功率倒置全局最优空时抗干扰GNSS接收机ADC量化损耗分析

空时联合抗干扰是 GNSS 接收机抗干扰的重要研究方向,ADC 量化会对 GNSS 接收机的抗干扰性能造成损耗。给出了 GNSS 接收机抗干扰量化损耗分析模型,通过仿真分析了限幅和有限位量化器比特数对功率倒置全局最优空时抗干扰 GNSS 接收机产生的量化损耗,给出了 ADC 量化比特数和限幅电平的建议参数。     

A/D量化位数对抗干扰性能影响

数字接收机输入端的信噪比对其捕获性能具有较大的影响,文中通过理论和大量实验反正分析了量化位数对导航信号相对捕获峰值及信噪比的影响,并分析了在给定抗干扰指标下卫星导航抗干扰系统所需的最小及最多量化位数,为实现导航抗干扰系统时合理选择量化位数提供了理论依据。     

模数转换对卫星导航抗干扰性能的影响分析

卫星导航应用突飞猛进,面对电磁环境越来越复杂,卫星导航接收机的抗干扰能力随之受到巨大关注。国内外学者对抗干扰滤波器的设计已经进行了非常广泛的研究,但卫星导航接收机作为一个整体,抗干扰滤波器只是其中一个环节。分析认为,在理想的抗干扰技术和有限的扩频增益条件下,干扰环境下的模数转换器(ADC)量化损耗是数字式接收机整体抗干扰能力的瓶颈所在。本文首先建立了抗干扰型接收机内部处理插入损耗评价标准,然后通过数值仿真实验,验证了在无限量化精度下,抗干扰滤波器对干扰的零陷可以无穷大并且插入损耗极小;接着探究了在连续波干扰(CWI)环境下ADC量化对接收机相关输出载噪比的损耗,最终得出了在指定量化位宽和量化间隔约束下的接收机的最大抗干扰能力。     

量化对GPS接收机捕获性能的影响

由于接收机输入端的信噪比对接收机的捕获性能具有很重要的意义,所以要尽量减少接收机输入端信噪比的损失,文中给出了含高斯白噪声的GPS信号经过不同量化位数和量化电平的量化器后的输出信噪比计算公式,在此基础上分析其对接收机捕获性能的影响,最后通过仿真实验说明接收机可以在不影响捕获性能的情况下尽量选择合适的量化位数和量化门限。实验结果也为量化器的设计提供了重要的技术参考。     

阵列天线抗干扰对RTK的影响研究

随着GNSS的高速发展,基于载波相位的RTK技术受到高度重视,在无人机着陆和大地测绘等方面具有广泛应用.由于卫星距离遥远,信号功率低,很容易受到干扰影响,阵列天线抗干扰技术具有良好的抗干扰性能,可以有效解决GNSS信号弱和易受干扰的问题,因而也受到高度重视.本文在RTK技术和阵列天线抗干扰技术原理分析的基础上,总结了阵...     

宽带干扰背景下的多阵元卫星导航信号模拟

近年来全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)抗干扰技术逐渐成为研究热点,在抗干扰研究中,宽带干扰背景下的多阵元卫星导航信号模拟发挥着至关重要的作用。为了提高抗干扰研究效率,通过Matlab模拟的方法研究了卫星导航软件接收机入口数字中频信号的模拟问题。根据信干噪比进行功率控制,分别对卫星导航信号、干扰信号和噪声信号进行建模,计算阵列天线带来的延时,最后模拟了宽带干扰背景下阵列天线的卫星信号并设计了图形用户(GUI)界面。在模拟完成后,将信号输入到抗干扰算法的研究系统进行测试,解决了抗干扰研究中复杂的干扰信号源模拟问题,提高了抗干扰研究的工作效率,同时验证了本研究的实用性和正确性。     

GNSS抗干扰技术的现状与发展

对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)抗干扰技术的现状和发展趋势进行了分析研究,研究了组合导航、自适应阵列天线、抗干扰新型信号体制、区域功率增强和空基伪卫星组网增强等多种适用有效的抗干扰手段,探讨了GNSS抗干扰技术的发展趋势。     

特征空间分解算法分析与仿真

卫星导航信号为扩频信号,比接收机热噪声低20~30dB,极易受到干扰,因此,研究卫星导航系统接收机的抗干扰能力显得极为重要。特征空间算法是一种有效的自适应抗干扰算法,目前广泛应用于抗干扰接收机中。首先建立了阵列信号基本模型,然后介绍了阵列信号特征分解原理,对其性能进行分析,并由计算机仿真证明了该算法的有效性。     

数模转换对自适应天线旁瓣相消的影响

通过研究自适应天线旁瓣相消系统中相消比与信号相关性的关系,分析了模数转换（ADC）位数和模数转换速率对相消性能的影响,给出最佳相消比和ADC量化位数的定量关系;针对低采样速率导致的相消比下降,提出了基于sinc函数插值来改善相消比的方法,并分析了sinc插值截断长度与相消比的关系.仿真结果表明通过增加AD量化位数和采用sinc插值相消技术,可以明显地改善自适应天线旁瓣相消系统的性能.     

暗室条件下抗干扰测试结果影响分析

暗室为卫星导航接收机抗干扰测试提供了全面有效的测试环境，极大地提高了抗干扰性能定量测试与评估能力。但暗室的静区性能、结构尺寸、天线布局等因素会对抗干扰性能测试结果产生影响。基于多径信号天线接收模型、阵列波程差等效模型和信号来向天线映射模型，通过仿真量化分析了干扰多径信号、有限距离下近场效应和来波方向误差对抗干扰测试结果的影响。结果表明，暗室静区性能的提升可降低干扰多径信号对零陷位置的拉偏；不同暗室尺寸对应不同的零陷深度测试，需根据测试需求折中选择；布设暗室天线应依据预设的被测阵列天线和测试场景。结果可为暗室设计、抗干扰测试方案选定和测试结果分析提供参考，提升抗干扰测试的可信度。     

Limited feedback-based block diagonalization for the MIMO broadcast channel

Block diagonalization is a linear preceding technique for the multiple antenna broadcast (downlink) channel that involves transmission of multiple data streams to each receiver such that no multi-user interference is experienced at any of the receivers. This low-complexity scheme operates only a few dB away from capacity but requires very accurate channel knowledge at the transmitter. We consider a limited feedback system where each receiver knows its channel perfectly, but the transmitter is only provided with a finite number of channel feedback bits from each receiver. Using a random quantization argument, we quantify the throughput loss due to imperfect channel knowledge as a function of the feedback level. The quality of channel knowledge must improve proportional to the SNR in order to prevent interference-limitations, and we show that scaling the number of feedback bits linearly with the system SNR is sufficient to maintain a bounded rate loss. Finally, we compare our quantization strategy to an analog feedback scheme and show the superiority of quantized feedback.     

人工噪声辅助安全传输中的反馈比特数研究人工噪声辅助安全传输中的反馈比特数研究

本文主要研究了人工噪声辅助的多输入单输出（Multiple-input Single-output, MISO）物理层安全传输系统中的最小反馈比特数问题。论文对信道方向信息采用基于随机矢量量化（Random Vector Quantization, RVQ）的码本反馈方法,首先定量分析了RVQ量化导致的系统保密速率损失,充分考虑不同发送信噪比条件与量化误差的特点,推导出了所需最小反馈比特数的闭合表达式。分析表明为保持恒定的遍历保密容量损失,反馈比特数应随对数信噪比及(Nt-1)线性变化（Nt为发送天线数）。理论分析和仿真结果表明,依据本文得到的闭合表达式调整反馈比特数,可以满足系统的安全性能要求。现有研究没有考虑信噪比较低的情况,而本文的结论适用于各种信噪比情况,对于人工噪声辅助的物理层安全传输策略实用化具有指导意义。      

Data Rate Loss Due to Quantized SNR Estimates in Adaptive Bit Loading Algorithms

Adaptive bit loading enables OFDM systems to optimize the transmit power levels and/or transmission data rates. These algorithms require the knowledge of ideal signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each data subcarrier at both the transmitter and the receiver. However, in practice the channel SNR can only be obtained and shared between the destination and the information source in a quantized fashion. In this paper, we analyze the effect of SNR quantization on the system data rate. We analytically obtain the average data rate loss due to quantization of SNR estimates. We show, via measurement results on powerline communication channels, that the effect of SNR quantization on the system data rate is not negligible if a midtread quantizer with less than 8 bits is used in the SNR estimation process for powerline communications. We also compare obtained results with theoretical capacity values in order to emphasize the data rate loss due to making use of quantized SNR estimates.     

GNSS接收机长码快速直捕技术研究与实现

针对全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)接收机中的长码快速直捕算法,对基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)的循环相关算法和多段匹配滤波器+FFT算法的原理和架构进行了详细分析,同时将阵列天线技术应用于GNSS接收机上,提高了低信噪比下的长码直捕性能。在同一个硬件平台上,2种算法都得到了很好的工程实现,并对试验数据进行了分析和比较。结果表明2种算法各有优缺点,在较低的信噪比和高动态的环境下均能快速有效地完成长码的直接捕获,对GNSS接收机的快速定位和导航具有一定的现实意义。     

On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas

This paper is motivated by the need for fundamental understanding of ultimate limits of bandwidth efficient delivery of higher bit-rates in digital wireless communications and to also begin to look into how these limits might be approached. We examine exploitation of multi-element array (MEA) technology, that is processing the spatial dimension (not just the time dimension) to improve wireless capacities in certain applications. Specifically, we present some basic information theory results that promise great advantages of using MEAs in wireless LANs and building to building wireless communication links. We explore the important case when the channel characteristic is not available at the transmitter but the receiver knows (tracks) the characteristic which is subject to Rayleigh fading. Fixing the overall transmitted power, we express the capacity offered by MEA technology and we see how the capacity scales with increasing SNR for a large but practical number, n, of antenna elements at both transmitter and receiver.We investigate the case of independent Rayleigh faded paths between antenna elements and find that with high probability extraordinary capacity is available. Compared to the baseline n = 1 case, which by Shannon's classical formula scales as one more bit/cycle for every 3 dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increase, remarkably with MEAs, the scaling is almost like n more bits/cycle for each 3 dB increase in SNR. To illustrate how great this capacity is, even for small n, take the cases n = 2, 4 and 16 at an average received SNR of 21 dB. For over 99% of the channels the capacity is about 7, 19 and 88 bits/cycle respectively, while if n = 1 there is only about 1.2 bit/cycle at the 99% level. For say a symbol rate equal to the channel bandwith, since it is the bits/symbol/dimension that is relevant for signal constellations, these higher capacities are not unreasonable. The 19 bits/cycle for n = 4 amounts to 4.75 bits/symbol/dimension while 88 bits/cycle for n = 16 amounts to 5.5 bits/symbol/dimension. Standard approaches such as selection and optimum combining are seen to be deficient when compared to what will ultimately be possible. New codecs need to be invented to realize a hefty portion of the great capacity promised.     

有限测试距离对GNSS抗干扰天线阵远场测试的影响

文章分析了暗室测试中有限测试距离对GNSS抗干扰天线阵测量结果的影响.在固定波束情况下,远场测试条件遵循经典结论,即在待测天线与探头天线距离大于2D²/λ（D为待测天线有效孔径）时,有限测试距离对方向图主瓣影响很小,但会掩盖方向图波瓣零点;在自适应处理情况下,由于自适应权会自动补偿干扰导向矢量误差,所以有限距离误差并不会对零点的位置和深度造成影响,对方向图除零点之外部分的增益造成一定偏差,但是这些增益偏差不会对抗干扰天线阵的平均阵列增益覆盖率造成显著影响.所以,在满足经典远场条件的暗室内进行抗干扰测试,接收机的干扰抑制能力和可用性能均不会受到影响.     

一种小尺寸极化阵列及其高精度定位波束形成

提出一种偶极子天线单元构成的极化敏感阵列用于全球卫星导航信号的接收,经过阵列信号波束形成后,在抗干扰的同时保留卫星导航信号中载波相位测量值的准确性,可用于基于载波相位测量的高精度差分定位。与传统的圆极化天线阵列相比,该阵列具有阵元构造简单、尺寸小的特点。通过建立极化阵列接收信号模型,分析了天线极化和波束形成算法对卫星导航信号相位的影响,给出了相适应的相位中心稳定的数字波束形成算法。仿真验证了分析的正确性和算法的有效性。