Characteristics of a lead-scintillator calorimeter used to detect electron neutrinos

The response of a lead-liquid-scintillator calorimeter to electromagnetic and hadronic showers is reported. Operational characteristics, calibration, and the calculation of event energies are discussed. The hadronic resolution is measured to be ; the electromagnetic resolution . The charged current interactions of ν_e have been identified by exploiting the difference in energy deposition along the beam direction for electron and hadron showers. The efficiency and effectivenes of the technique are discussed.     

Test results of a BaF2 calorimeter tower with a wire chamber readout

The results from a calorimeter tower consisting of BaF₂ crystals coupled to photosensitive, low-pressure wire chambers are presented. The longitudinal and lateral shower development is shown. The results for 108 MeV and 200 MeV electrons yield an energy resolution of

Full-size image (<1K)

.     

Results from a test of a PbCu liquid argon calorimeter

Results from a test with a lead-copper calorimeter in liquid argon are presented. The electromagnetic energy resolution obtained is 10%/√E. For hadronic showers the software weighting technique is demonstrated to work. A hadronic energy resolution of 50%/√E is found.     

GEANT4 physics evaluation with testbeam data of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter

We evaluate the validity of the GEANT4 electromagnetic and hadronic physics models by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with GEANT4-based simulations. Two physics lists (LHEP and QGSP) for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. Calorimeter performance parameters like the energy resolution and shapes of showers are studied both for electrons and charged pions. Furthermore, throughout the paper we compare GEANT4 and the corresponding predictions of GEANT3 used with the G-CALOR code for hadronic shower development.     

Measurement of the resolution of a combined hodoscope calorimeter at 18 GeV and 38 GeV

The energy and spatial resolution of a combined detector consisting of the Cherenkov photon calorimeter GAMS-2000 and the modular hadron calorimeter MHC-100 has been studied at 18.5 and 38 GeV incident pion energies at the IHEP accelerator. The energy resolution of the combined setup is substantially improved by applying a correction based on the analysis of the lateral development of hadron showers in GAMS and MHC. It is shown that the parameters of the correction depend only weakly on the hadron energy. The influence of the gap between both photon and hadron calorimeters on the combined detector characteristics is of less importance with increasing energy.     

Gel-combustion-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles for visible light-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by the gel combustion technique using a bio-fuel, cassava starch (root tubers of Manihot esculenta), have been characterized by various techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals hexagonal wurtzite structure. The particle size averaged around 45 nm with an excellent band gap of 2.5 eV. The scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic images confirm the ZnO NPs to be agglomerated with loop- and chain-like morphology. The ZnO NPs prepared by this method is a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen generation (41 μmol h^?1 g^?1) under UV light illumination and (140 μmol h^?1 g^?1) under visible light illumination.

Open image in new window

Graphical Abstract ZnO nanaoparticles for Hydrogen generation