低轨遥感卫星Ka频段捕获跟踪的设计及应用

随着对地观测技术的快速发展,遥感卫星空间分辨力的不断提高,星地链路传输的信息量越来越大,码速率越来越高,数据传输频段已经由传统的X频段扩展到Ka频段,以满足海量遥感数据传输的需求。但Ka频段低轨遥感卫星波束非常窄,遥感卫星地面接收系统需要具备良好的跟踪性能,才能实现系统稳定的捕获跟踪,保证接收数据的质量。文中通过对跟踪方式和跟踪精确度方面进行分析和论证,优化捕获跟踪流程,实现对低轨遥感卫星Ka频段的捕获跟踪。文中提出利用S频段跟踪引导Ka频段跟踪的方式,高低仰角采用不同的优化流程设计,结合高分辨力对地观测系统重大专项的先期研究内容和某地面接收站进行了设计验证,结果表明,可实现低轨遥感卫星Ka频段的捕获跟踪,待时机成熟,可进行工程应用。     

基于北斗2代的定位跟踪系统

主要描述了基于北斗2代卫星的定位跟踪系统的实现,该系统由北斗卫星系统、CDMA通信网络、信标终端、服务器和监控中心组成。信标终端启动时间小于45 s,语音拾取范围2~3 m,定位精度小于10 m。具有精度更好、通信速度更快、安全性更高的特点,并具备CDMA信号丢失下的信息自动存储、信号恢复后的信息补传功能,能够完整地还原目标的整个运动轨迹。     

基于STK实现中继卫星业务运行可视化

跟踪与数据中继卫星系统搭建了中低轨航天器及其地面站通信的桥梁,实现了信息的实时传输,并提高了突发事件的应对能力。为对跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)调度业务的质量以及效率进行有效评估,在STK功能和接口的基础上,提出了基于STK通信组件(STKX)的跟踪与中继卫星实时场景仿真及其原型系统实现的技术方法,设计并实现了中继卫星针对中继业务的运行可视化系统。仿真结果表明,基于STKX的仿真平台能够满足中继卫星地面终端对中继任务的实时任务监控以及业务调度评估需求。     

基于软件无线电的S频段通用化TDRSS用户终端

介绍了一种S频段通用化跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(Tracking&Data Relay Satellite System,TDRSS)用户终端的实现方案,重点论述了射频通道的通用化设计和数字处理模块的实现。对70 MHz中频信号直接欠采样数字化后,利用FPGA完成中频处理的所有流程,实现了一个硬件平台满足不同通信频点、扩频伪码和信息速率的需求。系统具有体积小、重量轻的特点,适合应用于微小卫星平台。测试结果表明,能满足常规中继测控通信指标要求。     

新一代高效卫星导航信号研究

本文介绍了以连续相位载波形式构建导航卫星信号,将测距码的随机性承载在相位变化率上,在具备很高的频谱利用率的同时,更利于锁相环结构捕获与跟踪信号。使下一代GNSS具备多频段和多频点灵活部署能力,并可实现导航数据与其他信息的高速率数据传输。     

《电讯技术》专题资料 《国外航天测控技术的新发展》题要(一)

第二代TDRSS卫星的多址波束形成分系统跟踪与数据中继卫星系统 (TDRSS)多址 (MA)返向业务提供了一条从用户平台 (卫星或另一种发射机 )发出信号 ,经同步轨道的跟踪与数据中继卫星 (TDRS)返回给用户控制中心或数据捕获站的通信路径。传统的运行方式是根据由用户请求生成的时间表向天基网用户提供多址业务。多址业务目前向用户平台提供返向链路遥测业务 ,具有实时、回放特性 ,科学数据速率为 1 0 0kbps。支持近地航天器的Ka频段测控能力鉴于S、X和Ku频段频谱连续出现且不断增加的拥塞现象以及美国国家宇航局(NASA)对航天器高数据传…     

低轨卫星L频段中继通信载荷技术研究

针对深远海和陆基间高速率实时数据通信需求,完成了一种应用于低轨卫星的高集成度、低成本、低功耗L频段中继通信载荷的设计和实现。该中继通信载荷将通信天线、射频前端、信号处理单元、电源变换单元和接口单元等集成化设计。接收前端采用有源相控阵天线设计,发射前端设计了GaN功率放大器以提高接收单元獹/T值和发射单元等效全向辐射功率(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power,EIRP)。信号处理单元集成了零中频接收结构和直接射频调制结构,可完成反向链路8Mb/s载荷数据接收解调及前向链路数据处理转发的功能。载荷单机和装星后的环境模拟测试以及星地通信回路模拟测试结果表明,装星载荷可实现L频段卫星通信。整机质量为12.87 kg,在工作温度-25℃～+55℃范围内,发射端功率放大器输出大于30 W时,最大功耗为91.2 W(3.04 A/30 V)。     

天通一号数传终端在海洋浮标上的应用

海洋浮标作为海洋数据观测站,能够完成自动、全天候地对海洋环境数据进行采集和传输,得到了广泛的应用。"天通一号"是我国自主知识产权的卫星移动通信系统,具有使用灵活、终端功耗低、尺寸小,保密性强等优点,可满足海洋浮标远离陆地时对于大量数据传输、数据保密性强的需求。文章在分析我国海洋浮标设备以及常用通信手段的基础上,设计了一款基于"天通一号"卫星移动通信系统的海洋浮标通信终端,并对终端实现方案和主要技术指标进行了分析。该终端可以为我国海洋浮标通信提供一种高可靠的解决方案。     

中继终端跟踪接收机的设计

中低轨航天器中继终端常采用自动跟踪技术,完成对数据中继卫星的捕获跟踪,建立高速数据中继传输链路。文章针对中继终端应用需求,给出了一种典型的单通道单脉冲接收设备主要性能设计,通过MAT-LAB/Simulink软件仿真验证证明设计可行。     

中继通信无人机天线自动跟踪平台设计

为了进一步扩展微小型无人机中继通信的覆盖范围,提高通信带宽和通信质量,设计研制了基于信号接收强度（RSSI）盲估计跟踪的天线自动跟踪平台,通过实时获取通信接收机的RSSI实现地面定向天线对中继无人机的动态跟踪。采用卡尔曼滤波算法对提取的RSSI信号进行优化处理;利用矩形扫描方式提高初始捕获速度;利用单天线步进式“十字”跟踪方法完成天线动态跟踪。设计了自动跟踪平台的软硬件并进行了测试,结果表明：设计的跟踪平台具有较好的跟踪速度与跟踪精度,能满足无人机对定向天线自跟踪的需要。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.