交替微层结构PPCB/PP导电复合材料的结构与性能

利用自主设计的微层共挤出设备,制备了具有交替微层结构的炭黑填充聚丙烯/聚丙烯(PPCB/PP)导电复合材料。PPCB层和PP层均为连续相,炭黑仅选择性分散在PPCB层内,形成一种特殊的双逾渗现象。电性能测试表明,微层共挤出技术可显著降低微层PPCB/PP复合材料的逾渗阈值和电阻率,其导电性能与材料层数相关。此外,微层共挤出方法能明显改善材料的韧性。     

交替层状PP/PPCB中β晶的形成及机理EI北大核心CSCD

利用多层共挤出设备制备了不同层数的聚丙烯(PP)/聚丙烯+炭黑(PPCB)交替多层材料,利用偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热仪探索了PP/PPCB多层复合材料中β晶的形成和机理。实验结果表明:将多层样品在130℃进行等温结晶后,PP层形成了扇形β晶,成核点位于PP层和PPCB层的界面处。β晶的结晶度与PP层的厚度有关,形成机理与界面处的应力集中有关。当应力集中被消除后不再产生β晶。     

交替层状PP/PPCB中β晶的形成及机理

利用多层共挤出设备制备了不同层数的聚丙烯(PP)/聚丙烯+炭黑(PPCB)交替多层材料,利用偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热仪探索了PP/PPCB多层复合材料中β晶的形成和机理。实验结果表明:将多层样品在130℃进行等温结晶后,PP层形成了扇形β晶,成核点位于PP层和PPCB层的界面处。β晶的结晶度与PP层的厚度有关,形成机理与界面处的应力集中有关。当应力集中被消除后不再产生β晶。     

多级拉伸PP/PA1010/CB导电复合材料的结构与性能

利用自主设计的多级拉伸挤出设备,制备了含不同长径比的聚酰胺/炭黑（PA1010/CB）纤维的原位微纤聚丙烯/聚酰胺/炭黑（PP/PA1010/CB）导电复合材料,炭黑仅选择性分散在PA1010中,形成一种特殊的双逾渗现象。扫描电子显微镜观察、电学性能测试结果表明,随着分割叠加单元个数的增加,（PA1010＋CB）导电相...     

(聚丙烯-炭黑)/聚丙烯层状复合材料的结构和电磁屏蔽性能

利用微层共挤出设备,制备了导电层(炭黑(CB)填充聚丙烯(PP)-20%CB)和绝缘层PP叠合的层状复合物,同时制备了PPCB普通共混物。比较了层状材料与普通共混材料在结构形态、电学性能、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能方面的差异。研究发现,层状材料的导电性和电磁屏蔽性能均优于普通共混样,前者的体积电阻率和屏蔽峰值分别为1.96×103Ω·cm和48 dB,后者相应值分别为12.53×106Ω·cm和28 dB。力学性能测试表明,层状材料的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度(分别为654.52%,26.37 MPa)也优于普通共混材料(188.11%,24.78 MPa)。     

导电炭黑填充PP-EAA复合材料的形态及电性能

以聚丙烯(PP) 和乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物( EAA) 的共混物为基体材料, 以导电炭黑为填料, 通过熔融共混的方法制备了导电复合材料。探讨了导电炭黑在两相基体中的分散情况以及聚丙烯结晶度对复合体系导电性能的影响。扫描电镜测试结果表明, 在共混物中炭黑粒子选择性分散在极性EAA 树脂中, 同时EAA 树脂在聚丙烯基体中形成连续网络结构, 从而显著降低了复合体系的渗滤阈值。电性能测试结果表明, 材料在相同导电炭黑含量下的体积电阻率相对于单基体体系有7～8 个数量级的降低, 并且结晶度较高的PP 更有利于降低复合体系的体积电阻率。此外, 炭黑/ PP-EAA 复合材料的拉伸强度相对于炭黑/ PP 体系有所下降, 而断裂伸长率有所提高。      

特殊形态结构导电高分子复合材料的电学性能

先使聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)与炭黑(CB)反应,再与聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)共混制备出CB位于两相界面处的PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB导电高分子复合材料,研究了材料的特殊结构和电学性能。结果表明,在PP/PA6/CB体系中CB粒子分布在PA6相,体系的逾渗阈值为2%;而在PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB体系中,CB被PP-g-MAH诱导分布在两相界面处。PP/PA6两相为海岛结构时,PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB体系仍可导电。PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB体系的逾渗阈值降至1.6%,低于PP/PA6/CB体系。体系的正温度效应(PTC)强度远高于PP/PA6/CB体系,在90-135℃范围内不出现负温度效应(NTC)。PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB体系的电学性能归结于其特殊的界面形态结构:导电通道由位于共混物界面处的PP-g-MAH和CB构建而成。     

微层共挤出PP/EVOH共混物的阻隔性能

利用微层共挤出技术对聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)共混物进行二次加工,制备出了气体阻隔性能显著提高的PP/EVOH共混复合材料。通过电子扫描显微镜、气体渗透实验研究了微层共挤出共混物的形态结构及其对共混物阻隔性能的影响。研究结果表明,微层共挤出技术能够有效调节EVOH分散相在PP基体中的形态结构,随着层数的增加,使其从零维球形变形为一维纤维状,进而演变成二维片状,这些形态导致128层微层共挤出共混物的气体阻隔性能较普通共混物提高了52倍。     

各向异性导电PP-MWCNTs/HDPE复合材料的结构及性能

各向异性导电高分子复合材料(ACPCs)因其独特的各向异性导电特性在许多领域得到广泛应用。本文以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为原料,通过三层吹膜技术制备中间层导电、内外两层绝缘的三层复合膜,再利用热压成型技术制备具有交替微层结构的各向异性导电PP-MWCNTs/HDPE复合材料。综合利用DSC、偏光显微镜(POM)、SEM、TEM、拉伸性能及导电性能测试等手段研究了复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明：PP绝缘层和MWCNTs/HDPE导电层交替排列,没有分层、熔并等结构缺陷,界面结合良好;PP-MWCNTs/HDPE复合材料在X方向和Y方向具有优异的导电性能(电阻率低至1.6Ω·m),比Z方向的电阻率低6～9个数量级;交替微层结构的存在增强了复合材料的力学性能,进一步拓宽了导电复合材料的应用范围。     

聚丙烯/聚丙烯-石墨烯交替多层复合材料的结构及气体阻隔性能

利用多层共挤出技术制备了具有规整的交替层状结构的聚丙烯/聚丙烯-石墨烯(PP/PP-GR)交替多层复合材料,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、气体渗透实验、力学性能测试研究了PP/PP-GR交替多层复合材料的结构与性能的关系。结果表明,分层叠加单元对复合材料施加的使熔体变宽变薄的"类双向拉伸"作用促进了石墨烯在PP中的分散、剥离和取向,从而使PP/PP-GR交替多层复合材料在低GR含量(体积分数0.082%)下同时具有高气体阻隔性(氧气渗透系数为1.01×10~(-15) cm~3·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa))和高断裂伸长率(1080.1%)。     

A mesoporous silica modified conjugated polymer film: Preparation and detection nitroaromatics in aqueous phase

The linear conjugated polymer of polyfluorene/poly(p-phenylenevinylenes) (PFO/PPV) was synthesized and selected as the matrix film. The incorporation of a small fraction of inorganic mesoporous silicas into the polymer matrix resulted in a significant increase in overall detection efficiency of nitroaromatics. The structure of the obtained mixed films was characterized by ¹H-NMR, IR, and XRD. The optical and fluorescence properties of the mixed films were demonstrated by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra in ethanol/water solution. Compared with the pure conjugated polymer film, the mixed films had high fluorescence quenching sensitivity toward nitroaromatic compounds, especially 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), in the aqueous phase. The fluorescent emission quenching is quantitative and can be analyzed on the basis of the Stern-Volmer model relation with the quenching process. The results revealed that such mixed matrix films of conjugated polymer/mesoporous silicas can be a promising strategy of designing chemosensory materials for detecting nitroaromatic compounds.     

A mesoporous silica modified conjugated polymer film: Preparation and detection nitroaromatics in aqueous phase

The linear conjugated polymer of polyfluorene/poly(p-phenylenevinylenes) (PFO/PPV) was synthesized and selected as the matrix film. The incorporation of a small fraction of inorganic mesoporous silicas into the polymer matrix resulted in a significant increase in overall detection efficiency of nitroaromatics. The structure of the obtained mixed films was characterized by ¹H-NMR, IR, and XRD. The optical and fluorescence properties of the mixed films were demonstrated by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra in ethanol/water solution. Compared with the pure conjugated polymer film, the mixed films had high fluorescence quenching sensitivity toward nitroaromatic compounds, especially 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), in the aqueous phase. The fluorescent emission quenching is quantitative and can be analyzed on the basis of the Stern-Volmer model relation with the quenching process. The results revealed that such mixed matrix films of conjugated polymer/mesoporous silicas can be a promising strategy of designing chemosensory materials for detecting nitroaromatic compounds.     

Photoluminescence quenching of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles in presence of Au nanoparticles

In this report, we have demonstrated the photoluminescence quenching and energy transfer properties of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) in presence of different sized Au nanoparticles by steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. We have described the quenching phenomena by sphere of action static quenching mechanism and both dynamic and static quenching processes are found in these systems. PL quenching values are 24· 22% and 57· 3% for 14?nm and 18?nm Au nanoparticles, respectively. It is found that the radiative and nonradiative decay have been modified with the size of Au nanoparticles. PL quenching and shortening of decay time regarding polymer nanoparticles in presence of Au nanoparticles suggest the nonradiative energy transfer process. The values of energy transfer are 6· 7%, 49· 5% and 53· 38% from PVK polymer nanoparticles to 3?nm, 14?nm and 18?nm Au nanoparticles, respectively. Using FRET and SET equations we have calculated the average distance of donor PVK polymer nanoparticles and acceptor Au nanoparticles.     

紫外激发蓝色荧光粉Sr2-x-yB5O9Cl:xEu2+,yTb3+的合成和发光性能

采用高温固相反应法合成Sr_2-x-yB₅O₉Cl:xEu²⁺,yTb³⁺蓝色荧光粉。用X射线衍射表征材料的晶体结构、用荧光光谱仪测定Eu²⁺和Tb³⁺的掺杂浓度,研究了助溶剂H₃BO₃过量浓度和反应温度对荧光粉发光性质的影响。结果表明,单掺杂Eu²⁺时,其浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极交互作用机制,浓度猝灭临界距离为R_C=1.71 nm。在紫外（230-410 nm）波段有强而宽的吸收带,表明此粉是一种近紫外白光LED用的蓝色荧光粉。     

Ce3+掺杂Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃的结构与荧光猝灭现象

采用熔融淬冷法制备了不同浓度Ce³⁺离子掺杂的20Li₂O-5MgO-20Al₂O₃-55SiO₂玻璃闪烁材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)技术、密度检测等方法研究了玻璃的微观结构随Ce³⁺离子掺杂浓度的变化规律, 采用荧光分光技术检测了玻璃的紫外光致激发光谱(PLE)、发射光谱(PE)。研究结果表明: 在不对称的晶体场作用下, Ce³⁺离子5d能级被劈裂为5个组分; 随着玻璃基质内Ce³⁺离子掺杂浓度增大, 玻璃的非晶化程度加深; 5d能级的劈裂宽度随之增大, 由此导致激发带向低能量端展宽、发射光谱明显红移; Ce³⁺离子的荧光发射强度随Ce³⁺离子掺杂浓度先升高、后降低, 浓度猝灭过程成为其荧光发射效率降低的主要原因。     

改善09MnNi容器钢低温冲击韧性的机理

用热膨胀法测量了典型容器用09MnNiDR钢的Ac1和Ac3温度,并用在此基础上设计的淬火工艺对其进行热处理。使用扫描电镜、EBSD和夏比冲击试验机等手段研究了09MnNiDR钢在其厚度方向1/2处的组织、织构和低温冲击性能。结果表明：实验钢的Ac1=692.9℃,Ac3=883.1℃。与“准亚温淬火+回火”或“准亚温淬火+亚温淬火+回火”热处理工艺相比,采用“预淬火+准亚温淬火+回火”热处理,能使09MnNiDR钢板1/2厚度处的低温冲击性能有较大的提高。其原因,一是晶粒的细化,二是织构的漫散分布。     

Optical and magnetic properties of ZnCoO layers

Optical and magneto-optical properties of ZnCoO films grown at low temperature by Atomic Layer Deposition are discussed. Strong wide band absorption, with onset at about 2.4 eV, is observed in ZnCoO in addition to Co-related intra-shell transitions. This absorption band is related to Co 2+ to 3+ photo-ionization transition. A strong photoluminescence (PL) quenching is observed, which we relate to Co recharging in ZnO lattice. Mechanisms of PL quenching are discussed.     

Phosphorescence quenching of dyes adsorbed to silica thin-layer chromatography plates

We describe photoluminescence (PL) quenching experiments by oxygen for a series of transition metal dyes adsorbed to commercial silica thin-layer chromatography plates. These TLC plates have been used by others as rapidly responding PL pressure sensors. The quenching kinetics show interesting differences from the behavior of the same dyes adsorbed to the more well-defined surfaces of SBA-15 mesoporous silica particles adsorbed to a thin layer-by-layer polymer film as reported in Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 3160. The pore size and the pore size distribution are much larger for the TLC silica than for the mesoporous silica. On the TLC silica, the dye PL decay profiles show smaller deviations from an exponential form. One sees larger differences between the intensity and lifetime Stern-Volmer plots, and most surprisingly, the dyes on the surface of the TLC silica are about three times more sensitive to quenching by oxygen.     

Preparation and luminescent properties of Eu-doped BaTiO3 thin films by sol–gel process

Eu-doped BaTiO₃ thin films with a pseudo-cubic perovskite structure were successfully fabricated on magnesia substrates at low temperature by using a high-concentration sol–gel process, in which the newly developed gel-aging process on substrate was employed. Film microstructure, crystallinity, sintering properties and photoluminescence (PL) were investigated. The xerogel thin films exhibited strong PL associated with Eu³⁺ ions under ultraviolet excitation at room temperature; the PL was visible to naked eyes. The intensity maximum of PL was reached with doping concentration of about 8 mol%. Sintering above 600 °C caused reduction of europium, resulting in a rapid quenching of Eu³⁺ emission and enhancement of Eu²⁺ emission.     

Substituent effect on color tuning of red light emission in photoluminescence and electroluminescence of red fluorophore

Typical small red light-emitting molecules for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) were highly susceptible to fluorescence concentration quenching in solid state. Red fluorophores, (2Z, 2'Z)-3, 3'-[4,4"-bis(dimethylamino)-1,1':4',1"-terphenyl-29',5'-diyl]bis(2-phenylacrylonitrile) (ABCV-P), (2E, 2'E)-3,3'-[4,4"-bis(dimethylamino)-1,1':4',1"-terphenyl-2',5'-diyl]bis[2-(2-thienyl)acrylonitrile] (ABCV-Th) and (2Z, 2'Z)-3,3'-[4,4"-bis(dimethylamino)-1,1':4',1"-terphenyl-2',5'-diyl]bis[2-(2-naphthyl)acrylonitrile] (ABCV-Np), capable of preventing fluorescence concentration quenching were designed and synthesized. These compounds have intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties which were estimated by measurement of UV-Visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra with variation of solvent polarity (n-Hexane/Chloroform = 99/1, 1/1; Chloroform; Methylene chloride). The magnitude of ICT for ABCV-Th was measured to be the largest and that for ABCV-Np was slightly larger compared to that for ABCV-P. The magnitude of ICT resulted in a shift of peak wavelength of PL emission. Therefore, this result well supported substituent effect on the color change of PL emission. The peak wavelengths of photoluminescence for ABCV-P, ABCV-Np and ABCV-Th were observed to be 607.5, 611.5 and 617.5 nm, respectively, and those of EL spectra were measured to be 612.5, 619.5, 621.0 nm, respectively. The emission maxima of PL and EL spectra for these red fluorescent compounds were well correlated with substituent effect on ICT for them.