钠钙/铝硅酸盐玻璃疲劳行为研究进展

钠钙硅酸盐玻璃和铝硅酸盐玻璃因高强度和高硬度等优异的物理性能被广泛用于民用和国防军工等领域。疲劳断裂是钠钙/铝硅酸盐玻璃失效的主要形式之一。研究钠钙/铝硅酸盐玻璃的疲劳行为对指导其加工工艺、预测寿命与防止失效具有重要意义。本文综述了硅酸盐玻璃疲劳行为的基本原理、实验方法以及钠钙硅酸盐玻璃和铝硅酸盐玻璃静态疲劳与动态疲劳行为的国内外研究进展,通过对比钠钙硅酸盐玻璃与铝硅酸盐玻璃的疲劳行为发现:钠钙硅酸盐玻璃原片的裂纹萌生门槛值远低于铝硅酸盐原片玻璃的裂纹萌生门槛值,且化学强化钠钙硅酸盐玻璃与铝硅酸盐玻璃的裂纹萌生门槛值均随表面压应力的增大而增大;钠钙硅酸盐玻璃与铝硅酸盐玻璃的裂纹扩展速率均随假想温度的升高而增加,且铝硅酸盐玻璃的裂纹扩展速率随假想温度的变化更大;钠钙硅酸盐原片玻璃与铝硅酸盐原片玻璃的断裂应力均具有加载速率依赖性,而化学强化铝硅酸盐玻璃的动态疲劳断裂应力不具有加载速率依赖性。因此,应力状态和环境因素对化学强化钠钙/铝硅酸盐玻璃静态疲劳与动态疲劳行为的影响将成为未来研究方向。     

Thermal activation energy of silver in ion-exchanged soda–lime glass investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The thermal effect on silver in ion-exchanged glasses was investigated in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Each XPS signal of Ag 3d_3/2 and 3d_5/2 consists of two components, the metallic state (Ag⁰) and the oxidized state (Ag⁺), resolved after curve fitting. The toward-surface diffusion of silver was observed by monitoring the changes in concentration on the surface during sample annealing between 20 and 450°C. Judging from the variations in line shape and binding energy and from the enhancement of surface silver under annealing, both metallic and oxidized silver are accumulated on the surface. By applying the diffusion theory in a semi-infinite system to the experimental data, the thermal activation energy of the oxidized silver in ion-exchanged glass, 0.16 eV, was estimated. The activation energy of metallic Ag precipitated during heating, 0.23 eV, was estimated as well.