Discontinuous Space-Vector Modulation for Three-Level PWM Rectifiers

This paper presents the implementation and experimental verification of two discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) methods for three-phase, three-level rectifiers. DPWM's features, such as improved waveform quality, lower switching losses, reduced ac-side passive component size, are investigated and compared to the conventional continuous pulsewidth modulation (CPWM). These features allow higher power density and/or efficiency to be achieved and are important targets for the next generation of power rectifiers. The implementation of the two DPWM strategies is explained by means of space-vectors representation and modulation functions. A detailed analysis of both ac-side and dc-side current waveforms is presented, and there is excellent agreement between the analytical, simulated and experimental results for the mains current ripple amplitude and output center-point current over the practical modulation range. Finally, the control of the center-point voltage is discussed.     

Dual-Modulator Compensation Technique for Parallel Inverters Using Space-Vector Modulation

In common dc-link parallel-inverter systems, the amplitudes and the phase angles of three-phase inverters can be separately adjusted to control power sharing. However, when the space-vector modulation technique is used in a parallel-inverter system without the output transformers, the zero-sequence circulating current will occur. This paper provides detailed analysis of the zero-sequence circulating current and proposes a novel dual-modulator compensation technique for eliminating the zero-sequence circulating current caused by power-sharing control systems. Results obtained from both simulation and experiments confirmed the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method.      

A Fully Integrated Spread-Spectrum Clock Generator by Using Direct VCO Modulation

A compact architecture for a fully-integrated spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) using voltage-controlled oscillator direct modulation is presented in this paper. A dual-path loop filter in the phase-locked loop is employed to reduce the size of the capacitance in the filter with the aid of an extra charge pump and a unity gain amplifier. At the same time, a third-charge pump which generates triangular waves is used to perform the function of a spread-spectrum. The proposed circuit has been fabricated using a 0.35-$mu{hbox {m}}$ CMOS single-poly quadruple-metal process. The clock rate from 50 to 480 MHz with a center spread range of between 0.5% and 2% are verified and are close to the theoretical analyses. The size of the chip area is $0.82times 0.8 {hbox {mm}}^{2}$ (including the loop filter) and the power consumption was 27.5 mW at 400 MHz.      

一种脉冲调频式飞机交流发电机电压调节器设计研究

本文介绍了一种基于集成电路的脉冲调频式航空交流发电机电压调节器的设计方法,给出了具体的硬件电路。结合三级式航空交流发电机进行了调试,调试结果表明,调压系统具有抗干扰能力强、调压精度高的特点。该方法可为各种航空交流发电机电压自动调节的工程实现提供参考。     

Wound Rotor Induction Generator With Sensorless Control and Integrated Active Filter for Feeding Nonlinear Loads in a Stand-Alone Grid

This paper describes a vector control scheme for a stand-alone generator based on a wound rotor induction machine with rotor side control. The stand-alone generator refers to an isolated grid feeding a local load. The primary objective of the control scheme is to maintain constant voltage and frequency at the output of the generator irrespective of prime mover speed variation. A novel, simple, and easily implementable sensorless control scheme is proposed. The issue of power quality, which is one of the main concerns of a stand-alone generation system, is also addressed. This is done by incorporating the active filter concept in the control scheme to cancel significant harmonics. A method of unit vector generation for field-oriented control is proposed. A laboratory prototype consisting of back-to-back insulated-gate bipolar transistor converters and a TMS320F240 DSP controller is developed. Detailed experimental results are presented which demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

A Stochastic-Based FPGA Controller for an Induction Motor Drive With Integrated Neural Network Algorithms

This paper applies stochastic theory to the design and implementation of field-oriented control of an induction motor drive using a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and integrated neural network (NN) algorithms. Normally, NNs are characterized as heavily parallel calculation algorithms that employ enormous computational resources and are less useful for economical digital hardware implementations. A stochastic NN structure is proposed in this paper for an FPGA implementation of a feedforward NN to estimate the feedback signals in an induction motor drive. The stochastic arithmetic simplifies the computational elements of the NN and significantly reduces the number of logic gates required for the proposed NN estimator. A new stochastic proportional-integral speed controller is also developed with antiwindup functionality. Compared with conventional digital controls for motor drives, the proposed stochastic-based algorithm enhances the arithmetic operations of the FPGA, saves digital resources, and permits the NN algorithms and classical control algorithms to be easily interfaced and implemented on a single low-complexity, inexpensive FPGA. The algorithm has been realized using a single FPGA XC3S400 from Xilinx, Inc. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform using a Real Time Digital Simulator is built in the laboratory. The HIL experimental results are provided to verify the proposed FPGA controller.     

A Photonic UWB Generator Reconfigurable for Multiple Modulation Formats

In this letter, we propose and demonstrate a simple and flexible optical ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator that can be reconfigured for pulse-position modulation, biphase modulation, and pulse-shape modulation. The system is implemented using a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and an electrically reconfigurable asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI). The AMZI consists of a polarization modulator (PolM), a polarization controller (PC), a section of polarization-maintaining fiber, and an optical polarizer. By adjusting the PC and the drive voltage to the PolM, the system is reconfigured to generate UWB signals with different modulation formats. An experiment is performed, which verifies the proposed technique.     

Coordinated Nonlinear Speed Control Approach for SI Engine With Alternator

In the paper, the speed control problem for spark-ignition (SI) engine with alternator is investigated. The problem is addressed from the engine side and the alternator side, respectively, and two coordinated control schemes are proposed for two different operating modes. From the engine side, the torque produced by the alternator is treated as the external disturbance, and a state feedback controller with the magnetic torque feedforward is designed for regulating the engine speed. And from the alternator side, the engine torque ripple is considered as the external disturbance of the alternator rotational dynamics. A disturbance rejection method is proposed to achieve the L ₂-gain performance for the speed servo error. Finally, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches, some simulation results will be shown     

电网电压跌落时双馈感应风力发电系统无功功率控制策略

为提高双馈风力发电机在电网电压跌落时的不间断运行能力,提出了双馈风力发电机(DIFG)转子侧变流器无功支持控制策略,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该控制方案在不增加硬件成本的基础上提供无功支持,降低了电网压降,减少了直流母线电压波动,提高了双馈风力发电系统的低压穿越能力。     

一种基于OQAM调制的OFDM实现改进方案

本文提出了一种基于基带的OFDM／OQAM实现改进的方案，利用传输信号的对称性，将原来是N点的FFT和N个滤波器组等效成N/2点的：FFT和N/2个滤波器组的结构。通过与一般OFDM／OQAM实现系统复杂度比较，表明改进后的系统大大改善了系统的复杂性。     

Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Generator for Induction Heating Gensets

This paper presents a single-phase slotless axial-flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine for induction heating gensets. A full-scale prototype of the machine (110 kVA, 400 Hz, 690 A) has been designed and subsequently analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA). Induced current distributions in the permanent magnets and in the rotors have also been calculated through FEA, showing that the resulting losses are kept at bay due to the low armature reaction. An effective way of achieving regulation of the power transferred to the load has been analytically derived. The prototype has also been built, and experimental tests confirm the aforesaid analyses.     

Widely Tunable Separate Absorption and Modulation Wavelength Converter With Integrated Microwave Termination

A widely tunable wavelength converter utilizing a separate absorption and modulation configuration and only dc bias connections is demonstrated. The device integrates an SG-DBR laser with a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator and an optically pre-amplified receiver and introduces a simplified bias scheme by the inclusion of passive resistor and capacitor circuit elements. We discuss a the design of these passive elements and their compatibility with fabrication of photonic integrated circuits. The device demonstrates over 12 GHz optical bandwidth and error free 10 Gb/s wavelength conversion is achieved with less than 2.5 dB power penalty over 25 nm of output tuning.     

双馈感应风力发电机直接转矩控制的研究

直接转矩控制技术已经广泛应用于感应发电机的调速控制领域,并已取得良好的控制效果,而双馈风力发电机的直接转矩控制主要工作在低频区域,并且它的低频特性是一个研究热点。文章对变速恒频双馈风力发电机直接转矩控制进行了理论分析,阐述了它的工作原理结构,推导出具体的控制方程,并对它进行仿真,结果证明双馈感应风力发电机直接转矩控制在风力发电系统中具有利用率高,并网冲击小,并网速度快的优点。     

50-W LTCC Transmitter Utilizing 28-V GaAs With Integrated High-Speed Pulse Modulation

This letter presents an S-band 50-W low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) transmitter module. The module is based on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) chipset that operates over the 2–3 GHz range and includes a 28-V single-chip power amplifier with integrated high-speed drain modulator. The transmitter has rise/fall times $≪$ 7 nsec, linear frequency tuning, and excellent thermal performance.      

A UWB-IR Transmitter With Digitally Controlled Pulse Generator

A novel transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio has been developed. The proposed architecture enables low-power operation, simple design, and accurate pulse-shape generation. The phase and amplitude of the pulse are controlled separately and digitally to generate a desired pulse shape. This digital control method also contributes to the low-power transmission and eliminates the need for a filter. The transmitter is fabricated using a 0.18-mum CMOS process. The core chip size is only 0.40 mm². From experimental measurements, it was found that the generated signal satisfied the FCC spectrum mask, and the average power dissipation was only 29.7 mW at A 2.2-V supply voltage. Therefore, the developed UWB transmitter generates accurate pulses with low power consumption and simple design architecture     

A Low-Jitter Open-Loop All-Digital Clock Generator With Two-Cycle Lock-Time

A portable clock generator, which solves the duty ratio and jitter problems of the input clock, has been developed. In the proposed clock generator, the complementary delay line generates a series of multiphase clocks. The 0-to-1 transition detector finds the 2 pi phase delayed position among the multiphase clocks produced by the complementary delay line, and then, the select signal generator chooses the proper path to generate the delayed output clock. As a result, the proposed open-loop and full-digital architecture achieves a fast lock time of two clock cycles. Also, it is a simple, robust and portable IP and consumes only 17 mW at an input clock frequency of 1.6 GHz. In addition, a complementary delay line is implemented to achieve high phase resolution over a wide frequency range. The proposed clock generator is implemented in a 0.18-mum CMOS process and, occupies an active area of 170 mum times 120 mum. Also, it operates at various input frequencies ranging from 800 MHz to 1.6 GHz.     

利用CMOS技术实现pH-ISFET传感器集成化的设计

在对离子敏场效应晶体管(ISFET)基本结构及电学特性分析的基础上,提出了一种基于CMOS技术实现ISFET与信号处理电路集成化的设计方法.模拟仿真的结果表明,所采用的ISFET/MOSFET"互补对"结构的信号读取电路形式能够抑制"温漂"和克服"硅衬底体效应"对器件测量灵敏度的影响,是一种适用于ISFET集成设计的信号读取方式.     

Phase Modulation With Interferometric Detection as an Alternative to Intensity Modulation With Direct Detection for Analog-Photonic Links

We analyze the performance of analog-photonic links employing phase modulation with interferometric demodulation and compare it to intensity-modulation direct-detection links. We derive expressions for RF gain, RF noise figure, compression dynamic range, and spurious-free dynamic range for both architectures. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that phase-modulated links can outperform intensity-modulated links over substantial frequency ranges.     

STATCOM-Based Voltage Regulator for Self-Excited Induction Generator Feeding Nonlinear Loads

This paper deals with the performance analysis of a static compensator (STATCOM)-based voltage regulator for self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) supplying nonlinear loads. In practice, a number of loads are nonlinear in nature, and therefore, they inject harmonics in the generating systems. The SEIG's performance, being a weak isolated system, is very much affected by these harmonics. The additional drawbacks of the SEIG are poor voltage regulation and that it requires an adjustable reactive power source with varying loads to maintain a constant terminal voltage. A three-phase insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-based current-controlled voltage source inverter working as STATCOM is used for harmonic elimination, and it provides the required reactive power for the SEIG, with varying loads to maintain a constant terminal voltage. A dynamic model of the SEIG-STATCOM feeding nonlinear loads using stationary d-q axes reference frame is developed for predicting the behavior of the system under transient conditions. The simulated results show that SEIG terminal voltage is maintained constant, even with nonlinear balanced and unbalanced loads, and free from harmonics using STATCOM-based voltage regulator