B41 经皮球囊导管二尖瓣分离术后复发及并发症的超声心动图随访──附七例报告

本文报告了经皮球囊导管二尖瓣分离术后44例患者经我们用二维超声心动图随访检查现风心病、二尖瓣狭窄复发5例;二尖瓣前叶脱垂1例;心包积血1例。二尖瓣狭窄复发的5例患者中,男性2例、女性3例;年龄23～48岁;随访时间为9个月～30个月。术后二尖瓣狭窄复发的发病率占随访人数的11.36%(5/44),占术后病人总数的2.33%(5/215);术后并发症的发病率占随访人数的4.55%(2/44),占术后病人总数的0.93%(2/215)。术前超声心动图检查,4例患者的二尖瓣前、后瓣叶均有明显增厚、钙化,二尖瓣前叶活动曲线CE幅度测值小于15毫米;另1例检查结果不详(外地检查)。术…     

应用冷冻治疗尖锐湿疣350例疗效观察

尖锐湿疣是一种常见的性传播疾病,发病率逐年增加,国内资料统计,其发病率占第二位。我科应用冷冻治疗取得显著疗效,是治疗尖锐湿疣有效疗法,值得推广应用。临床资料 1.性别:男性210例,女性140例,男:女=1.5:1。 2.年龄:最小者14岁,最大者65岁,青壮年310例,占病人总数88.57％。 3.冶游史:350例中,有冶游史(或配偶患同样疾病)者265例,占75.71％。 4.发病部位:男性冠状沟120例,包皮35例,尿道外口25例,肛周5例,多个部位     

350例尖锐湿疣冷冻后二年随访

尖锐湿疣是一种常见的性传播疾病,发病率逐年增加,国内资料统计,其发病率占第二位。我科于1982年至1990年采用冷冻治愈350例尖锐湿疣,并且进行冷冻治疗后二年随访观察报告如下。 一、一般资料: 350例患者中,男性210例,女性140例。年龄最小者14岁,最大者65岁,青壮年310例,占患者总数88.57％。     

免费孕前优生健康检查对象潜在危险因素接触和妊娠结局分析

分析并报告上海市静安区免费孕前优生健康检查后待孕夫妇不良妊娠结局潜在影响因素接触情况以及妊娠率和妊娠结局,为免费孕前健康检查政府实施项目效果的评估提供基础数据。对2011年8月—2012年11月在静安区参加免费孕前优生健康检查的所有对象在其检查结束后的3个月、6个月、12个月进行随访,重点关注不良妊娠结局潜在危险因素接触情况以及妊娠时间和妊娠结局。统计方法为χ2检验、寿命表、Logistic回归分析。在目标时段内共有1 480对夫妇参加了免费孕前优生健康检查,其中1 249对服务对象接受了随访,随访率为84.4%。截至2013年4月,48.7%的随访对象已经受孕,孕前检查后3个月调查累积妊娠率为23.9%,6个月调查累积妊娠率为45.0%。365人完成妊娠结局的随访,结果显示,早产率为3.0%,低出生体重率为4.3%,巨大儿发生率为3.3%。自然流产率为6.3%。另外,发现出生缺陷1人,占妊娠妇女数的0.16%,占有妊娠结局妇女数的0.27%。烟酒等不良生活习惯丈夫的比例(18%~20%)高于妻子(1%~3%),77%的丈夫和妻子接受潜在电磁辐射的时间超过8 h。9%的夫妇自述生活和工作中接触重金属以及农药、化肥等潜在致畸物。超过10%的妻子在怀孕以后接触了潜在致畸物。初步分析未发现上述因素与不良妊娠结局的关系。静安区孕前健康检查后半年内妇女妊娠率不到50%,有必要在上海乃至全国开展免费孕前健康检查的成本效益评估。     

B9 二维多普勒超声心动图诊断动脉导管未闭的价值

1986年1月至1990年10月在本院经手术的动脉导管未闭术前行二维多普勒超声心动图检查的患者共70例。男性17例,女性53例,男女之比为 1:3. 1。年龄4～40岁,平均18.8±8岁,其中大于18岁的成年人39例,占55.7%。除2例术前经心导管道行主动脉造影外,余均未行有创性检查。使用仪器有美国ATL MK-600及日本TOSHIBA SSH-160A,探头频率2.5及3.75MHz。二维超声重点检查胸骨旁主肺动脉长轴及胸骨上凹主动脉长轴。如在降主动脉起始部和主肺动脉分支处之间显示液性管状暗区者为阳性,并测量其内径;脉冲多普勒取样容积(SV)置于导管处及主动脉内反复探…     

自然流产的细胞遗传学研究进展

自然流产是妊娠并发症,指妊娠在28周之前自然终止,其发病率在15%~40%。近年来在辅助生育技术的使用中,同样面临着较高的自然流产率的问题。自然流产的病因十分复杂,除了遗传因素以外,还包括解剖因素、内分泌因素、感染因素、环境因素、免疫因素、血栓前状态以及母体的全身性疾病等等。自然流产的细胞遗传学研究,主要在两个方面,一是胚胎染色体的异常,包括染色体数量异常和结构异常;二是夫妇染色体的异常。在自然流产中胚胎染色体异常的检出率在60%左右,且随着流产次数的增加,染色体异常的比例下降。其中大部分为胚胎染色体数目异常如三体、三倍体及X单体等,较少为染色体结构异常,包括染色体断裂、倒置、缺失和易位等。在自然流产的夫妇中,尤其是反复自然流产的夫妇,其染色体异常的检出率在8%左右,且随着流产次数的增加异常的比例升高。成人染色体的异常多为染色体的平衡易位。随着细胞遗传学的检测技术的发展,从传统染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交技术到染色体微阵列芯片分析、第二代测序技术即高通量测序技术的相继应用,使得自然流产的遗传学方面的研究更加深入。自然流产的细胞遗传学的研究进展,对于自然流产的病因研究以及生育指导有着非常重要的意义。     

肺心病患者脾脏缩小的B超观察分析

资料与方法 本文筛选了我院1985年5月至1990年10月末,所就诊的520例肺心病患者及300例正常人的脾脏进行了B超检查。肺心病组520例,其中男性317人,女性203人,最低年龄22岁,最高年龄77岁。正常对照组300例,男性174人,女性126人,年龄在20岁至73岁之间。仪器为EUB-25M超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5MHz,测量方法采用右侧卧位,测量最大长径及厚径。 结果 观察结果显示肺心病组脾脏小于正常组脾脏,两者间有显著差异,具体见下表。 讨论 1.肺心病患者由于气管慢性炎症,阻塞性肺气肿,造成通气与换气功能障碍,影响肌体组织细胞代谢,削弱了体内的免疫功能,…     

职业驾驶人不良驾驶行为特征及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨职业驾驶人不良驾驶行为特征及其影响因素,为不良驾驶行为识别控制提供理论依据.方法 采用问卷调查法对我国杭州、西安、合肥三个城市公交及客运公司18560名职业驾驶人的不良驾驶行为进行现况调查.结果 （1）不良驾驶行为类别特征：故意违章类行为（53.25％）、过失类行为（40.06％）、陋习类行为（6.69％）;（2）不良驾驶行为的事故比例：引发的事故占事故总数82.17％,引发的重特大交通事故比例占90.68％;（3）不良驾驶行为时间特征：夏秋季多发,每天8点和17点为高发期;（4）不良驾驶行为环境特征：路口、弯道、直行道多发,晴天多发;（5）不良驾驶行为人群特征：职业驾驶人不良驾驶行为总体发生率为94.26％,男性多于女性,青年组（25-30岁）、低驾龄（1-3年）高发,频数分布存在个体差异.结论 不良驾驶行为的发生主要受时间、环境及个体自身因素影响,具有时间、环境、人群分布特征.     

我国人群血脂水平现状及其对策

回顾分析50年来我国健康人群血脂水平的变化，结果显示血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)随年龄而增高,50岁以前男女间无差别,50岁以后女性高于男性,城市居民高于农村居民；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)随年龄的变化不明显,男性低于女性；血TC、TG和LDL-C随年代而增高,20世纪90年代末达最高峰,而HDL-C则下降；血TC高于正常者(＞200～220 mg/dL)男性占17.8 %～54.9 %,女性占14.9 %～53.4 %，也随年代而增多；血脂水平的变化与饮食结构转变为低碳水化合物、高脂肪、高胆固醇有关。对策:恢复健康的饮食习惯,摄取平衡饮食；建立良好生活习惯，减少其他心血管病危险因素,特别建议进行体育锻炼；已有血脂异常,经饮食调节和体育锻炼3个月以上仍未见好转者,宜接受调脂药物治疗。     

尿毒症肾脏的超声诊断

本文总结了各种原因所致的慢性肾功能衰竭,尿毒症病人B型超声图像特点。 材料和方法 130例1985年4月～1990年7月的住院病人。其中男性94例,女性36例。年龄13-67岁,平均41岁。病情6个月～20年。所有患者均经肾内科确诊为慢性肾功能衰竭、尿毒症。发病原因主要为慢性肾炎(占90.7%),其它依次为肾结石(2.3%)、痛风肾(2.3%)、慢性肾孟肾炎(1.5%)、肾病综合症(1.5%)、高血压性肾病(0.08%)、多囊肾(0.08%)。超声仪器是ADR-2000型、超Mark4,西门子Sonoline L X,探头频率3.5MHz。详细记录每例患者肾脏的长、宽、厚,实质的厚度,回声情况,集合系统…     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...