激光熔覆原位生成VC-Fe_3C/Fe-Ni复合涂层的组织与性能

针对超高速电梯安全钳楔块耐高温磨损性差的问题,以FeV粉、石墨粉和Ni粉为原料,在楔块摩擦面进行了激光熔覆原位生成VC-Fe_3C/Fe-Ni复合涂层的实验,分析了不同粉末质量配比、不同工艺参数下熔覆层的组织演变规律,测试了熔覆层的硬度、高温耐磨损性和冲击韧性等力学性能。研究表明:通过原位反应,可获得由VC、Fe-Ni固溶体和Fe_3C组成的复合涂层;VC的含量随石墨含量的增加而增加;在较低的扫描速度下,VC颗粒呈球状或胞状,弥散分布在Fe-Ni固溶体上。当扫描速度较高时,VC呈菊花状、枝晶状和块状,主要分布在晶界上;当FeV粉、石墨粉和Ni粉的质量比是8∶3∶8时,熔覆层搭接时不产生裂纹,复合涂层平均维氏硬度5.9GPa,VC-Fe_3C/Fe-Ni涂层高温磨损量为Ni60激光熔覆层的25%,为45钢的9.7%,VC-Fe_3C/Fe-Ni涂层冲击韧度值比Ni60激光熔覆层提高37.6%。将该工艺应用于电梯安全钳等零件的强化领域,将大大提高电梯零件的耐磨性和使用寿命。     

Ti811合金表面激光熔覆Ti2Ni+TiC+Al2O3+CrxSy复合涂层的组织和性能

以TC4+Ni45+Al₂O₃+MoS₂+Y₂O₃混合粉末为熔覆材料,采用同轴送粉技术在Ti811合金表面进行激光熔覆制备复合涂层,使用SEM、EDS和XRD等手段分析了涂层的微观组织,测试了涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在激光熔覆过程中Ti811合金中的Ni和C分别与Ti发生反应,原位生成金属间化合物Ti₂Ni和硬质增强相TiC;MoS₂分解后S与Cr发生硫化反应生成了软质润滑相Cr_xS_y。网状形态的Ti₂Ni、近球状和枝晶形态的TiC以及点状的Al₂O₃,均匀分布在熔覆层中。硬质相强化和软质相润滑的共同作用,使激光熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度和较优良的耐磨性能。激光功率为900 W的熔覆层其平均显微硬度值达1303.5HV_0.5,其耐磨性能最佳。     

Microstructure and property of Ni60A/WC composite coating fabricated by fiber laser cladding

Laser clad Ni60A/WC composite coating was fabricated on the surface of Q235 steel by using 6 kW fiber laser. The morphology, composition, and microhardness of composite coating were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and micro‐hardness tester. The results show that in the process of fiber laser cladding Ni60A/WC composite coating, residual WC particles partially dissolve and react with other elements to form eutectics, which exists in the shape of lumpy, strip and spherical. The main structures of laser cladding are γ‐Ni, WC, W₂C, M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ etc. From the hardness analysis, the average hardness of the composite coating is four times of the substrate.     

Laser cladding nickel-titanium carbide composite coating on a 45 carbon steel: Preparation,microstructure and wear behavior

Almost fully dense nickel-titanium carbide composite coatings with varied titanium carbide content were deposited on 45 carbon steel by laser cladding. High content of titanium carbide particles up to 50 wt.% with bimodal microstructure could be homogeneously distributed in the nickel based matrix. Due to the presence of the harder nickel-titanium carbide composite coating on the 45 carbon steel, the surface hardness and wear properties were significantly improved. The Vickers hardness (HV 3) increased from about 260 HV 3 for the 45 carbon steel to 300 HV 3 – 360 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 30 wt.% titanium carbide and 550 HV 3 – 680 HV 3 for nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide composite coating, respectively. The coefficient of friction and volume wear rate was reduced down to 0.41×10⁻⁶ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ and 9.3×10⁻⁶ mm³ N⁻¹ ⋅ m⁻¹ when a nickel based composite coating containing 50 wt.% titanium carbide was coated on the 45 carbon steel, respectively. The enhanced wear performance of the composite coating was due to presence of harder nickel-titanium carbide composite coating and formation of varied soft and lubricant metal oxides consisting of mainly titanium oxides and minor iron and nickel oxides.     

Research on in situ synthesised (Ti,V)C/Fe composite coating by laser cladding

Laser cladding is an effective way to improve the wear resistance of mechanical components. In this study, the composite carbide (Ti,V)C reinforced Fe based coating was successfully synthesised by laser cladding the powder mixtures of ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium and graphite. The samples were analysed to assess the microstructure, microhardness and wear properties. Results indicate that high quality composite coating with metallurgical joint to the steel substrate was obtained. During laser cladding processes, it is found that the (Ti,V)C composite particles were in situ synthesised and distributed evenly in the coating. The microhardness and wear properties of the clad coating were improved significantly in comparison to the steel substrate due to the presence of the hard reinforcement (Ti,V)C.     

Wear and corrosion studies of graphite‐aluminum composite reinforced with micro/nano‐TiB2 via spark plasma sintering

The demand for lightweight materials in the automobile and aerospace industries has led to various researches on graphite and graphite‐aluminum composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of micron/nano TiB₂ particles on the properties of graphite‐aluminum composite particularly the wear resistance. The powders were sintered at 550 °C and 50 MPa with more attention on the effect of the sintering temperature on densification, microhardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, wear and frictional force. The results show that the addition of nano TiB₂ reduces the densification while improving the hardness of Gr?Al composite with the lowest value being 96.0 % of relative density and the highest microhardness of 43.58 HV 0.1. The coefficient of thermal expansion and frictional force of the composite materials increases with increasing TiB₂ content and heating rate (100 °C/min–150 °C/min). TiB₂ particles enhance the wear resistance of graphite‐aluminum composite. The addition of micro/nanoparticles of TiB₂ to graphite‐aluminum composite increases its corrosion rate with improved passivation behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Nevertheless, 5 wt.% nano (100 °C/min) TiB₂ additions do not affect the overall corrosion rate. This work has shown that we can take advantage of some of the properties of TiB₂ to improve the performance of graphite‐aluminum composite.     

Effect of molybdenum on microstructure and wear properties of Fe–Ti–Mo–C laser clad coatings

Abstract

The AISI?1045 steel surface was alloyed with preplaced ferrotitanium (Fe–Ti), ferromolybdenum (Fe–Mo) and graphite powders using a 5 kW CO₂ laser. In situ carbide reinforced Fe based surface composite coating was fabricated. The results showed that (Ti,Mo)C particles with flower-like and cubic shapes were formed during laser cladding process. The growth morphology of the reinforcing (Ti,Mo)C carbide has typically faceted features, indicating that the lateral growth mechanism is still the predominant growth mode under rapid solidification conditions. Increasing the amount of Fe–Mo in the reactants led to a decrease in carbide size and an increase in volume fraction of carbide but increased the crack sensitivity of the coating. The multiple carbides of (Ti,Mo)C created a higher microhardness and excellent wear resistance than TiC alone under dry sliding wear test condition.     

SiC含量对激光熔覆SiC/Ni60A复合涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

利用LDM2500-60半导体激光器在45#钢板上制备SiC颗粒增强Ni60A合金激光熔覆涂层,系统研究SiC含量对涂层的显微组织、稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和显微硬度的作用规律。结果表明:随着SiC含量增加,熔覆表层的微观组织细化,稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和硬度均先增加后降低;当SiC含量为20%(质量分数,下同)时,熔覆层的耐磨性能最佳,磨损量仅为0.0012g,为基体磨损量的1/36.3;摩擦因数最小为0.464,且磨损过程最为平稳;熔覆层平均硬度值最高,达到1039.9HV0.2,为基体的3.5倍;但当SiC含量达到25%时,熔覆层的显微硬度与耐磨性能反而下降。     

激光熔覆微-纳米碳化钨复合涂层结构与性能研究

以微米和纳米级晶粒Co包碳化钨为增强相,自熔合金粉末Ni60B为粘结剂,采用激光熔覆的方法在45钢表面制备出微-纳米碳化钨增强Ni基合金复合涂层.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段对粉末和涂层的相结构、显微组织等进行了分析观察,采用显微硬度计分析了涂层表面硬度随成分的变化规律和截面硬度的分布曲线.结果表明,纳米碳化钨粉末的添加有助于改善涂层的熔覆性能和提高涂层的表面硬度.     

Effect of process parameters and niobium carbide addition on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding nickel-based alloy coatings

Based on the background of the engineering application of automobile mold repair and surface strengthening, the effects of process parameters on the formation and microstructure of laser cladding nickel(Ni)-based alloy coating were studied. The optimal parameters were: laser power 2000 W, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, scanning speed 4 mm/s. Under this process, the cladding layer and the substrate can exhibit good metallurgical bonding, and the cladding layer has fine crystal grains and a low dilution ratio. On this basis, different mass fractions of niobium carbide (NbC) powder were added to the nickel-based powder and laser cladding was carried out on the surface of die steel. The phase composition, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coating were studied. The results show that with the increasing of niobium carbide addition, the hardness of the cladding layer decreases, and the wear loss of the cladding layer decreases first and then increases. When the niobium carbide addition reaches 6 wt.%, the wear loss of the cladding layer is the least, and the wear resistance is the best.     

Effect of cobalt content on microstructure and property of electroplated nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings

Nickel‐cobalt alloys were electrodeposited on copper sheets in sulfate bath containing 288.5 g/l NiSO₄·6H₂O, 30 g/l CoSO₄·7H₂O, 40 g/l HBO₃, 15 g/l NaCl and 0.08 g/l lauryl sodium sulfate. The effects of cobalt content on microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of electroplating nickel‐cobalt alloys were studied by using SEM and XRD techniques, and microhardness tester and wear tester. The relationship between the microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings and heat treatment procedures was also investigated. The experimental results show that cobalt content (W_t) in coating increases with Co²⁺/(Co²⁺ + Ni²⁺)% (X) in plating solution. Fitted regression equation is as following: W_t = –0.7399 + 2.2847X – 0.0133X². The increase of cobalt content leads to that the longitudinal section morphology of coating transforms from the cone into sphericity and at last into the shape of willow leaf, and its structure transforms from face centered cubic (fcc) nickel solid solution into fcc cobalt solid solution and at last into hcp cobalt solid solution. The increase of cobalt content results in the increase of microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings, and the hardness reaches a maximum value (363 HV) when cobalt content is 54.9%. After heat treatment at 400°C and 600°C, the microhardness of coatings begins to decrease except the coating containing 79.2% Co. Moreover, the wear resistance of electroplated coatings increases with the increase of cobalt content.     

高速轮轨钢超声振动辅助激光熔覆涂层的滚动摩擦磨损性能

目前有关高速轮轨钢超声振动辅助下的激光熔覆研究鲜有报道。在高速轮轨钢表面施加超声振动辅助激光熔覆制备了铁钴基复合涂层来改善其耐磨性能,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)等手段分析熔覆层的微观结构、物相成分和元素分布,采用GPM-30轮轨滚动接触疲劳试验机对比研究轮轨钢超声振动辅助作用下激光熔覆前后涂层的滚动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层主要由Fe-Cr的马氏体组织、Co-Cr的γ相固溶体、Fe-Ni固溶体以及弥散析出的含MxCy(M=Cr、W)的碳化物、硼化物、硅化物等硬质相组成;超声激光熔覆强化处理后,轮轨表面的平均显微硬度分别为539 HV3 N和582 HV3 N,磨损速率分别降低59.1%,37.3%,轮轨试环熔覆层的抗磨损性能大幅提高,磨损机制由剥落磨损和严重的疲劳磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of iron-based coating prepared by plasma transferred arc cladding process

This paper investigated the effect of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) on the microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of iron-based coatings. A series of coatings were prepared by using plasma transferred arc cladding (PTAC) process. The phase and structure of the coatings were characterized by means of SEM, EDXA and X-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the coatings was mainly γ-Fe matrix and (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ carbide reinforced phases. Without EMS, the average size of (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ carbide was about 73 μm, while that of the carbide reached a minimum value of about 20 μm with stirring current of 3 A. The mechanical properties, especially wear resistance, were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the microstructure of the coating plays an important role on abrasive mechanism and the main mechanism is micro-cutting. When the stirring current is 3 A, the coating exhibits excellent wear resistance, which contributes to the good microstructures that hexagonal (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ carbide with the highest volume fraction are uniformly distributed in the matrix. The microhardness of the coatings increase at first, and then decrease as a function of stirring current. The maximum microhardness value of the coating is about 1050 HV.     

NAK80模具钢表面2种激光器熔覆Ni基碳化钨合金层组织结构及耐磨性比较

为了研究激光器对Ni基碳化钨合金熔覆层组织结构和性能的影响,分别采用Nd:YAG与CO2激光熔覆技术在NAK80模具钢表面制备了Ni基碳化钨合金层,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机测试分析了2种熔覆层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明:2种熔覆层与基体之间均呈现良好的化学冶金结合;熔覆层组织主要为粗大的未熔碳化钨颗粒和均匀分布的树枝晶,Nd:YAG激光熔覆层的组织比CO2激光熔覆层的细小;2种熔覆层相结构主要包括WC,W2C,Cr23C6,NiCr,CrB2以及γ-Ni等;2种激光器熔覆处理后,NAK80模具钢表面硬度和耐磨性都得到显著改善,CO2激光熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性高于Nd:YAG激光熔覆层,2种激光熔覆试样的磨损机制均为磨粒磨损。     

激光熔覆Fe-Ti-V-Cr-C合金涂层的微观组织和性能

采用激光熔覆技术制备了Fe-Ti-V-Cr-C合金耐磨涂层.借助光学显微镜、XRD、扫描电镜、显微硬度计以及磨损试验机,研究了不同铬铁加入量对涂层组织及性能的影响.结果表明:在激光熔覆条件下,钛铁、钒铁、铬铁与石墨通过原位反应生成了稳定的硬质相,呈粒状或花状分布的TiC-VC复合相和断续网状分布的Cr7C3陶瓷相均匀分...     

45钢表面激光熔覆CoCrNi中熵合金涂层组织与性能

为探究CoCrNi中熵合金在激光熔覆领域中的应用,以CoCrNi合金粉末作为熔覆粉末,在45钢表面采用同轴送粉法制备合金涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损实验机和电化学工作站等设备研究了熔覆层微观组织、硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：熔覆层成形良好,组织均匀致密,组成相主要为FCC单相固溶体;熔池与基体交界处为平面晶,底部靠近中心为柱状晶,顶部分别为胞状晶和等轴晶,3种元素在熔覆层深度方向上的比例几乎相同;熔覆层平均硬度为250HV,摩擦系数、磨损量较基体分别降低了11.7%和36.7%;自腐蚀电流密度略有降低,CoCrNi熔覆层的钝化区域为-150到1 100 mV,表明熔覆层显著提高45钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

Vanadizing carbon steels by chemical vapour deposition

A series of carbon steels (0.15–1.45% C) were vanadized by chemical vapour deposition to produce a coating of vanadium carbide. The carbide is very nearly of constant composition (VC_0.84?VC_0.89 and microhardness (2630 HV 0.025) irrespective of the carbon content of the steel. The microstructure of the carbide is equiaxed and fine grained with no apparent preferred orientation. A cementite interlayer is formed under the carbide on steels containing more than about 1.4% C.     

Thermisches Spritzen vanadiumkarbidverstärkter Eisenbasisschichten

Thermal spraying of vanadium carbide reinforced iron based HVOF sprayed cermet coatings for wear protection like WC‐Co(Cr) and Cr₃C₂‐NiCr have found a broad range of applications in the past. By using chromium containing matrices, they exhibit good corrosion resistance along with outstanding wear resistance. In present research in the area of powder metallurgy and PTA welding iron based alloys with high content of chromium and vanadium have been developed, revealing similar properties and therefore being a cost efficient alternative to established cermet coatings. HVOF sprayed coatings of these iron based alloys are investigated regarding their economic applicability and their corrosion and wear properties.     

Formation mechanism of in-situ V8C7 and V3B4 particles in iron matrix composites by vacuum sintering

The in-situ V₈C₇-V₃B₄/Fe45 composites were fabricated by vacuum sintering using ferrovanadium, carbon black and Fe45 alloy powders as raw materials. The microstructure, phase structure and hardness of sintered Fe45+x wt.% (FeV+C) composite specimens (x = 0, x = 5, x = 10, x = 15, x = 20) were investigated. The results show that the type and shape of in-situ borides and carbides depend on the content of (FeV+C) mixed powders. When x = 5, the composite consists of α-(Fe, Cr, V) solid solution, strip M₇C₃ carbides and block M₂B borides. When x = 10, the V₃B₄ particles initiate inside the M₂B borides by in-situ precipitation, and the excess vanadium reacts with carbon to in-situ form V₈C₇ particles. When x≥15, the M₂B completely transform into V₃B₄. Furthermore, the V₈C₇ and V₃B₄ particles coarsened and tended to be spheroidal and rectangle shape respectively. The V₃B₄ particles coarsen possibly by contacting and merging of the small V₃B₄ particles. However, the V₈C₇ particles coarsen possibly by the Ostwald ripening. The hardness of the composites increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of (FeV+C) mixed powders. The Fe45+10 wt.% (FeV+C) composite has the highest hardness value (54.2 HRC), which is due to the fine boride and carbide reinforcement and little pore defect.     

微弧氧化处理对多孔Ti-15Mo合金显微结构、耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响

在铝酸盐电解液中对多孔Ti-15Mo合金进行微弧氧化表面改性。利用SEM和XRD研究多孔合金微弧氧化涂层的显微结构和相组成。采用显微硬度计、动电位极化曲线和球-盘摩擦磨损仪分析微弧氧化处理对多孔Ti-15Mo合金硬度、耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,微弧氧化处理未改变多孔Ti-15Mo合金原有的孔隙率和孔径,在合金表面和孔隙内壁呈现典型的粗糙多孔微弧氧化形貌。微弧氧化涂层主要由金红石TiO_2和Al_2TiO_5相组成。经微弧氧化处理后,多孔Ti-15Mo合金的表面显微硬度提高了32%,摩擦系数降低了近50%,磨损率大幅度下降,磨损机制由磨粒磨损转变为粘着磨损。微弧氧化处理后多孔Ti-15Mo合金的耐蚀性较基体提高了近1个数量级,微弧氧化陶瓷涂层的保护效率高达90.78%。