H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪性能试验研究

通过13个在单调荷载作用下H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的推出试验,对其破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性和纵向剪力传递性能进行了研究,分析了栓钉数量、栓钉直径、栓钉布置方式、型钢翼缘宽度、腹部混凝土箍筋布置方式及加载方式等对受剪承载力的影响。试验结果表明：H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的主要破坏形态为外包混凝土劈裂破坏和栓钉剪断破坏;典型的荷载-滑移曲线可分为3个特征阶段,分别为无滑移阶段、荷载上升段及荷载下降段;腹部栓钉有效地提高了部分外包混凝土组合构件的纵向受剪承载力,且受剪承载力随栓钉直径的增大和栓钉数量的增加而增大;腹部栓钉纵向布置优于横向布置,栓钉纵向偏心布置对受剪承载力影响较小;宽翼缘型钢能更好地约束腹部混凝土,提高其受剪承载力;腹部箍筋不同布置方式对极限荷载的影响较小;通过分析构件的受力机理和纵向剪力传递模式,提出了H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪承载力算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

高温下钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉抗剪性能研究

对15个试件进行常温和高温下推出试验,研究钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉的抗剪性能,得到混凝土楼板和栓钉不同位置处的温度分布以及栓钉受剪承载力随温度的退化规律。试验结果表明,钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉在常温和高温下的破坏均为栓钉剪断破坏,栓钉根部混凝土局部压碎,但是与平板混凝土板中栓钉的破坏位置不同,所研究的栓钉剪断破坏的位置在钢梁上翼缘处,而不是在栓钉根部焊缝处,这也在很大程度上导致了钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉受剪承载力比平板混凝土板中栓钉低。钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉的受剪承载力和刚度均随温度的升高而降低。通过对试验数据的分析,提出了钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉高温下受剪承载力和荷载-滑移曲线的计算方法。     

配置栓钉钢板与外包高强混凝土界面黏结-滑移性能研究

为了提高剪力墙内钢板与高强混凝土界面的黏结 滑移性能,进行了10个配置列阵栓钉抗剪键的钢板外包高强混凝土墙板试件的推出试验。试件设计参数包括混凝土强度、栓钉长径比、拉结筋构造等。通过分析荷载-滑移曲线、黏结强度等性能指标,研究了不同参数对钢板与外包高强混凝土间黏结-滑移性能的影响。给出了钢板外包高强混凝土剪力墙中栓钉的受剪承载力计算公式,得到了不同构造下黏结-滑移本构关系。研究表明:混凝土强度对钢板外包高强混凝土剪力墙黏结强度的影响呈正相关;栓钉长径比不小于4且不大于8时,增大长径比对界面受剪承载力的提高影响不大;将拉结筋取代部分栓钉后可大幅度提高钢板外包混凝土剪力墙的残余黏结强度。给出的钢板高强混凝土剪力墙内栓钉受剪承载力拟合计算式所得结果以及黏结 滑移本构关系拟合曲线与试验结果均符合较好,可为工程应用提供参考。     

Shear behavior of partially encased steel-concrete composite specimens under tension

为了研究型钢与部分外包混凝土的在拉力作用下的纵向剪力传递性能,对6个部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件进行了轴拉试验,对其破坏形态和荷载-滑移曲线进行了分析。试验中主要考虑了型钢与腹部混凝土的黏结长度、混凝土强度、栓钉连接件数量等影响因素。研究结果表明：部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件破坏形态主要表现为黏结破坏、混凝土压碎和栓钉剪断;轴拉试验和推出试验中无栓钉连接的部分外包型钢混凝土组合构件的黏结力均随着型钢与混凝土间的黏结长度的增加而增大;对于无栓钉和有栓钉组试件,轴拉试验和推出试验中型钢与混凝土间的受剪承载力均随着混凝土抗拉强度的增加而增大,且近似成线性关系;部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件的受剪承载力随栓钉数量的增加而增大;相较无栓钉组试件,采用2根栓钉连接和4根栓钉连接的轴拉试件,其受剪承载力分别可提高近100%和250%。     

Performance of cellular composite floor beams at elevated temperatures

This paper describes an experimental and numerical study at both ambient and elevated temperatures on the behaviour of full-scale composite floor cellular steel beams. A total of four specimens, comprising two different steel geometries and loading conditions were tested under monotonic loading and at elevated temperatures. All beams were designed for a full shear connection between the steel beam and the concrete flange using headed shear studs. The beams were designed to fail by web-post buckling, which was observed in all the tests. Failure temperature observed in the fire tests indicated that failure by web-post buckling of cellular beams in fire cannot simply be estimated by applying temperature dependent reduction factors on stiffness, as given in codes. A finite element model is then established with both material and geometrical non-linearity using shell elements to compare against the experimental results. The comparison between the finite element prediction and actual test results are quite good in terms of failure modes, load deflection behaviour and ultimate loads.     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of shear studs in assembled monolithic steel-concrete composite beam

为研究装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁中栓钉抗剪连接件的受力性能,设计了10个栓钉抗剪连接件,对其进行推出试验,得到了现浇混凝土板和预制混凝土板中栓钉抗剪连接件在单调和重复荷载作用下的界面剪力-滑移曲线以及破坏形态。结果表明：预制混凝土板中栓钉受剪承载力比现浇混凝土中栓钉受剪承载力略低,均为栓杆剪断和栓钉根部焊缝破坏;重复荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移明显大于单调荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移;重复荷载作用下的峰值界面剪力与单调荷载下的峰值界面剪力相当,其界面剪力-滑移曲线基本一致。     

单调荷载下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究

栓钉是钢-混凝土组合梁中常用的柔性受剪连接件。通过18个栓钉受剪试件在单调荷载下的推出试验,较系统地研究了混凝土强度等级、栓钉直径以及钢梁类型等参数对栓钉的破坏形态、破坏机理、荷载-滑移规律和极限受剪承载力的影响。研究表明:栓钉的受剪承载力随着混凝土强度等级的提高以及栓钉直径的增大而增加;轧制工字钢试件中栓钉的受剪承载力比焊接工字钢试件中的高10%~30%。在试验的基础上提出了栓钉受剪承载力的计算方法。     

高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土界面剪力传递性能研究

通过20个高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土短柱推出试验及2个常温下的对比试验,研究其破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性、界面剪切承载力等。试验结果表明：高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土推出试件的破坏形态与常温下大致相同,破坏以栓钉外侧混凝土劈裂为主;与常温下试件的荷载-滑移曲线相比,高温下推出试件荷载-滑移曲线的上升段相对平缓,在较小的荷载作用下即产生相对滑移,滑移刚度相对减小;当升温最高温度的持续时间相同时,试件的界面剪切承载力随最高温度的提高而降低,其中从常温到最高温度达到400℃以前,试件的界面剪切承载力随最高温度提高下降很快,而最高温度超过400℃以后,界面剪切承载力随最高温度提高下降的趋势减缓;当升温最高温度一定时,随着最高温度持续时间的增加,试件的界面剪切承载力降低。引入高温下界面剪切承载力影响系数,提出高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土界面剪切承载力计算式,计算结果与试验结果相比总体偏于安全。     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

高温后型钢混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

对5个高温后型钢混凝土柱试件和3个常温下对比柱试件进行低周反复加载试验,研究高温后型钢混凝土柱的承载力和抗震性能。由试验获得了高温后型钢混凝土柱的破坏形态和滞回曲线,分析了剪跨比、轴压比、受火时间对高温后型钢混凝土柱滞回特性、延性、耗能能力、承载力及刚度退化的影响。结果表明：高温后剪跨比为1.5的型钢混凝土柱的破坏形态与常温下基本相同,剪跨比为2.5的型钢混凝土柱的破坏形态则发生明显变化,常温下发生弯曲型破坏的柱在高温后往往发生黏结破坏。与常温下的型钢混凝土柱相比,高温后型钢混凝土柱的滞回曲线更加饱满、骨架曲线的上升段和下降段更为平缓、位移延性系数略有增大、耗能能力更强。高温后型钢混凝土柱的延性、耗能能力与剪跨比、轴压比密切相关。位移延性系数随剪跨比的增大而增大,随轴压比的增大而减小;剪跨比越大,破坏时的等效阻尼比越大。经历高温作用后,型钢混凝土柱的刚度和承载力退化显著,初始刚度退化程度随剪跨比的增大而减小,屈服后刚度和受剪承载力退化程度随剪跨比的增大而加大。提出了火灾高温后型钢混凝土柱受剪承载力计算式,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

圆钢管活性粉末混凝土界面黏结性能

为研究钢管活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的界面黏结性能,以径厚比、长径比和混凝土抗压强度为变化参数,设计了21个圆钢管RPC试件并对其进行静力推出试验。分析了试件的破坏过程与形态、荷载-滑移曲线、黏结强度和钢管表面应变分布,结果表明：钢管RPC的荷载-滑移曲线分为峰值荷载点后有明显下降段、峰值荷载点后曲线平稳和曲线持续上升三类,取峰值点或第一拐点对应的荷载为黏结破坏荷载;界面初期黏结力由化学胶着力提供,随后转化为机械咬合力和摩阻力,后期则主要由界面摩擦力提供;钢管RPC的黏结强度随着套箍系数增加而增大,钢管主要在加载后期发挥约束作用,其表面纵向应变沿高度方向大致呈指数分布。考虑长径比和套箍系数对实测黏结强度的影响,建立了考虑双因素影响的钢管RPC黏结强度计算模型,理论计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

T形肋GFRP抗剪连接件的静载推出试验

为改善玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）与混凝土的界面粘结性能,进行了3组共计9个T形肋GFRP抗剪连接件的静载推出试验,主要考虑了T形肋内开孔及横向穿孔钢筋2个参数对其抗剪性能的影响,得到了破坏形态、裂缝分布规律及荷载 相对滑移关系,分析了T形肋对GFRP抗剪连接件粘结滑移性能、极限承载力以及破坏机理的影响。基于试验得到的破坏机理建立了T形肋GFRP抗剪连接件的极限承载力计算公式。结果表明:T形肋增加了GFRP抗剪连接件与混凝土的接触面积,提高了界面的粘结力;界面出现滑移后,T形肋孔内的混凝土榫或钢筋混凝土榫能提供更好的抗剪性能;孔内是否配置横向穿孔钢筋将导致试件出现2种不同的破坏形态。     

钢桥面-薄层CRRPC组合结构栓钉连接件抗剪疲劳性能研究

采用推出试验和弯曲疲劳试验,研究钢桥面板与薄层CRRPC铺装层间栓钉连接件抗剪疲劳性能。基于Von Mises材料破坏准则和双线性本构关系,对 推出试验模型进行有限元分析、静力试验和疲劳试验,得到不同加载比和界面联接方式下的滑移-加载循环次数曲线,以及栓钉连接件抗剪承载力;开展足 尺组合梁弯曲疲劳试验,考察组合桥面系统中栓钉整体抗剪疲劳性能。研究结果表明：加载比是影响栓钉抗剪疲劳寿命关键因素之一,对于推出疲劳试验, 加载比建议取0.4;钢板与CRRPC间的黏结效应是影响疲劳寿命另一重要因素,对于存在黏结效应的推出试件,在0.5的加载比下等效疲劳寿命可以达到92.2 万次,但无黏结时,疲劳寿命仅为16.9万次;控制栓钉间距是提高组合桥面抗剪疲劳性能的有效方式,在等效实桥应力幅下,即使钢板-CRRPC间不存在黏结 效应,栓钉布距为125mm×125mm,经过8888.9万次疲劳加载,组合梁界面仍没有发生疲劳破坏。     

高温后钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

通过对7根高温后钢筋混凝土短柱试件和1根常温对比试件的拟静力试验,研究受火时间、轴压比和剪跨比对火灾后钢筋混凝土短柱的破坏形态、受剪承载力、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性比、滞回耗能等的影响。利用有限元程序计算了高温后截面混凝土抗压强度的平均折减系数,提出了四周受火后钢筋混凝土柱受剪承载力的计算方法。研究结果表明：高温后短柱的受剪承载力随受火时间的增加、剪跨比的增大而减小;剪跨比对受火前后受剪承载力影响变化的程度相差较小;高温后短柱的受剪承载力先随轴压比的增大而增大,但当轴压比增大至界限轴压比后,受剪承载力反将降低,且高温后柱的界限轴压比较未受火时有减小趋势;提出的高温后钢筋混凝土柱受剪承载力计算式具有一定的安全保证率,可用于火灾后该类构件受剪性能的损伤评定。     

Experimental analysis of shear connection between steel and lightweight concrete

This work describes the experimental tests carried out at the University of Minho to evaluate the behaviour of shear connection between steel and lightweight concrete. Two types of shear connectors are studied in the experimental campaign. These are headed studs with 19 mm, 22 mm and 25 mm of shank diameter and Perfobond rib with circular openings. The standard push-out test, as defined in EN 1994-1-1, is chosen for this analysis. The connection behavior is analysed in terms of its load-slip relation and the failure modes are identified. Also, the load capacity, maximum slip, elastic slip and plastic slip are quantified. Some of the push-out tests performed try to isolate the components of the steel to concrete connection in order to evaluate each one’s contribution. All the results that allow the characterisation of the connection between steel and lightweight concrete are compared with the results obtained by other authors with similar specimens made of normal density concrete.     

高温后喷水冷却圆钢管再生混凝土界面黏结性能试验研究

为了研究高温喷水冷却后圆钢管再生混凝土的界面黏结性能变化规律,以历经最高恒温温度、再生粗骨料取代率、界面锚固长度为3个变化参数,进行了27个高温喷水冷却后圆钢管再生混凝土试件和2个自然冷却试件（对照组）的静力推出试验,以位移控制的加载方式为主,使自由端的钢管单独受力（核心混凝土不受力）,圆钢管内的混凝土从下向上推出。通过试验观察了圆钢管再生混凝土试件破坏的全过程和形态,获取了加载端和自由端的荷载-滑移曲线,分析了各个变化参数对黏结性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：经过高温喷水冷却后,圆钢管再生混凝土试件加载端和自由端的荷载-滑移曲线形态相似,且和自然冷却试件的曲线相似,同时也和前期做的钢管普通混凝土的曲线具有相似性;加载端和自由端的荷载-滑移曲线大致分为上升段、缓慢下降段和平缓段;并且自由端的初始滑移晚于加载端。定义了极限黏结强度τu和残余黏结强度τr。圆钢管再生混凝土试件表面上应变沿试件高度方向大致呈指数分布。经历消防喷水冷却后,随历经最高温度的升高,黏结强度先增大后减小,在400 ℃时,黏结强度达到最大值,当大于400 ℃时,黏结强度降低。历经高温后试件的平均残余黏结强度分别是常温下试件的1.25倍、1.75倍、1.38倍和1.50倍。再生粗骨料取代率的变化对黏结强度的影响不明显,常温下γ=50%时,黏结强度达到最大值;温度为200 ℃且γ=75%时,黏结强度也为最大。这和自然冷却下钢管再生混凝土的结论类似。锚固长度的增大也使圆钢管再生混凝土试件平均极限黏结强度和残余黏结强度均有不同程度增大。提出了高温喷水冷却后圆钢管再生混凝土极限黏结强度和残余黏结强度的计算公式,用此公式所得计算结果均比较理想。今后对界面黏结性能的研究,可以从增加钢管内壁的粗糙度、钢管内部加入加劲肋和钢管内增设不同长度的螺栓角度进行探讨,进而进一步丰富界面黏结性能的理论研究,以期为消防喷水后建筑结构构件的其他力学性能提供理论基础,同时为现实生活中火灾后钢-混凝土组合结构的灾后评估和加固提供参考。     

The influence of profiled sheeting thickness and shear connector’s position on strength and ductility of headed shear connector

A three-dimensional finite element model is developed, validated and used in the parametric study to investigate the influence of shear stud’s position and profiled sheeting thickness on the strength, ductility and failure modes of the headed shear stud welded to the modern profiled sheeting. A total of 240 push tests were analysed with different sheeting thicknesses, positions of the shear stud in the trough, concrete strengths and transverse spacings. The results showed that the sheeting thickness influenced the shear connector resistance of studs placed in the unfavourable position more than studs placed in favourable and central positions. The strength of the shear connector placed in the unfavourable position increased by as much as 30% when the sheeting thickness was increased. The shear connector resistance of the unfavourable stud was found to be primarily a function of the strength and the thickness of the profiled sheeting rather than the concrete strength. The strength prediction equations for unfavourable and central studs were also proposed. The results suggested that the strength of the shear connector increased as the distance of the shear stud increased from the mid-height of the deck rib in the load bearing direction of the stud. The load-slip behaviour of the studs in the unfavourable position was more ductile than the studs in the favourable position, with slip of 2-4 times higher. It was found that the increase in sheeting thickness and transverse spacing improved the ductility of the stud in unfavourable position, but had no effect on the stud in the favourable position. The failure modes suggested that the favourable and central studs failed by concrete cone failure and unfavourable studs failed by rib punching together with crushing of the narrow strip of the concrete in front of the stud.     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱受火后轴压性能试验研究

为研究部分预制装配型钢混凝土(PPSRC)柱在受火后的受压性能,开展了8个足尺PPSRC柱试件在历经ISO 834标准明火试验后的轴压试验和1个未受火PPSRC柱对比试件的轴压试验,研究核心部分混凝土强度、配箍间距及截面尺寸对标准受火条件下试件截面温度-时间曲线、轴压荷载-位移曲线和剩余承载力的影响。结果表明：RPC预制外壳能对内部型钢和核心混凝土起到良好保护作用;箍筋间距、现浇混凝土强度对截面温度场影响不大,型钢保护层越大,截面内部温度升高越慢且最高温度越低;PPSRC柱受火后轴压破坏形态与常温下类似;核心混凝土强度增加,试件承载力增大;箍筋间距减小对受火后试件承载力提高有利。     

Performance of steel H columns loaded under uniform temperature

This paper presents the experimental results for a series of H steel columns under fire load. The width-to-thickness ratio of steel plates and the slenderness ratios of steel columns are two dominating factors linked to local buckling and global buckling of columns, respectively. To evaluate the influence of these two factors on the structural behavior of steel columns in fire conditions, a series of H steel columns were loaded to their limit states at specified temperature levels. The steady state method has been adopted in order to derive the structural behavior of steel columns at specified temperatures directly.On the basis of the experimental results, it has been found that steel columns with non-compact section are able to reach yield strength at elevated temperature. That is, the width-to-thickness ratio, designed in accordance with current ambient temperature specifications, is capable of preventing brittle failure of steel columns in fire conditions. Depending on the slenderness ratio, the failure of steel columns may change from global buckling at ambient temperature to local buckling at elevated temperature. For plastic section columns with a slenderness ratio greater than 50, column strength drops dramatically to 40% of its strength at ambient temperature. At temperature levels of 500 ^°C, the column retains more than 70% of its ambient temperature strength if the slenderness ratio of the column is less than 50. However, in the case of temperature levels exceeding 500 ^°C, or when the slenderness ratio is greater than 50, column strength drops significantly. On the basis of this study, it is tentatively suggested that 500 ^°C be adopted as the critical temperature for steel members subjected to compression in order to ensure that the column strength keeps higher than 2/3 of the ambient temperature yield strength. The slenderness ratio of steel columns should be limited to 50, so as to prevent brittle failure of steel columns under fire attack.     

高温后钢筋混凝土梁剩余承载性能试验研究

通过对7根高温后钢筋混凝土简支梁试件和3根常温对比梁试件的静力试验,研究受火时间、剪跨比、配箍率、楼板翼缘对钢筋混凝土梁剩余受剪性能和剩余受弯性能的影响。利用有限元程序,分析ISO 834标准升降温全过程对混凝土梁截面内各点最高过火温度的影响,提出了三面受火后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的计算方法。研究结果表明：高温作用使梁的受弯承载力和受剪承载力降低、挠度增大;楼板翼缘对梁的受弯承载力具有一定的提高作用,但对受剪承载力影响不大;降温段对截面内部混凝土曾经历的最高过火温度影响较大,梁截面宽度250 mm、高度400 mm的混凝土矩形截面按ISO 834标准曲线三面受火1h、2h后,是否考虑降温段可使截面内最高过火温度最大相差283、251℃;提出的高温后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力计算式具有一定的安全保证率。