Extraktive Stofftrennverfahren in der Biotechnologie

Separation processes employing extraction in biotechnology. This publication describes separation processes involving extraction used in biotechnology, such as are being studied at the Institute for Thermal Process Engineering and Environmental Engineering at the Technical University of Graz, Austria. It is shown that research in this area is also on the increase due to the rapidly growing need for processes. Reactive extraction and liquid membrane permeation are powerful tools for the separation, concentration, and purification of polar organic compounds such as carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids. High pressure extraction has the advantage that no contamination of the desired materials takes place with carbon dioxide; however, this is offset by the high price of the process. In certain cases, when only low partitioning can be achieved by conventional extraction whereas enrichment is a predominant criterion, salting out could provide an answer.     

Physikalisch-chemische Trennverfahren in der Biotechnologie

Physicochemical separation processes in biotechnology. A number of special features of the work-up of products of biotechnological processes play a decisive role in selection of a separation process. Thus the products generally have to be isolated from dilute aqueous solutions. Moreover, the substances to be isolated are generally sensitive to external influences such as temperature or pH value and have to be isolated from mixtures with chemically similar compounds. Demands for greater selectivity of separation are met by processes based on differences in molecular structure of the substances to be separated. These include separation methods which have practically no significance in chemical engineering, e. g. chromatographic, membrane, and electrophoretic processes. The development of industrially utilizable processes to exploit the high separation efficiency of the physicochemical techniques requires close collaboration between process engineers and chemists.     

Prozessentwicklung in der Biotechnologie – Ein Rückblick

Process Development in the Biotechnology – A Review The review considers some problems of process development in the biotechnology and presents their solutions on examples, which were developed in cooperation with industrial partners. These processes include the production of restriktion endonuclease EcoRI by recombinant Escherichia coli, Penicillin V by Penicillium chrysogenum, Xylanase by Aspergillus awamori, Cephalosporin C by Acremonium chrysogenum, Erythritol by Moniliella tomentosa var pollinis, and alkaline serine protease by Bacillus licheniformis. Herewith special attention is called to the practical aspects of the product development.     

Messung des pH‐Werts in der Biotechnologie

The most used measuring principles for the determination of the pH are of electrochemical and optical nature. As measuring system glass electrodes and indicator papers are known by every user. Beside this there are further measuring principles for special applications for example the pH determination in tissues, pastes or under extreme process conditions. Furthermore there are methods like NMR for pH‐measurement, which will always relegate to a niche existence because of their complex and expensive apparatus. This article gives an overview of the different available methods and discusses potential applications.     

Einsatz von Pervaporation-Bioreaktor-Hybridprozessen in der Biotechnologie

Use of Pervaporation/Bioreactor Hybrid Processes in Biotechnology Pervaporation is a membrane separation process with considerable innovative possibilities in the area of biotechnology. Above all, the combination of bioreactor and pervaporation has potential in the longer term as an alternative to conventional batch processes. This article considers the state of the art of pervaporation/bioreactor hybrid processes. The possible applications of such hybrid processes are discussed and compared with conventional processes. It becomes apparent that the use of pervaporation/bioreactor hybrid processes can avoid product inhibition and greatly enhance the productivity of biotechnological processes.     

Der Einfluss der Biotechnologie auf Produktionsverfahren in der Chemieindustrie

Impact of Biotechnology Production Processes in the Chemical Industry An actual market study of Festel Capital shows that the impact of biotechnology on industrial production processes in the chemical industry will further increase. Of special interest is the production of fine chemicals, in particular of enantiomerically pure active ingredients for the agro‐ and pharmaceutical industry. The production costs are the decisive driving force for a change to biotechnological production processes. The goals are set towards simplifying processes and savings regarding raw materials and waste products. Apart from production costs, other factors generally do not play an important role in the choice of the production process. However, an important aspect is the accessibility of new biotech products that can not be produced by conventional processes.     

Aktuelle Probleme und Entwicklungen in der Biotechnologie

Current problems and developments in biotechnology . Current developments in the field of biotechnology together with the actual problems are described with the aid of some examples. The new field of biotechnology has arisen especially from three methods, viz. gene technology, immobilized biocatalysts, and new developments in process technology. The influence of these methods on the development production techniques for ethanol, glycerol, HFCS, various secondary compounds, proteins, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, products from plant cells, but also on environmental biotechnology is described. These examples show that ?classic”? biotechnology has greatly expanded by application of the methods presented. However, a comparison with the development of microprocessors is not yet possible.