软件定义的无人机网络架构研究综述

软件定义网络（Software Defined Network,SDN）依靠着其集中控制、可编程性和数控分离等优点,能够有效解决无人机网络（Flying Ad Hoc Network,FANET）面临的任务拓扑高度变化、网络链路连接不稳定、网络安全防护脆弱以及应用程序的异构性等问题,极大地提升FANET的灵活性和可靠性。针对SDN架构与FANET的结合问题,描述了SDN的体系架构,并以SDN控制器部署方式为关注点分类别概括了近几年软件定义无人机网络（Software-defined Flying Ad Hoc Network,SD-FANET）的研究进展,重点阐述了结合移动边缘计算（Mobile Edge Computing,MEC）的SD-FANET研究现状,最后指出了SD-FANET的应用场景和一些具体的未来研究方向。     

无线传感器网络的服务质量保障技术

1、引言 无线Ad hoc网络起源于20世纪70年代美国军方的分组无线网。随后，IEEE在建立802．11标准时将分组无线网改称为Adhoc网络，意为“为特定目的情况或场合而设计配置的，具备自组织能力的网络”。根据网络中节点是否可移动，无线Adhoc网络又可分为移动Adhoc网络MANET（Mobile Ad hoc Network）和无线传感器网络WSNs（Wireless Sensor Networks）.[第一段]     

5GC云化方案研究

移动核心网在5G阶段实现了架构、功能和平台的全面重建。5GC(5G核心网)部署在基于云的基础架构上,以支持灵活和自动的网络部署、扩展和可扩展性。文章给出5G核心网云资源规划模型、主要云化技术,并从NFVI（网络功能虚拟化基础设施）、VNF（虚拟网络功能）及MANO（管理和编排）三方面分别阐述5GC的云化部署方案。     

基于全互连立方体的Ad Hoc网络自适应路由算法

路由算法是影响移动自组织网络（Mobile Ad Hoc Network）性能的关键问题,现有的自主式组网方式及路由存在扩展性差或节点负载不均衡问题。本文提出一种基于全互连立方体（FCCN,Fully Connected Cubic Network）虚拟拓扑的层次结构及自适应路由算法,能自适应于无线链路不稳定和网络拥塞的状况,提供良好的网络扩展和负载均衡,并与现有分层结构路由算法进行了比较,最后通过仿真验证了其具有良好的吞吐率和负载均衡能力。     

基于IEEE 802．11n的MANET网络移动终端的设计与实现

自组织网络和嵌入式系统都是当前的研究热点,本文结合这两方面,设计并实现了基于IEEE 802．11n Draft2．0的移动自组织网络（MANET,Mobile Ad hoc Network）的终端节点,并利用此移动终端搭建出MANET网络,最终在此网络上实现了稳定快速的数据、语音视频的通信。除了通过无线接入点（AP）实现作为因特网的无线接入子网,本文设计的移动终端由于采用最新技术,拥有更良好的性能,更有利于地震灾害、军事通信、移动会议等的临时通信网络的建立。移动终端作为一嵌入式系统,其硬件核心采川基于英特尔最新的XScale架构的PXA270处理器,软件系统主要采用移植,二次开发开源软件（GNU／Linux2．6、AODV路由协议等）来实现。根据实验结果,论文还分析了MANET网络拓扑结构剧变导致网络性能下降的原因并提出解决方案。     

用于降低网络开销的改进ODMRP算法研究

ODMRP组播路由协议适用于带宽窄、移动性强和节点分散的移动自组织网络(Mobile AdHoc Network,MANET)。为了进一步提高该协议的性能,设计了一种改进方案,首次提出"备用转发节点"的概念,将其应用于原协议中,以降低网络的负载。理论分析表明,改进方案通过控制备用转发节点能动态的控制路由数量,进而控制转发分组节点数据,从而降低网络负载。所以,该改进方案有效地提高了ODMRP协议的性能,使之更加适用于大规模的MANET网络。     

基于小规模MANET网络的安全通信设计与实现

<正>针对MANET无线网络环境中基于网络编码的移动自组网安全密钥生成、分配算法复杂度高、节点资源消耗大等问题,本文设计了基于网络编码的信道时域密钥生成与分发方案,结合网络路由节点中继校验,在16个通信节点以下的小规模MANET网络中,基于网络信道特征密钥安全通信方案对比SPNC网络编码通信方案,在收敛时间和误码率等指标上体现出较好的网络特性。MANET网络（移动自组网）是由一些具有自主通信能力的移动节点形成的自组织网络,具有无中心、分布式、多跳中继、动态路由、覆盖范围大、扩展性好、网络健壮自适应性强等特点,被广泛应用在军用通信、     

无线Mesh网络技术难点和应用前景

阐述了无线Mesh网络（WMN）的基本原理,并将其同移动Ad Hoc网络（MANET）和无线Ad Hoc传感器网络（WASN）进行简单比较,然后集中分析了WMN的3大优点：高性能、可扩展和低成本。重点讨论设计和构造高性能和可扩展的无线骨干网络面临的3大具有挑战性的技术难题以及可能的解决途径。此3大难题是：如何设计容量高、传输可靠的无线Mesh骨干网络;如何构造高扩展性的联网功能：如何实现系统水平资源管理,为每个用户提供平等接入Internet机会。最后论述了WMN必将在未来宽带无线接入系统中取得广泛应用。     

基于PKI的MANET访问控制研究

由于移动自组织网络（MANET）的分布式、多跳和自组织的特点,使得节点的身份无法区分,导致恶意节点与自私节点大量存在,接入和访问权限控制成为这个网络结构安全性能的一个瓶颈,而日趋成熟的PKI/PMI（公钥基础设施/授权管理基础设施）体系能够在这方面提供必要的安全平台支撑。这里基于PKI/PMI分析了其在MANET中的应用前景,并根据MANET的特点对原有的模型进行了研究。     

基于SDN架构的云网专线智能调度

互联网和IT化的发展,给运营商带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。通信网和IT化技术融合,有助于解决新业务发展面临的问题。为此,分析现阶段云网专线业务调度方式存在业务部署周期较长的情况,提出传输网引入软件定义网络（Software Defined Network,SDN）架构的方案,通过新旧调度模式的对比说明软件定义的分组传送网（Software Defined Packet Transport Network,SPTN）智能调度为云网专线的建设和维护带来的效率提升。     

基于UCDS的战术网络拓扑构建研究

在战术MANET中,底层通信的拓扑结构是不断变化的。寻找最小连通子图(作为一个网络拓扑结构的主干)是在MANET的MAC层设计中网络拓扑构建的有效方法。在战术网络环境下研究用于广播的连通支配集构建算法,阐述了一种分布式的连通支配集算法(UCDS),该算法采用启发式规则选取支配节点及其连接节点。通过与其他相关研究对比分析,表明UCDS具有实施简单、执行速度快、消息复杂度低的特点,同时具备一定的灵活和抗毁能力,并能够实际应用于路由优化和低速率下节点的移动自适应。     

移动自组网与Internet互连的动态网关策略

移动自组网(MANET)是自治的无基础设施的网络,它通过IP路由支持多跳无线通信。它与Internet 相比存在着许多差异,不仅有网络拓扑结构的不同,还存在通信方式的不同。因此,MANET与Internet组合成混杂网络(hybrid network)是一个具有挑战性的课题。移动自组网(MANET)的结点要进行Internet连接,就必须寻找Internet网关。如何寻找和维持与Internet网关的连接是这个问题的关键,再者,就是如何切换到一个更合适的相邻网关。在这篇文章中,首次提出动态网关的概念,动态网关作为MANET和Internet之间的接口起桥梁作用。通过模型分析,证明动态网关体系结构适合于自组网与Internet互联。仿真结果显示,利用动态网关的网络性能优于单一固定网关的体系结构的网络性能。     

The Effects of Physical Layer on the Routing Wireless Protocol

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are characterized by multiple entities, a frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. In MANETs, nodes are usually powered by batteries. Power control is tightly coupled with both the physical and medium access layers (MACs). However, if we increase the transmission power, at the same time we increase the interference to other nodes which diminish the transport capacity of wireless systems. Thus, the routing protocols based on hop count metric suffer from performance degradation when they operate over MANET. Routing in ad hoc wireless networks is not only a problem of finding a route with shortest length, but it is also a problem of finding a stable and good quality communication route in order to avoid any unnecessary packet loss. Cross-layer design of ad hoc wireless networks has been receiving increasing attention recently. Part of these researches suggests that routing should take into account physical layer characteristics. The goal of this paper is to improve the routing reliability in MANET and to reduce power consumption through cross-layer approach among physical, MAC and network layers. The proposed cross-layer approach is based on signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and received signal strength indication (RSSI) coming from the physical layer. This solution performs in one hand the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol by choosing reliable routes with less interferences using SINR metric and in another hand; it permits to reduce the power transmission when sending the data packets by using RSSI metric.     

Proficient link state routing in mobile ad hoc network-based deep Q-learning network optimized with chaotic bat swarm optimization algorithm

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a category of ad-hoc network that can be reconfigurable its network. MANETS are self-organized networks, that can use the wireless links to connect various networks via mobile nodes: but it consumes more energy and it also has routing problems. This is the major drawback of being connected with the MANET technology. Therefore, this study proposes a new protocol as deep Q-learning network optimized with chaotic bat swarm optimization algorithm (CBS)-based optimized link state routing (OLSR) (CBS-OLSR) for MANET. This protocol reduces MANET energy usage and adopts OLSR multi-point relay (MPR) technology. MANET's OLSR and the CBS algorithm utilize a similar method to locate the best optimum path from source to destination node. By embedding the new improved deep Q-learning and OLSR algorithms, both are used for optimizing the MPR sets selection, it can efficiently diminish the energy consumption in the network topology, but automatically increase the lifespan of the network. It also enhances the package delivery ratio and decreases end-to-end delay. The experimental outcomes prove that the proposed protocol is reliable and proficient that is appropriate for numerous MANET applications.     

Using group mobility and multihomed mobile gateways to connect mobile ad hoc networks to the global IP Internet

Connecting multihop mobile ad hoc wireless networks (MANETs) to the Internet would enable MANET nodes to share wireless Internet access with mobile hosts that are one‐hop away from their foreign networks. The integration of MANETs and the global Internet, however, faces an obstacle due to their network architectural mismatches regarding their infrastructure, topology, and mobility management mechanisms. Solutions to the integration problem should introduce an intermediate facility with hybrid mechanism, enabling it to connect to both networks. The quality of the multihop wireless Internet access service provided to MANET nodes depends on the design quality of this facility in order for MANET nodes to enjoy their Internet connectivity anywhere and anytime without much disconnections. In this paper, we propose hierarchical architecture that uses group mobility and multihomed mobile gateways, and present and analyse different simulations results. A multihomed mobile gateway can simultaneously connect to multiple Mobile IP foreign agents, provided it is located within their overlapping coverage area. It runs updated versions of the destination‐sequenced distance vector (DSDV) and Mobile IP protocols, and is responsible for providing MANET nodes with wireless Internet access though they are multiple wireless hops away from the edge of the Internet. The rationale behind using multihoming is to increase reliability of the Internet access service and enhance performance of the integrated network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unidirectional link-state advertisement based on power control for MANET

Link states are studied in ad hoc network. The characters of unidirectional links are discussed. Unidirectional link-state advertisement based on power control mechanism (ULAPC) for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is designed. ULAPC is able to advertise unidirectional link-state to relational nodes. And it may offer help for process of routing discovery in ad hoc network. Based on ULAPC, the routing method solving the problem of unidirectional link is described in ad hoc network. Simulation results show the performance of ULAPC is better than the traditional routing protocols in many aspects.     

Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary, “ad-hoc” network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, e.g., disaster recovery environments. Ad hoc networking concept is not a new one, having been around in various forms for over 20 years. Traditionally, tactical networks have been the only communication networking application that followed the ad hoc paradigm. Recently, the introduction of new technologies such as the Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and Hyperlan are helping enable eventual commercial MANET deployments outside the military domain. These recent evolutions have been generating a renewed and growing interest in the research and development of MANET. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field. It first explains the important role that mobile ad hoc networks play in the evolution of future wireless technologies. Then, it reviews the latest research activities in these areas, including a summary of MANET’s characteristics, capabilities, applications, and design constraints. The paper concludes by presenting a set of challenges and problems requiring further research in the future.     

Key Challenges of Military Tactical Networking and the Elusive Promise of MANET Technology

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are considered by many as fundamental to realizing the global information grid (GIG) and the vision of network-centric warfare. Indeed, a fully realized MANET would be powerful in enabling highly mobile, highly responsive, and quickly deployable tactical forces. However, significant technical challenges remain before this realization is viable. Addressing these deficiencies is a significant task that will require the invention and adoption of new technology. The goal of this article is not to declare these capabilities impossible to achieve. Rather, it is to manage the expectation of the capabilities achievable in the foreseeable future through edification on the technical difficulties standing between current technology and the desired capabilities. This article provides an overview of the military MANET problem space, describing the ideal military MANET solution. Several deficiencies are highlighted that exist between MANET technologies and the desired capability. Identified technical issues include system-level architecture, routing (both interior and exterior), management, security, and medium access control (MAC), with an emphasis on the former two areas     

美军一体化网络运作研究

论文首先介绍网络运作（NetOps）的概念及美军近来在网络运作方面的研究成果;分析了要在MANET环境下改进NetOps,就应该一体化网络运作的各组成。因此,必须解决战术网络的资源管理、网络的信息传输、信息分发管理、网络运作的自动化和优化以及协调各网管系统所存在的问题。文章还对美军提出的一种可支撑NetOps各组成的整体结构体系框架进行了论述。     

战术自组网分层安全框架研究

未来战术通信网络将使用VHF／UHF无线电进行语音和数据通信,战术通信网络相对固网而言,具有低带宽、高误码率和节点移动性的特点。由于组网对战术通信而言相对较新,其安全性尚未得到完备的考虑,尽管移动Adhoc网络（MANETs）的安全威胁已经被广泛研究,但是不同通信手段具有不同的特点,其安全威胁不一定类似。文中通过分析已有的MANET安全威胁提出了一种新的方法,以评估其对战术网络的潜在影响。尽管这些分析并不覆盖所有可能的威胁,但它具有优势并且能定位主要问题。基于这个分析,提出一个分层的服务框架并集成各层的安全功能。