信系统.在发送端,利用施密特正交化算法产生N组完全正交的混沌载波,并复制P次作为参考信号,与N个信息信号叠加进行传输,并利用多载波技术,复用每帧信号传输MN个用户信息.在接收端,将信号经匹配滤波器解调,然后通过滑动平均滤波器降噪,并进行相关解调.推导了系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道中的BER公式并进行了仿真分析,结果表明系统的BER性能优于众多多载波混沌通信系统,数据传输速率也相较CDSK系统有明显提升,为该系统在实际通信系统中的应用提供了理论依据,并显示了较强的应用价值.     

基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控混沌通信系统

为解决传统相关延迟键控(CDSK)混沌通信系统存在的误码(BER)性能差的问题,该文提出一种基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控(NR-MC-CDSK)混沌通信系统。在发送端,利用施密特正交化算法产生N组完全正交的混沌载波,并复制P次作为参考信号,与N个信息信号叠加进行传输,并利用多载波技术,复用每帧信号传输MN个用户信息。在接收端,将信号经匹配滤波器解调,然后通过滑动平均滤波器降噪,并进行相关解调。推导了系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道中的BER公式并进行了仿真分析,结果表明系统的BER性能优于众多多载波混沌通信系统,数据传输速率也相较CDSK系统有明显提升,为该系统在实际通信系统中的应用提供了理论依据,并显示了较强的应用价值。     

数字电视传输中的关键技术

纠错编码在实际应用中往往要结合数据交织技术。因为许多信道差错是突发的，即发生错误时，往往是有很强的相关性，甚至是连续一片数据都出了错。这时由于错误集中在一起，常常超出了纠错码的纠错能力。所以在发送端加上数据交织器，在接收端加上解交织器，使得信道的突发差错分散开来，把突发差错信道变成独立随机差错信道，这样可以充分发挥纠错编码的作用。交织器就是使数据顺序随机化，分为周期交织和伪随机交织两种。     

一种交织器和解交织器的FPGA电路实现

交织和解交织是组合信道纠错系统的一个重要环节,交织器和解交织器的实现方法有多种。本文利用Altera公司开发的Quartus软件平台和仿真环境,设计一种交织器和解交织器FPGA电路单倍实现的方法,并分析该电路实现的特点。 外交织的基本原理 实际信道中产生的错误往往是突发错误或突发错误与随机错误并存,如果首先把突发错误离散成随机错误,然后再去纠随机错误,那么系统的抗干扰性能就会进一步得到提高。交织器的作用就是将比较长的突发错误或多个突发错误离散成随机错误,即把错误离散化。交织器按交织方式可分为交织深度固定的交织器(如分组交织器和卷积交织器)和交织深度不断变化的随机交织器;按交织对象可分为码元交织器和码段交织     

基于混沌交织的Turbo码及其性能仿真

基于非线性混沌映射提出了一种S随机混沌交织算法。在不同遮蔽程度的卫星移动衰落信道模型中,使用不同的解码算法,通过仿真比较了不同伪随机交织算法的Turbo码性能、不同的交织长度对系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在信噪比较低的卫星衰落信道中采用MAP、SOVA译码算法时,使用S随机混沌交织器的Turbo码性能均较使用伪随机交织器的Tur-bo码的性能有明显改进。     

快衰落信道中交织器设计方法

本文提出一种衰落信道中交织器设计的新方法,根据衰落信道的电平交叉率和平均衰落时间估计突发差错长度,结合LDPC编码的误码曲线确定门限电平,设计相应的交织器。仿真结果验证该方法降低交织器延时,并在快衰落信道下得到较理想的系统性能。     

非均匀多载波信道分路技术的FPGA设计方法

针对非均匀多载波整体解调中的信道分路实现问题,基于完全重构调制滤波器组的优化结构,提出一种非均匀多载波信道分路技术的FPGA设计方法。相对于均匀多载波信道分路的局限性,使得非均匀分路技术能够更加灵活地适应系统需求且易于实现。对非均匀多载波信道分路技术中涉及到的分析和综合两部分模块的FPGA实现方法进行了详细阐述,给出了硬件占用资源情况和误码测试结果,实现了多载波速率混合信号的重构。     

大气无线光信道下基于光子计数的迭代译码性能

为了克服大气无线光信道中光强闪烁带来的长突发错误,本文提出了一种基于光子计数的迭代译码方案,并分析基于大气无线光信道下的译码性能.仿真结果表明,本方案不仅提高了系统的抗突发错误性能,并且与传统的信道交织+级连码方案相比,具有不引入信道交织时延和易于硬件实现的优点.     

基于混沌参数调制的数字通信方式

提出一种基于混沌参数调制的数字通信方式。即将一个由非线性映射所产生的混沌序列作为载波,将待发送的有用信号（数字信号）作为调制信号,对非线性映射的某一参数在其混沌区域内进行调制。在接收端,利用混沌序列的发生规则从接收信号中提取混沌载波,并经过简单的信号处理运算恢复出原来的有用信号。分析和计算机模拟表明,本文所提出的这种混沌通信系统具有一定的保密性且实现方便、性能可靠     

On the Performance of FFT/DWT/DCT-based OFDM Systems with Chaotic Interleaving and Channel Estimation Algorithms

The efficiency of data transmission over fading channels in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems depends on the employed interleaving method. In this study, we propose an improved chaotic interleaving scheme which aims to improve the performance of OFDM system under fading channel. In the proposed scheme, the binary data is interleaved with chaotic Baker map prior to the modulation process. In the sequel, significant degree of encryption is being added during data transmission. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on the conventional fast Fourier transform OFDM, discrete wavelet transform OFDM, and discrete cosine transform OFDM with and without chaotic interleaving. Furthermore, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed for improving channel impulse response (CIR) estimation based on a maximum likelihood principle. The proposed scheme makes use of EM algorithm to update the channel estimates until convergence is reached. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithms under Rayleigh fading environments where the symbol error rate essentially coincides with that of the perfect channel case after the fifth EM iteration.     

空间光通信RS-INTERLEAVING信道编码研究

分析了空间激光通信的两种信道数学模型--自由空间光通信信道和大气激光通信信道,针对信道时变突发的特点,引入信道编码技术和交织技术,交织对发送信号进行扰码以克服大气信道相关性,Reed-Solomon(RS)线性分组码克服信道的突发错误,并进行一定程度的纠错.计算机仿真结果表明,RS编码和交织技术非常适合空间光通信信道,能大大降低系统的误码率.     

Efficient Image Transmission with Multi-Carrier CDMA

This paper presents a new approach for efficient image transmission over Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) systems using chaotic interleaving. The chaotic interleaving scheme based on Baker map is applied on the image data prior to transmission. The proposed approach transmits images over wireless channels, efficiently, without posing significant constraints on the wireless communication system bandwidth and noise. The performance of the proposed approach is further improved by applying Frequency-Domain Equalization (FDE) at the receiver. Two types of frequency-domain equalizers are considered and compared for performance evaluation of the proposed MC-CDMA system; the Zero-Forcing equalizer and the Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) equalizer. Several experiments are carried out to test the performance of the image transmission with different sizes over the proposed MC-CDMA system. Simulation results show that image transmission over wireless channels using the proposed chaotic interleaving approach is much more immune to noise and fading. Moreover this chaotic interleaving process adds a degree of encryption to the transmitted data. The results also show a noticeable performance improvement in terms of the Root Mean Square Error and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio values when applying FDE in the proposed approach, especially with the LMMSE equalizer.     

H.264 error resilience coding based on multi-hypothesis motion-compensated prediction

In this paper, we propose efficient schemes for enhancing the error robustness of multi-hypothesis motion-compensate predictive (MHMCP) coder without sacrificing the coding efficiency significantly. The proposed schemes utilize the concept of reference picture interleaving and data partitioning to make the MHMCP-coded video more resilient to channel errors, especially for burst channel error. Besides, we also propose a scheme of integrating adaptive intra-refresh into the proposed MHMCP coder to further improve the error recovery speed. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed methods can effectively and quickly mitigate the error propagation and the penalty on coding efficiency for clean channels due to the inserted error resilience features is rather minor.     

Error resilient transmission of SPIHT coded images over fadingchannels

The paper introduces a method of transmitting error resilient SPIHT coded images over highly error prone Rayleigh fading channels. First, the source significance of the SPIHT coded output is obtained. Based on the significance of the bits, the channel coding is varied accordingly. Channel coding consists of a mixture of rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes and interleaving to combat the burst errors produced by the fading channel. An additional error concealment technique is also introduced into the SPIHT decoder to improve its results in cases where errors cause the corruption of the average luminance level during decoding. Comparison with using RS block codes at a total transmission rate of 1.0 bits/pixel is carried out over fading channels with very high error rates to show the superiority of this method over methods using burst error codes     

Error correction performance in digital subscriber looptransmission systems

The author describes an error correction system for digital subscriber loop transmission systems which use time compression multiplexing (TCM). An interleaved block code is used to correct the burst errors due to impulse noise from analog telephone circuits. This interleaving method requires no extra hardware and contributes no additional delay. To evaluate the transmission performance of this error correction system, the bit error rate after decoding is derived on the basis of a burst error model for 200 kb/s digital subscriber transmission using the alternate mark inversion (AMI) line code. The experimental results for a 200 kb/s TCM system show that burst errors are substantially reduced     

Small‐block interleaving for low‐delay cross‐packet forward error correction over burst‐loss channels

By adding the redundant packets into source packet block, cross‐packet forward error correction (FEC) scheme performs error correction across packets and can recover both congestion packet loss and wireless bit errors accordingly. Because cross‐packet FEC typically trades the additional latency to combat burst losses in the wireless channel, this paper presents a FEC enhancement scheme using the small‐block interleaving technique to enhance cross‐packet FEC with the decreased delay and improved good‐put. Specifically, adopting short block size is effective in reducing FEC processing delay, whereas the corresponding effect of lower burst‐error correction capacity can be compensated by deliberately controlling the interleaving degree. The main features include (i) the proposed scheme that operates in the post‐processing manner to be compatible with the existing FEC control schemes and (ii) to maximize the data good‐put in lossy networks; an analytical FEC model is built on the interleaved Gilbert‐Elliott channel to determine the optimal FEC parameters. The simulation results show that the small‐block interleaved FEC scheme significantly improves the video streaming quality in lossy channels for delay‐sensitive video. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Chaotic Interleaving Scheme for the Continuous Phase Modulation Based Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization System

In this paper, we propose a chaotic interleaving scheme for the continuous phase modulation based single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (CPM-SC-FDE) system. Chaotic interleaving is used in this scheme to generate permuted versions from the sample sequences to be transmitted, with low correlation among their samples, and hence a better bit error rate (BER) performance can be obtained. The proposed CPM-SC-FDE system with chaotic interleaving combines the advantages of the frequency diversity, the low complexity, and the high power efficiency of the CPM-SC-FDE system and the performance improvements due to chaotic interleaving. The BER performance of the CPM-SC-FDE system with and without chaotic interleaving is evaluated by computer simulations. Also, a comparison between the proposed chaotic interleaving and the conventional block interleaving is performed. Simulation results show that, the proposed chaotic interleaving scheme can greatly improve the performance of the CPM-SC-FDE system. Furthermore, the results show that this scheme outperforms the conventional block interleaving scheme in the CPM-SC-FDE system. The results also show that, the proposed CPM-SC-FDE system with chaotic interleaving provides a good trade-off between system performance and bandwidth efficiency.     

JPEG image transmission over mobile network with an efficient channel coding and interleaving

This article studies improving of coloured JPEG image transmission over mobile wireless personal area network through the Bluetooth networks. This article uses many types of enhanced data rate and asynchronous connectionless packets. It presents a proposed chaotic interleaving technique for improving a transmission of coloured images over burst error environment through merging it with error control scheme. The computational complexity of the used different error control schemes is considered. A comparison study between different scenarios of the image transmission is held in to choose an effective technique. The simulation experiments are carried over the correlated fading channel using the widely accepted Jakes’ model. Our experiments reveal that the proposed chaotic interleaving technique enhances quality of the received coloured image. Our simulation results show that the convolutional codes with longer constraint length are effective if its complexity is ignored. It reveals also that the standard error control scheme of old Bluetooth versions is ineffective in the case of coloured image transmission over mobile Bluetooth network. Finally, the proposed scenarios of the standard error control scheme with the chaotic interleaver perform better than the convolutional codes with reducing the complexity.