Challenge in Protecting Famous Historic and Cultural Cities in New Situation and Some Issues in Understanding

China is now in a period of fast economic growth withlarge-scale construction.Especially since 1992 some statelevel famous historic and cultural cities are undergoing aprocess of land leasing and transferring the the land userights,trying to attract domestic and foreign fund for devel-opment of their old city propers.Therefore, it has becomeextremely urgent as to how to handle properly the relation-ship between conservation of these cities and their econom-ic development and construction. It is well known that China is a country with an an-cient civilization.Its rich historic remains and cultural heri-tage are appreciated by the whole world. The protectionand preservation of this heritage is an issue of concern notonly for all the decendents of the Chinese nation but alsofor other countries and peoples,for this heritage is an essen-tial part of the cultural heritage of the whole mankind.Tenitems from China have been included in the list of the worldnatural and cultural heritages under protection publish     

f typhoid and paratyphoid fever in

laboratory records in this 10 years were analyzed.Results A total of 47 305 typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases were reported in Guangxi this 10 yea     

Pesticides measured in air and precipitation in the Yamaska Basin (Québec): occurrence and concentrations in 2004

Air and precipitation samples were collected and analyzed for 91 pesticides or metabolites from May to September 2004 at St. Damase, an agricultural site located in Yamaska basin in Québec, Canada. A broad range of pesticides was detected during this experiment where 40 different compounds were measured. Most of the samples showed more than 10 simultaneous pesticide detections and sometimes reaching 19 simultaneous detections. The most detected pesticides in air were trifluralin, metolachlor and captan, which were found in all the samples during the 5 months of measurements. For the detected compounds, the average concentrations ranged from 4 pg/m3 to 8 ng/m3. Some of the pesticides detected in air were found in precipitation samples as well showing that wet deposition can occur and have an impact on aquatic ecosystems. The most important pesticides detected were related to corn and soya cultivations, the two main cultures in this region highlighting that the major sources come from local applications. On the other hand, the detection of some pesticides in precipitation which were undetectable in air implies that some compounds may have a long range transport origin.     

Recent catastrophic landslides and mitigation in China

Increasing population density and development of mountainous terrain have brought human settlements within reach of landslide hazards.In recent years,due to the shortening of return period for severe natural events such as heavy rainfall,snowline retreating,great earthquake together with human activities,catastrophic landslides happened more frequently than before,resulting in large-scale casualties due to the increasing occurrences of rapid long-runout rock avalanches,especially in China.This paper present...     

Phosphorus in rivers — ecology and management

This paper examines the nature of the risk to riverine ecosystems from artificially enhanced loads of phosphorus, considers the key sources of phosphorus enrichment and ways of controlling them, and provides a framework for developing control strategies. The aquatic plant community is the foundation for a healthy and diverse riverine ecosystem, providing food, shelter and breeding habitats for a wide range of animal species. Phosphorus enrichment in rivers can degrade the plant community by altering the competitive balance between different aquatic plant species, including both higher plants and algae. This has consequences for the whole ecosystem. To promote healthy riverine plant communities and the wide range of animal species dependent on them, phosphorus concentrations need to be reduced to as near to background levels as possible. The risk of adverse effects declines as phosphorus concentrations approach background levels, such that any incremental reduction should be seen as a positive step towards trophic restoration. Pragmatic management targets vary between 0.02 and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ soluble reactive phosphorus, depending on river type, with an interim target of 0.2 mg l⁻¹ for heavily enriched rivers. Continuous point sources of phosphorus, dominated by sewage treatment works, have a highly important influence on levels of bioavailable phosphorus in the water column through the growing season. It is important to tackle point sources comprehensively so that reductions in phosphorus concentrations are maximised during this critical time of year. Diffuse sources of phosphorus, particularly from agriculture, are a major contributor to phosphorus levels in riverine sediments, where it can be utilised by benthic algae and rooted plants. This phosphorus can also be released into the water column by a variety of processes. As point sources are brought under control, the relative contribution from diffuse sources becomes increasingly important. An integrated programme of control, involving proactive action on both point and diffuse sources, will be required in most circumstances to bring phosphorus levels in the water column and sediment down to near background levels.     

Housing development and policy change: what has changed in Turkey in the last decade in the owner-occupied and rented sectors?

Since 2002, The Justice and Development Party has been governing in Turkey. From their first period to the current, major changes have been observed in the Turkish housing system, regarding both owner occupied and rented sectors. First one is the introduction of Mortgage Law in 2007. As already a home-owner society with a 64.16 % share in urban areas (2003), home ownership ratios can be argued to increase in coming periods. Second modification in owner occupied sector was significant policy change in Housing Development Administration (HDA) of Turkey. With a “housing mobilization” project, almost 500,000 new dwellings were built by HDA all over the country in 10 years. This has been a record in HDA’s history. Remarkable changes occurred in the rented sector as well. Originally, Turkey has been characterized with absence of public renting and considerable proportion of private rented stock especially in the big cities. Governments did not develop social rented housing and pro-owner laws have been followed. Renters could face eviction under certain situations determined by the Law on Property Rents, however these were subject to misuse by homeowners. As a third major change, a new Code of Obligations was introduced superseding Law on Property Rents. In this paper, recent changes in both rented and owner occupied sectors of the Turkish housing system are analyzed with reference to mortgage law, HDA’s new policies and changes in private renting legislation. In doing so, several key figures like buildings produced, inflation rate and physical attributes of private renting are provided.     

Reframing social mix in affordable housing initiatives in Italy and in the Netherlands. Closing the gap between discourses and practices?

European countries are facing rising demand for affordable housing by a widespread and differentiated audience. Both in Italy and in the Netherlands policy-makers and practitioners address this emerging need by implementing new social housing projects targeting diverse social groups – such as students, young households, welfare dependents, and refugees – which results in a fine-grained social mix. This paper discusses the development of these initiatives within wider trends in housing policies and in relation to the domestic debate on social mix in the two countries. Drawing on Magic Mix and Housing Sociale projects as case studies, respectively in the Netherlands and in Italy, we aim to explore and unfold the contemporary meanings and the practices attached to the idea of social mix. In so doing, this paper paves the way for a new conceptualization of social mix in the current post-crisis and hyper-diversified European scenario. We discuss traces of continuity and discontinuity between these forms of social mix and the mainstream idea of tenure mix, which has been a cornerstone of area-based urban renewal policy in many European countries. This paper contributes to the existing literature by offering insights into new practices of social mix in housing sphere.     

Figurations of spatiality and temporality in participatory design and after – networks,meshworks and patchworking

In recent years, many have combined actor–network theory (and after) and collective design. In this emerging field that we call participatory design and after, many have proposed and appropriated figurations such as networks, fluid, fire, thing and meshwork. In this paper, we argue that figurations do not only contribute to knowing the world, they also intervene in the becoming of worlds. This recognition of the performative character of figuration suggests that knowledge-making and world-making are inseparable, and makes it very important to be careful what figurations we imagine, articulate and use. In order to continue the work done in ANT and collective design that focuses on uncertainties, boundary-making, complexities and time, we propose the figuration of patchworking. What we particularly find generative with the figuration of patchworking is that it figures design as entanglements in multiple temporalities. Through the figuration of patchworking, we offer an approach that allows for understanding and working with multiple and overlapping collectives. This means to refigure how and where to draw the boundaries of co-designing in technological societies.     

Co-production and collaboration in planning – The difference

Processes of state-society engagement around urban development issues, termed co-production, have been documented in both the Public Administration and Development Studies fields, but until recently have not attracted much attention in planning. Yet, particularly more recent approaches and cases of co-production from global South contexts do offer the possibility of adding to planning debates in this area, by expanding the context which shapes planning ideas beyond the global North, and perhaps shifting planning theory in the direction of becoming truly international. The paper identifies the important differences which underlie various strands of thinking about co-production, and also between these and planning assumptions in the area of collaborative and communicative planning.     

BMotorization in Urban China:Issues and Actions

ＭｏｔｏｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎＵｒｂａｎＣｈｉｎａ：ＩｓｓｕｅｓａｎｄＡｃｔｉｏｎｓ￥ＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＳｔａｒｅｓ；ＬｉｕＺｈｉ（ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＯｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ．ＣｈｉｎａａｎｄＭ...     

Transport in China''''s Megacities:Problems and Advice

ＴｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓＭｅｇａｃｉｔｉｅｓ：ＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄＡｄｖｉｃｅ￥ＺｈｏｕＧａｎｚｈｉ１．ＭａｉｎＴｒａｆｆｉｃＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｎｔｈｅＭｅｇａｃｉｔｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ（ｌ）ＴｈｅＲｏａｄＣａｐａｃｉｔＪ＇ｉｓ．ｆｄｒ...     

Air flows in dwellings—simulations and measurements

A study of the reliability of systems by considering the ability of different systems to maintain a required air flow rate over time is included in a subtask of IEA Annex 27 `Evaluation and Demonstration of Domestic Ventilation Systems'. Measurements and calculations were performed to determine the variation in ventilation rates due to variation in climate and variation in performance of the ventilation system. Dwellings with passive stack, mechanical exhaust and mechanical exhaust-supply ventilation, representative of the Swedish housing stock, were studied. Diagnostic tests were carried out, to discover if the installed ventilation system was functioning as designed e.g. air flows in mechanical ventilation systems and to determine certain values e.g. airtightness. The continuous monitoring included tracer gas measurements in dwellings of overall and local (individual rooms) ventilation rates, and measurements of boundary conditions, during three different periods, each lasting 1–6 days. Predictions of air flows were made for the measuring periods using COMIS, a multi-zone network model. This article presents and discusses the measurements and the calculations and compares the two. The predicted and measured average total outdoor air ventilation rates agree reasonably well. The agreement is less good for individual rooms.     

re observed in three treated groups and th

ism probably is by increasing cytoplasmic Ca 2 concentration in Vero cells.1,2-Dichloroethane(DCE); Vero cells; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Cytoplasmic Ca 2 ; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)0华南预防医学Guangdong Journal of Health and Epidemic Prevention11-13R363E059;73;EE059_7     

Research Progress in Urban Transportation and Residents' Health

Urban transportation is a major element of sustainable urban development and a key factor affecting the health of urban residents. It influences public health through noise, air pollution, social isolation, inactive modes of transportation, and sedentary behaviors. This paper reviews literature related to urban transportation and health from two perspectives: travel behavior and environmental impact. It focuses on passenger transportation and freight transportation to analyze their respective ne...     

Analytical and sampling constraints in ²¹⁰Pb dating

²¹⁰Pb dating provides a valuable, widely used means of establishing recent chronologies for sediments and other accumulating natural deposits. The Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model is the most versatile and widely used method for establishing ²¹⁰Pb chronologies but, when using this model, care must be taken to account for limitations imposed by sampling and analytical factors. In particular, incompatibility of finite values for empirical data, which are constrained by detection limit and core length, with terms in the age calculation, which represent integrations to infinity, can generate erroneously old ages for deeper sections of cores. The bias in calculated ages increases with poorer limit of detection and the magnitude of the disparity increases with age. The origin and magnitude of this effect are considered below, firstly for an idealised, theoretical ²¹⁰Pb profile and secondly for a freshwater lake sediment core. A brief consideration is presented of the implications of this potential artefact for sampling and analysis.     

Electronic commerce in construction—trends and prospects

There is growing interest in the conduct of business transactions by electronic means through the Internet and/or dedicated networks; this is often referred to as electronic commerce. This paper reviews developments in electronic commerce, with a particular focus on its applicability and uptake within the construction industry. Electronic commerce business models are reviewed and the enablers and barriers to their uptake in the construction sector presented. The paper concludes with future trends in electronic commerce and the need for construction organisations to make the necessary investments that will enable them to take advantage of these.     

Soft contractualism? Facilitating institutional change in planning and development relations in Scotland

Devolution in the United Kingdom has involved the creation of different quasi-autonomous political administrations. As part of an attempt to encourage institutional learning, there has been a turn to concordats to facilitate cooperation on matters of shared concern, to communicate appropriately and in a timely way, to work in a helpful and open manner and to treat information in confidence. In parallel, the reform of statutory land-use planning systems in the devolved United Kingdom has involved debates around the need for a cultural change to implement a relatively more positive model of planning and development amongst the diversity of stakeholders which have similarly invoked new forms of public diplomacy. The Edinburgh Planning Concordat sets out in some detail the agreed step-by-step actions to be effected and the respective responsibilities of the local authority and developers at the different stages in the land-use planning process. Such anticipated cooperation and coordination in the land-use planning and property development community could suggest a stronger basis for decision making and the articulation of the public interest. Locating the discussion against the backdrop of devolution and planning reform in Scotland, and within theories of new contractualism, this article examines the rise of ‘soft’ forms of public diplomacy as a means to facilitate cultural change and planning reform.