面向智能假肢手臂的生机接口系统与类神经协同控制

针对肢体残障患者的假肢控制问题,搭建了一种基于s EMG（表面肌电信号）的智能假肢手臂系统,实现手臂残障程度较高患者的手-肘协调控制。首先,基于肌肉协同理论,使用非负矩阵分解（NMF）方法提取肌肉协同作用,并进行手部动作识别以及肘关节的连续运动估计。其次,基于意图识别结果构建“前馈-反馈”控制框架,对受试者进行前馈监督与反馈检测;根据前馈-反馈结果调整期望的控制输入,提高假肢系统的舒适性与鲁棒性。然后,针对手部动作,构建一种自适应调整抓握力度的框架,通过力、位信息交替控制,实现不同刚度、不同形状物体的自适应抓握;对于肘部运动,设计一种基于识别结果的阻抗控制算法,实现手-肘一体化假肢的稳定的人机交互控制。最后,由6名健康受试者、1名手臂残障受试者对以上控制策略进行实验验证,对手臂整体运动实现了较为准确的意图识别,同时也完成了稳定的肘部屈伸以及手部抓取,做到了手-肘的一体化协调控制。最终该套系统在北京2022年冬残奥会实现了应用展示。     

适用不同Brunnstrom等级患者基于表面肌电信号的动作识别方法

针对不同患病程度的脑卒中患者运动意图识别率低的问题,提出了一种适用于不同Brunnstrom等级患者基于表面肌电信号（sEMG）的动作识别方法．首先将所有等级患者sEMG数据进行融合,使用tsfresh库提取特征,然后基于随机森林（random forest,RF）模型筛选特征,并利用筛选的特征训练动作分类模型．进一步,通过研究动作和康复等级的关系,确定了康复评估动作并设计了康复等级自动评估算法．为了验证所提方法的有效性,在24例患者sEMG数据上进行了测试,实验结果表明所提方法能够将9种动作和6类康复等级的平均识别精度分别提升至89.81%和94%．基于所提方法构建的手部康复机器人系统能够实现康复等级自动评估．     

基于多传感器的机器人遥操作人机交互系统

为了增强机器人人机交互系统的自然性,提出了基于多种传感器的非接触式人机交互系统设计方案,系统通过检测操作者手部动作和手部位置姿态的变化实现机器人的遥操作。研制了肌电传感器,获取手臂上一对拮抗肌上的表面肌电信号,并以此来判断机器人操作者的部分手部动作;利用Kinect体感设备和惯性测量单元获取手臂三维位置和姿态角信息。通过网络将人手的动作及位置姿态发送至机器人控制系统,以完成对机器人的控制。系统综合多种传感器的优点,极大减小了传统接触式交互方式对操作者运动范围的限制,实现了自然交互,实验表明了其有效性。     

基于机器视觉的抓握状态模型及其适用性

为了实现手部功能障碍患者在抓握康复训练中手部状态的数字化,提出采用抓握状态模型对手部状态进行识别,并通过实验分析模型的适用性与鲁棒性。首先,提出一种手部抓握状态模型,抓握对象,手部抓握类型以及手部抓握状态判定的流程。然后,采用Leap Motion对5名受试者抓握ARAT(Action Research Arm Test)标准物时的动作进行跟踪,分析抓握状态模型的适用性。最后,通过实验中抓握状态模型参数的离散度分析抓握对象尺寸、手部差异和抓握角度对抓握状态模型稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:实验中抓握状态模型参数的平均相对标准偏差为0.637,且该抓握状态模型具有良好的适用性和鲁棒性。采用基于机器视觉的抓握状态模型对手部状态识别基本满足对手部运动跟踪精度高、处理速度快等要求。     

基于遗传算法和极限学习机的Fugl-Meyer量表自动评估

为实现脑卒中上肢居家康复评定的自动化和定量化,针对临床上最常用的Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定（FMA）量表,利用极限学习机（ELM）建立了FMA量表得分自动预测模型。选取FMA肩肘部分中的4个动作,采用固定于偏瘫侧前臂和上臂的两个加速度传感器采集24名患者的运动数据,经预处理和特征提取,基于遗传算法（GA）和ELM进行特征选择,分别建立单个动作ELM预测模型和综合预测模型。结果显示,该模型可对FMA肩肘部分得分进行精确的自动预测,预测均方根误差为2.1849分。该方法突破了传统评定中主观性、耗时性的限制及对康复医师或治疗师的依赖性,可方便用于居家康复的评定。速度传感器采集24名患者的运动数据,经预处理和特征提取,基于遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）和ELM进行特征选择,分别建立单个动作ELM预测模型和综合预测模型。结果显示,该模型可对FMA肩肘部分得分进行精确的自动预测,预测均方根误差为2.1849分。该方法突破了传统评定中主观性、耗时性的限制及对康复医师或治疗师的依赖性,可方便用于居家康复的评定。     

基于矿山设备实训手部运动模型的数据手套

矿山设备实训采用虚拟现实技术互动操作真实性较差,而现有微惯性传感器式数据手套通过优化数据处理算法以减少传感器布置数量导致准确性不高。针对上述问题,在介绍人类手部结构和手部运动力学模型的基础上,分析了矿山设备实训基本动作及运动特点,提出了二指六连杆七自由度矿山设备实训手部运动模型,从而可减少微惯性传感器布置数量;基于四元数法推导了指骨位置及姿态解算算法;开发了基于矿山设备实训手部运动模型的数据手套。在手套腕部固定Tracker追踪器来获得前臂绝对坐标,在手套大拇指和食指处布置微惯性传感器以提供指骨载体坐标,并通过指骨位置及姿态解算获得指骨在导航坐标系的位置及姿态,从而实现虚拟场景手部运动姿态实时重生成。测试结果表明,矿山设备实训基本动作的最大误差为9mm,小于控件最小直径,满足矿山设备实训操作需要。     

基于Fugl-meyer特征评估模型的下肢智能康复系统

下肢智能康复系统是基于ZigBee人体局域网与Fugl-meyer特征评估模型的一款智慧医疗康复产品,该产品可有效帮助由神经系统损伤引起的下肢运动障碍患者的科学恢复。本产品通过6个传感器节点将采集的姿态数据实时上传至康复评估平台,经智能化分析并结合历史数据匹配患者康复程度的康复训练动作集后,下发命令给康复设备,最终辅助患者进行科学的康复运动。     

一种高分辨力柔性触觉传感器

本文描述了一种基于全内反射原理，用透明橡胶材料作为波导板的柔性触觉传感器。该传感器除具有一般刚性波导板触觉传感器的高分辨力等特点外，还具有柔性好，力灵敏阈值低，不怕碰撞等特点，该传感器特别适合装在智能机器人手爪上，为机器人系统高效率地获取物体形状，位置和姿态信息，实现智能抓握物体，操作物体等功能提供了有效的手段。     

基于特征工程与级联森林的中风患者手部运动肌电识别方法

针对基于表面肌电(sEMG)信号的中风患者运动意图识别率低的问题,提出了一种高识别率且适用于不同康复等级患者的手部运动意图识别方法.首先,使用30名不同康复等级患者的表面肌电数据进行了基于tsfresh库的特征提取和基于Feature-Selector库的特征选择,确定了最合适的滑动窗参数及适合患者运动识别任务的特征.然后,使用该方法进行动作识别实验,并和随机森林、卷积神经网络等方法比较,实验结果表明该方法对9种常用手部康复动作的平均识别精度为97.94％.最后,基于该方法开发了手部康复系统,通过在线识别实验分析了系统的实时性,并设计了患者跟踪实验以验证系统对患者手部康复的有效性.     

基于遗传算法和极限学习机的Fugl-Meyer量表自动评估

为实现脑卒中上肢居家康复评定的自动化和定量化,针对临床上最常用的Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定(FMA)量表,利用极限学习机(ELM)建立了FMA量表得分自动预测模型。选取FMA肩肘部分中的4个动作,采用固定于偏瘫侧前臂和上臂的两个加速度传感器采集24名患者的运动数据,经预处理和特征提取,基于遗传算法(GA)和ELM进行特征选择,分别建立单个动作ELM预测模型和综合预测模型。结果显示,该模型可对FMA肩肘部分得分进行精确的自动预测,预测均方根误差为2.1849分。该方法突破了传统评定中主观性、耗时性的限制及对康复医师或治疗师的依赖性,可方便用于居家康复的评定。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.