能源资源计量开创新局面

<正>近年来,北京市质监局结合北京城市功能定位和发展需求,以国家城市能源计量中心建设为抓手,发挥全市各行业主管部门的政策、管理、资源优势,积极推动工作理念、机制、方法创新,着力构建部门密切协作、行业需求引领、计量基础保障的工作格局。一、部门联合,顶层设计发改、经信、住建、交通、环保、市政市容、水务等行政管理部门都有节能减排工作的管理职责,用能数据是各行业节能减排评价的重要依据,数据采集全     

标准化——为节能减排彰显威力

近年来,针对我省节能减排严峻形势,我们持续加大相关标准化工作力度。我省节能减排地方标准体系初步建立,技术保障能力进一步增强。标准化工作作为经济社会发展的重要技术支撑,在指导行政节能监管、提高资源利用率以及促进节能技术进步等方面的重要性得到凸显。——加快节能减排地方标准研制,促进节能技术进步。2011年,省政府出台节能减排十大举措,其中,将加快制定节能减排地方标准作为建立有利于节能减排长效机制的重要措施,明确了节能减排标准化工作任务。我们确定了近20项急需节能减排地方标准研制项目。三年来,我省已出台《水泥单     

中国节能减排标准化技术联盟启动

1月18日,由中国标准化研究院、国家节能中心、中国节能协会等11家机构联合发起的中国节能减排标准化技术联盟启动仪式在北京国际会议中心隆重举行。 据了解,该联盟旨在打造“领先性联盟标准”,构建适应市场、技术领先、需求导向、优势显著的节能减排标准化技术创新体系,提高我国节能减排标准的有效性和国际影响,打破发达国家在节能减排方面新的绿色技术贸易壁垒。     

环保部坚持节能减排“三不原则”

环境保护部污染排放总量控制司司长赵华林指出,虽然上半年我国节能减排取得了一定的成绩,但国际金融危机也对节能减排提出了挑战,对此环保部节能减排目标不变、力度不减、标准不降的“三不原则”绝不会因此改变。     

基于系统动力学的电煤供应链节能减排路径仿真分析

为分析不同节能减排路径对能源消耗和碳排放的影响,从经济、能源和环境等系统要素出发,构建电煤供应链节能减排系统动力学模型。以神华集团为例,确定模型参数及主要方程,分析链上各环节的能源消耗、碳排放及节能减排路径,动态仿真不同路径的节能减排效果。结果表明,发电环节节能减排潜力大于其他环节;降低燃煤机组发电标准煤耗率,提高铁路运输在煤炭运输中的比重,降低煤炭开采过程中的耗电系数,增加环保治理投资,是电煤供应链节能减排的有效途径;不同路径的节能减排效果存在差异,其中降低发电标准煤耗率对节能减排产生的效果最为明显。     

基于系统工程方法论的北京交通运输节能减排标准体系构建研究

通过对中国节能标准现状以及交通行业节能标准现状的总结与分析,明确面临的形势。对北京市交通节能减排标准进行梳理,确定存在的问题。给出基于系统工程论方法的标准体系的构建维度,并给出交通节能减排标准体系的六维构建方法。结合北京的实际情况,给出北京市交通节能减排标准的体系框架。     

我国首批两项节能减排联盟标准发布

在2012年6月13日--14日举办的“中国节能减排标准化论坛”上,全国节能减排标准化技术联盟发布了两项节能减排联盟标准：《项目层面的温室气体减排成效评价技术规范》（STCE1—2012）和《钢铁工业余能利用项目的温室气体减排成效评价技术规范》（STCE2—2012）,是该联盟首次发布的标准。     

创新市容评价：卫生达标否 居民说了算

身边公厕臭不臭？哪里环境脏乱差？市政市容委消息，北京市将开展市容环境卫生公共社会评价。选取市民代表对所在地区的市容环境情况进行问卷调查。市政市容委表示，通过调查了解，发现每季度市容环境卫生工作中存在的主要问题，为环卫行政管理部门研究规划部署下一阶段工作重点等提供相关信息及决策依据。     

赣榆质监局大力推进节能减排技术

江苏赣榆质监局发挥计量节能的技术优势和服务优势,围绕“能源计量与节能减排”主题,按照标准、计量、执法相结合的节能降耗服务机制,强化对重点项目企业的节能管理工作,加强节能减排执法监察,大力推进节能减排技术,不仅实现企业良性发展,还使该县单位GDP能耗下降了4．8％。     

我国首个节能减排技术联盟标准草案形成

日前,节能减排标准化技术联盟的第一项联盟标准草案——《基于项目的温室气体减排成效评价技术规范》（以下简称《规范》）启动会在中国标准化研究院召开。这意味着在我国节能减排领域。除了人们熟知的国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准外,联盟标准也将开始发挥作用。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.