等截面侧向挤压的力学分析

等截面侧向挤压是实现材料纯剪切变形的有效方法。通过网格实验研究了等截面侧向挤压过程中材料的变形情况 ,结果表明塑性变形区仅位于模具通道拐点连线附近。通过几何分析推导出等截面侧向挤压等效应变计算公式 ,通过上限分析推导出等截面侧向挤压变形力计算公式 ,理论计算结果与实测值进行了对比。     

搅拌摩擦焊三维粘塑性热力耦合有限元数值模拟

针对搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding,FSW)的特点,建立了基于固体力学的刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元方程,并采用网格局部加密自适应跟随技术对FSW过程进行数值模拟,获得了焊接过程的温度、应力、应变分布特征及金属流动规律,预测焊接过程中所产生的缺陷.结果表明,FSW过程中试件的温度分布不对称,应变沿板厚的方向分布不一致,焊缝区产生了剧烈的塑性变形,因此FSW是一个典型的三维剧烈的塑性变形过程,热塑性变形机制是焊接接头形成的主要机制.     

STRAIN ANALYSIS OF LATERAL EXTRUSION PROCESS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ａｎｅｗｋｉｎｄｏｆｍｅｔｈｏｄ,ｅｑｕａｌｃｒｏｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｌａｔｅｒａｌｅｘｔｒｕｓｉｏｎ（ＥＣＳＬＥ）,ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｆｕｌｙｕｓｅｄｔｏｍａｋｅｕｌｔｒａｆｉｎｅｇｒａ...     

An upper bound solution for twist extrusion process

Twist extrusion, a promising severe plastic deformation technique for grain refinement down to ultrafine/nanocrystalline microstructures, was introduced as an attempt to provide large plastic deformation conditions similar to those in high pressure torsion while allowing large workpiece dimensions for industrial applications. As a relatively new severe plastic deformation technique, twist extrusion requires in-depth investigation of its plastic deformation characteristics. In this study, the twist extrusion process with a square shape die cavity has been analyzed using an upper bound solution to estimate the required power, deformation pattern, and optimum process condition. The analysis has been performed based on two kinematically admissible velocity fields while the effects of friction condition, die geometry, and mean equivalent strain have been considered. The results indicate that the die geometry and process parameters can dramatically change the deformation pattern and extrusion power.     

FE simulation of the influence of die-elasticity on component dimensions in forward extrusion

The elastic behaviour of the forming die has a direct influence on the quality of the formed component. Simulation of material flow and of die deflection during forward extrusion was conducted using elastic and plastic considerations to establish the influence of die-elasticity on the form of the component under different processing conditions.The simulations show that the dimensions of the work-material are affected by die-elasticity during both, loading and unloading of the die. The change of the die-geometry does not produce obvious differences in the dimensions of the extrudate; however, it influences the geometric errors of the workpiece which is retained in the die. Larger values of friction in the injection chamber result in the corresponding increase of punch pressure which results in larger radial deflection of the die during extrusion (loading), the consequence being a greater variation in extrudate geometry. High levels of friction reduce the elastic contraction of the die during punch retraction (unloading), and hence, larger form-errors are sustained after unloading. The contraction of the die during unloading phase of the process causes plastic deformation of the work-material remaining in the injection-chamber; this plastic deformation is significant to the overall form-error of the component.     

往复挤压变形ZK60镁合金应变分布的有限元数值模拟

利用有限元法研究ZK60镁合金在多道次往复挤压过程中的应变分布。为优化往复挤压工艺,研究摩擦条件和模具结构尺寸对ZK60合金总等效塑性应变分布的影响。结果表明：ZK60合金试样经往复挤压后内应变分布不均匀。试样两个端部的应变量低于试样中间部位的应变量。工艺参数对应变分布的影响很大。试样和模具间的摩擦不利于试样内应变量的均匀分布,因而应尽量降低摩擦。为了提高应变量的均匀分布,应该使用较大的过渡圆角半径和较低的挤压角度。     

楔横轧工艺成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面缺陷形成条件分析

依据文献 [4]的模拟实验结果 ,拟定了楔横轧工艺成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面出现表面缺陷 (蛇皮状或鱼鳞状缺陷 )时的金属流动速度场。以此为基础 ,并借助于上限原理和最小能量原理 ,获得了楔横轧成形阶梯轴时轧件表面缺陷形成的必要条件。同时 ,研究了表面缺陷产生与变形程度、摩擦因数及模具整形段相对长度的关系。从而为估测楔横轧成形阶梯轴类件时轧件表面是否会产生缺陷提供理论指导。     

Isothermal extrusion speed curve design for porthole die of hollow aluminium profile based on PID algorithm and finite element simulations

The isothermal extrusion process of hollow aluminium profile was investigated using incremental proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control algorithm and finite element simulations. The range of extrusion speed was determined by considering the maximum extrusion load and production efficiency. By taking the optimal solution temperature of the secondary phase as the target temperature, the extrusion speed–stroke curve for realizing the isothermal extrusion of the aluminium profile was obtained. Results show that in the traditional constant extrusion speed process, the average temperature of the cross-section of the aluminium profile at the die exit rapidly increases and then slowly rises with the increase in ram displacement. As the extrusion speed increases, the temperature difference at the die exit of the profile along the extrusion direction increases. The exit temperature difference between the front and back ends of the extrudate along the extrusion direction obtained by adopting isothermal extrusion is about 6.9 °C. Furthermore, the heat generated by plastic deformation and friction during extrusion is balanced with the heat transfer from the workpiece to the container, porthole die and external environment.     

镁合金复合挤压工艺的有限元模拟

研究将普通挤压和等通道角挤压工艺结合而开发出的新型复合挤压工艺。采用有限元技术建立具有不同摩擦系数和不同转角的模型,模拟镁合金复合挤压过程,分析复合挤压力变化特征,以及挤压过程的应变累积情况。结果表明,摩擦系数增大或者通道角减小,复合挤压的挤压力和等效应变增加。摩擦和转角均会引起变形的不均匀性,摩擦因数越大,通道转角越小,其不均匀性越大。在摩擦因数为0.3,通道转角为120°时可以获得较大且均匀的等效应变。     

圆形工件等通道转角挤压应变分布和塑性变形区的三维有限元分析

利用三维有限元方法模拟了圆形工件的等通道转角挤压过程,分析了工件上应变分布情况,其与理论值和二维模拟的结果符合较好.通过对稳定变形阶段塑性变形区的分析,探讨了应变分布不均匀的原因,所得结果有利于理解工件变形过程和优化工艺设计.     

热反挤压过程中金属不稳定流动状态的研究

利用有限元软件Deform-3D对厚壁钢管热反挤压制坯过程进行数值模拟,分析了摩擦系数和壁厚对金属流动状态的影响.结果表明:反挤压件管壁内侧的金属在向上平移的同时还伴有径向移动,摩擦系数越大、管壁越厚,径向移动的程度越大,越容易造成凸模抱模的现象.根据模拟结果,提出了一种新增径向塑性变形区的大型厚壁钢管热反挤制坯的变形...     

筒形件冲压缩口成形工艺的数值模拟研究

应用有限元分析软件中的显式动力学求解器模拟筒形零件缩口成形工艺过程中应力、应变和位移流向的分布云图,分析了工件成形时的塑性变形特点及其对成形质量的影响关系.研究表明:筒形件冲压缩口成形工艺主要失效形式是缩径区的裂纹、定径区的起皱和传力区部分的失稳等;工件失效的主要原因是塑性变形区材料流动速度不均匀导致的应力集中;冲压缩口力随着摩擦系数和模具锥角的增大而增大,但是会随着模具型腔内圆角半径的增大而减小.     

操作机钳口凸齿结构对摩擦因数的影响

针对锻造操作机钳口与工件接触面摩擦因数确定困难和缺乏理论研究的问题,依据温度对摩擦因数的影响,分析了操作机夹持工件过程中钳口与工件接触面摩擦因数随温度变化的规律,明确了操作机夹持工件过程的最小摩擦因数,确定了钳口与工件接触表面采用凸齿结构的作用和必要性。结合锻造操作机钳口与工件的接触特点,分析了钳口凸齿与工件的挤压工况,研究了钳口凸齿结构对摩擦阻力的影响,并确定了当量摩擦因数,明确了凸齿结构参数与当量摩擦因数的内在关系,为合理确定钳口与工件接触面摩擦因数和钳口夹持力提供了条件。     

Research of Metal Flow Behavior during Extrusion with Active Friction

Using numerical simulation and experiment, the metal flow behavior mechanical mechanisms in the extrusion process with active friction were investigated. The characteristic variables, second invariant of the stress deviator J ₂ and the Lode’s coefficient μ were employed to partition the deformation region. It is shown that no metal flow interface occurred at the container bottom in the extrusion with active friction and the dead zone disappeared completely. The strain types of the material in the plastic deformation area decreased from three types into a single type of tension, and the homogeneity of metal deformation as well as metal flow was greatly improved. It was also indicted that the active friction was beneficial to the extrusion process and the promotion of product quality. After contrasting the result of experiment and the simulation, the displacement and the load were well correlated on both values and trends.     

Al_2O_3sf／LY12复合材料型材液态浸渗后直接挤压过程的数值模拟

采用稳定的交替方向隐式（ＳＡＤＩ）有限差分方法、上限元法（ＵＢＥＴ）等数值计算方法模拟了融浸渗、凝固和大塑性变形为一体的液态浸渗后直接挤压的工艺过程。计算机生成的动画图象直观地表现了工件的整个成型过程。模拟结果有助于掌握金属基复合材料渗后直接挤压这一新工艺的各种工艺规律。     

Surface quality of extruding metal special-shape products and frictional behavior in optimized die cavity

With the help of Complex Function Mapping theory, the complicated three-dimensional deformation problems are transferred into two-dimensional problems, and the function of strain ratio field is analyzed in the metal plastic extruding deformation. Taking the strain-hardening effect of metal deformation into account, the relationship between friction behavior and optimized mathematical model is analyzed by the numerical analysis friction energy dissipation function. As a result, the method of lowering the material hardening and decreasing the reduction ratio over multi-procedures can be used to improve the surface quality of metal special-shape extrusion products.     

金属液体凝固中直接挤压过程的数值模拟

根据稳定的交替方向隐式（ＳＡＤＩ）有限差分方法、上限元法（ＵＢＥＴ）等数值计算方法提出了一种数值模拟方法．使用这种方法成功地模拟了融凝固和大塑性变形为一体的金属液体凝固过程中直接挤压（简称液体挤压）的工艺过程．计算机生成的动画图象直观地表现了工件的整个成型过程．模拟结果有助于掌握液体挤压这一新工艺的各种工艺规律．     

Al2O3sf／LY12复合材料型材料液态浸渗后直接挤坟过程的数值模拟

采用稳定的交替方向隐式（ＳＡＤＩ）有限差分方法、上限元法（ＵＢＥＴ）等数值计算方法模拟了融浸渗、凝固和大塑性变形为一体的液态浸渗后直接挤压的工艺过程。计算机生成的动画图象直观地表现了工件的整个成型过程。模拟结果有助于掌握金属基复合材料渗后直接挤压这一新工艺的各种工艺规律。     

镦,挤,摆辗复合工艺实验研究与工艺参数的优化

采用物理模拟技术对镦，挤，摆辗复合工艺进行了实验研究。用视塑性法研究了变形体子午面内金属的流动规律，从而阐明变形方式，进给时、工件原始高径比、变形温度及变形量对正反挤出长度及法兰盘外缘形状的影响，对大量实验数据进行回归处理后，得出了根据产品尺寸选择最佳毛坯尺寸和最佳变形方式的经验曲线为复杂零件成形提供实验依据。     

Finite element analysis of the effect of friction in high pressure torsion

High pressure torsion (HPT) is one of the most important techniques among various methods that create severe plastic deformation in the production of bulk materials with nano/ultrafine grained microstructures. Since the driving force in deforming the workpiece in HPT is surface friction, understanding of the friction effect is critical for successful application of HPT. In this study, the friction effect in HPT was analyzed using the finite element method. The distribution of effective strain on the contact surface of the HPT samples under different friction conditions was investigated. The friction force influenced the effective strain more in the middle and edge regions than in the central region. The condition for the minimum friction factor that could achieve a sticking condition between the surfaces of the dies, and the samples in the middle and edge regions, was investigated. There was a critical friction coefficient in which the effective strain varies sharply with an increasing friction coefficient.