基于粒子群优化算法与BP神经网络的高铁客运量预测算法

本次通过基于粒子群优化算法与BP神经网络相结合的方式对高铁客运量进而预测,利用粒子群优化算法对BP神经网络进行优化与训练,通过经过改进的BP神经网络对高铁客运量进行预测.经实验研究发现,本次研究所提出的预测算法比常规BP神经网络模型预测精度更高,在样本数据量较少的情况下有明显的应用优势.     

粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的粉尘浓度预测

对综采工作面粉尘浓度预测的方法是建立BP神经网络预测模型.为了提高算法的拟合能力及预测的准确度,使用粒子群算法对目标函数进行改进,即将粒子群算法寻到的最优权值和阈值应用于神经网络预测模型求综采工作面粉尘浓度.比较分析新的预测模型与常用的灰色模型以及标准的BP神经网络算法,结果表明粒子群优化的神经网络算法的拟合能力和预测的准确率显著提高.     

改进PSO-BP神经网络对储层参数的动态预测研究

为提高BP神经网络的收敛速度和泛化能力,防止其陷入局部最优值,在前人工作基础上对传统粒子群算法进行了改进,具体包括：设定最大限制速度、改变惯性权重因子和改进适应度函数,并把改进粒子群算法应用于BP神经网络权值和阈值的优化。之后利用改进粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络实现对储层参数的动态预测,具体步骤为：确定神经网络的输入、输出神经元,定量化时间参数[T],利用训练样本构建神经网络模型并进行检验。最后通过平均训练误差对仿真过程进行分析,结果表明改进PSO-BP算法的收敛性与泛化能力均优于BP算法和PSO-BP算法。     

改进PSO优化BP神经网络的混沌时间序列预测

为提高BP神经网络预测模型的预测准确性,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的混沌时间序列预测方法。引入自适应变异算子对陷入局部最优的粒子进行变异,改进了粒子群算法的寻优性能; 利用改进粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,训练BP神经网络预测模型求得最优解。将该预测方法应用到几个典型的非线性系统的混沌时间序列进行有效性验证,结果表明了该方法对典型混沌时间序列具有更好的非线性拟合能力和更高的预测准确性。     

改进粒子群优化BP神经网络的PM2.5预测

针对PM2.5预测的非线性不确定特点,提出基于改进粒子群优化BP神经网络的空气PM2.5浓度预测模型.引入混沌映射和对立学习改进粒子群算法;引入对立学习提高初始解的质量;引入混沌Tent映射改进粒子随机搜索,避免局部最优;引入自适应惯性权重均衡局部开发和全局勘探能力.利用改进粒子群对BP神经网络权值和阈值进行迭代寻优,基于最优参数BP神经网络做PM 2.5预测,有效避免神经网络训练时陷入局部最优,提升收敛速度.选取某市某时段的PM2.5日均浓度数据进行实验分析,结果表明IPSO-BP预测准确度更高,收敛速度更快.     

一种混合量子粒子群算法在神经网络设计中的应用

将混合量子粒子群算法（HQPSO）应用于神经网络设计,可以在对网络拓扑结构优化的同时对连接权重进行求解。该算法引入了选择机制,使优势粒子得以保留,并在训练后期使用BP算法提高训练精度,具有较高的进化效率。通过对混沌时序信号的预测,表明HQPSO算法改进了神经网络的学习性能和泛化能力。     

基于新的改进粒子群算法的BP神经网络在拟合非线性函数中的应用

介绍了一种基于新的改进粒子群算法(NIPSO)的BP神经网络来解决拟合非线性函数所出现的误差较大的问题。此算法在粒子群优化算法基础上,分别让权重和学习因子非线性和线性变化,建立基于新的粒子群优化算法的新模型,再与BP神经网络结合之后来拟合非线性函数。结果表明,新的改进粒子群优化算法更加合理且高效地提高了BP神经网络的拟合能力,减小了拟合误差,提高了拟合精度。     

基于最具影响粒子群优化的BP神经网络训练

系统地介绍了粒子群优化算法,将粒子群优化算法用于BP神经网络的学习训练,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法——最具影响粒子PSO算法BIPSO,并利用复合适应度即均方误差和误差均匀度之和作为BIPSO训练神经网络的指标,并对它与其他的神经网络训练算法诸如BP算法、GA算法、PSO算法进行了比较。实验结果表明:BIPSO性能优于其他算法,更容易找到全局最优解,具有更好的收敛性。     

基于深度学习的步态识别算法优化研究

基于深度学习的神经网络,对步态识别算法进行了优化研究。利用粒子群优化BP神经网络阈值、权值,在神经网络中代入优化后的初始值进行训练,避免陷入局部最优。通过Vicon MX系统对角度特征值进行采集,利用基于粒子群优化BP神经网络进行识别,验证其识别步态的可行性;筛选出传感器系统特征值,在对其优化改进时选取粒子群优化BP神经网络。与传统神经网络法、粒子群优化法相比,基于粒子群优化BP神经网络法的识别方式,识别时间短且识别率高。     

改进的粒子群算法优化神经网络及应用

针对神经网络权值选取不精确的问题,提出改进的粒子群优化算法结合BP神经网络动态选取权值的方法。在改进的粒子群优化算法中,采用动态惯性权重,并且认知参数与社会参数相互制约。同时,改进的粒子群优化算法结合差分进化算法使粒子拥有变异与交叉操作,保持粒子的多样性。基于改进的粒子群优化算法与BP神经网络,构建IPSONN神经网络模型并运用于酒类品质的预测。实验分别从训练精度、正确率及粒子多样性三方面验证了IPSONN模型的有效性。     

组合模型在传染病预测中的应用研究

研究传染病预测问题,由于受到外界因素和人体内部因素共同影响,具有不规则变动和非线性动态特点。传染病发生具有季节性、周期性和非规则等变化特点,单一模型只能预测中部分变化特点,预测误差比较大。为降低传染病预测误差,提出一种组合模型的传染病预测方法。首先分别采用ARIMA和LSSVM模型对传染病发生趋势进行预测,然后将两者预测结果输入到LSSVM重新进行学习,最后得到组合模型的预测结果。采用组合模型对某市乙肝发病率进行仿真。结果表明,组合模型降低了乙肝发病率的预测误差,预测结果更加可靠,为传染病预测工作提供新的技术手段。     

Variable activation function extreme learning machine based on residual prediction compensation

For solving the problem that extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm uses fixed activation function and cannot be residual compensation, a new learning algorithm called variable activation function extreme learning machine based on residual prediction compensation is proposed. In the learning process, the proposed method adjusts the steep degree, position and mapping scope simultaneously. To enhance the nonlinear mapping capability of ELM, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize variable parameters according to root-mean square error for the prediction accuracy of the mode. For further improving the predictive accuracy, the auto-regressive moving average model is used to model the residual errors between actual value and predicting value of variable activation function extreme learning machine (V-ELM). The prediction of residual errors is used to rectify the prediction value of V-ELM. Simulation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of this method by using Pole, Auto-Mpg, Housing, Diabetes, Triazines and Stock benchmark datasets. Also, it was implemented to develop a soft sensor model for the gasoline dry point in delayed coking and some satisfied results were obtained.     

基于最小二乘支持向量回归的水质预测

水质系统是一个开放的、复杂的、非线性动力学系统,具有时变复杂性,针对水质预测方法的研究虽然已经取得了一些成果,但也存在预测精度与计算复杂度等难题。为此,本文提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量回归的水质预测算法。支持向量机是机器学习中一种常用的分类模型,通过核函数将非线性数据从低维映射到高维空间,在高维空间实现线性分类和回归,最小二乘支持向量回归（LS-SVR）利用所有的样本参与回归拟合,使得回归的损失函数不再只与小部分支持向量样本有关,而是由所有样本参与学习修正误差,提高预测精度;同时该算法将标准SVR求解问题由不等式的约束条件及凸二次规划问题转化成线性方程组来求解,提高了运算速度,解决了非线性复杂特性的水质预测问题。     

DRLSTM: A dual-stage deep learning approach driven by raw monitoring data for dam displacement prediction

Dam displacement is an important indicator of the overall dam health status. Numerical prediction of such displacement based on real-world monitoring data is a common practice for dam safety assessment. However, the existing methods are mainly based on statistical models or shallow machine learning models. Although they can capture the timing of the dam displacement sequence, it is difficult to characterize the complex coupling relationship between displacement and multiple influencing factors (e.g., water level, temperature, and time). In addition, input factors of most dam displacement prediction models are artificially constructed based on modelers’ personal experience, which lead to a loss of valuable information, thus prediction power, provided by the full set of raw monitoring data. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel dual-stage deep learning approach based on one-Dimensional Residual network and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) unit, referred to herein as the DRLSTM model. In the first stage, the raw monitoring sequence is processed and spliced with convolution to form a combined sequence. After the timing information is extracted, the convolution direction is switched to learn the complex relationship between displacement and its influencing factors. LSTM is used to extract this relationship to obtain Stage I prediction. The second stage takes the difference between the actual measurement and the Stage I prediction as inputs, and LSTM extracts the stochastic features of the monitoring system to obtain Stage II prediction. The sum of two stage predictions forms the final prediction. The DRLSTM model only requires raw monitoring data of water level and temperature to accurately predict displacement. Through a real-world comparative study against four commonly used shallow learning models and three deep learning models, the root mean square error and mean absolute error of our proposed method are the smallest, being 0.198 mm and 0.149 mm respectively, while the correlation coefficient is the largest at 0.962. It is concluded that the DRLSTM model performance well for evaluating dam health status.     

Combined genetic algorithm optimization and regularized orthogonalleast squares learning for radial basis function networks

Presents a two-level learning method for radial basis function (RBF) networks. A regularized orthogonal least squares (ROLS) algorithm is employed at the lower level to construct RBF networks while the two key learning parameters, the regularization parameter and the RBF width, are optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) at the upper level. Nonlinear time series modeling and prediction is used as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this hierarchical learning approach.     

基于Mask R-CNN的电力设备锈迹检测

电力设备锈迹目标的识别在电力安全方面具有极高的应用价值，但是锈迹具有大小、形状不规则等特点，利用传统的机器学习算法检测效率和准确率不高.针对这一问题，研究分析锈迹特点，提出基于Mask R-CNN的电力设备锈迹检测识别方法.使用Faster R-CNN完成目标检测的功能，FCN精准的完成语义分割的功能，实现像素级别的分类识别，较好地解决了不规则锈迹的检测问题.实验结果表明，基于Mask R-CNN的电力设备锈迹检测结果准确率高.     

Anticipation-Based Temporal Sequences Learning in Hierarchical Structure

Temporal sequence learning is one of the most critical components for human intelligence. In this paper, a novel hierarchical structure for complex temporal sequence learning is proposed. Hierarchical organization, a prediction mechanism, and one-shot learning characterize the model. In the lowest level of the hierarchy, we use a modified Hebbian learning mechanism for pattern recognition. Our model employs both active 0 and active 1 sensory inputs. A winner-take-all (WTA) mechanism is used to select active neurons that become the input for sequence learning at higher hierarchical levels. Prediction is an essential element of our temporal sequence learning model. By correct prediction, the machine indicates it knows the current sequence and does not require additional learning. When the prediction is incorrect, one-shot learning is executed and the machine learns the new input sequence as soon as the sequence is completed. A four-level hierarchical structure that isolates letters, words, sentences, and strophes is used in this paper to illustrate the model     

基于标签噪声鲁棒学习的疾病风险预测

疾病风险预测能够筛查易患人群, 并在早期进行预防干预措施以降低疾病的发生率及死亡率. 随着机器学习技术的快速发展, 基于机器学习的疾病风险预测得到了广泛应用. 然而, 机器学习十分依赖于高质量的标注信息, 医疗数据中存在的标签噪声会给构建高性能的疾病风险预测算法带来严峻挑战. 针对这一问题, 本文提出了一种基于深度神经网络和动态截断损失函数的噪声鲁棒学习方法用于疾病风险预测. 该方法引入动态截断损失函数, 融合了传统交叉熵函数的隐式加权特性和均方差损失函数的标签噪声鲁棒性; 通过构造训练损失下界, 并引入样本动态加权机制减小可疑样本的梯度, 限制可能的带噪样本在训练过程中的权重, 进一步增强模型的鲁棒性. 以脑卒中筛查数据集为例进行实验, 结果表明本文算法在各个标签噪声比例下均能取得良好的预测性能, 可降低疾病风险预测中标签噪声的负面影响, 实现了带有标签噪声数据的鲁棒学习.     

财务困境预测模型与仿真研究

公司财务困境受到决策者、市场、经济和政策多种因素影响,针对传统预测方法预测精度低缺陷,提出了一种贝叶斯判别分析的财务困境预测方法。首先选用了反映公司财务状况的24个指标作判别因子,建立了公司财务困境的贝叶斯判别分析模型,然后采用85个上市公司的实际数据作为学习样本建立贝叶斯判别函数,以交差确认估计法对判别准则进行评价,以验证模型的有效性,最后利用判别函数对5个待评价公司进行预测,得到判别函数值,进行仿真。结果表明,采用贝叶斯判别分析模型提高了公司财务困境的预测精度,是一种有效的财务困境预测方法。     

融合认知心理学理论的新型教与学优化算法及应用

针对教与学优化算法(teaching-learning-based optimization, TLBO)寻优精度低、易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种融合认知心理学理论的新型教与学优化算法(cognitive psychology teaching-learning-based optimization, CPTLBO)。在教阶段融入登门槛效应理论,对于学习有困难的学生设置阶段性学习目标,从而提高学生的整体水平;在学阶段加入老师引导机制,提高算法收敛速度;随后,加入自我调整阶段,学生根据心理控制源理论可被分为内控型和外控型,不同类型的学生对自身成绩采取不同的归因方式并采取相应措施。利用经典的基准测试函数对CPTLBO进行测验,结果表明改进算法在寻优精度和收敛速度方面具有优势。构建CPTLBO-ELM自来水供水量预测模型,采用CPTLBO算法优化极端学习机的输入权值和隐含层阈值参数,以提高模型的预测精度和泛化能力。仿真结果表明:用CPTLBO算法优化后的模型预测结果更准确。