Deliqueszenz und Effloreszenz hygroskopischer Salzpartikeln in Partikel‐Wand‐ und Partikel‐Partikel‐Kontakten

In case of dust separation with surface filters, adhesive bonds at particle‐wall and particle‐particle contacts are of great importance. The deliquescence and efflorescence of hygroscopic salt particles can significantly influence the adhesive bonds at particle contacts with such salt particles. Therefore, to investigate these phenomena, various types of particle contacts were produced by the separation of aerosols on filtering collectors and subsequently observed in the chamber of an environmental SEM during the moisture‐induced deliquescence and efflorescence.     

Automatisierung und Optimierung von Anfahr‐, Lastwechsel‐ und Batch‐Prozessen

Continuous processes show dynamics during load changes, start‐up and shutdowns whereas batch processes exhibit inherent dynamics. In the past, the major concern of automating these dynamics states of process operation were safe and reproducible operation, however, today modern methods of process operation allow for the economic optimization at the same time. The automation and optimization of batch processes pose challenges in several areas: Mastering the high complexity, connecting heterogeneous components by automation, and combining extensive knowledge from both process engineering and automation during project execution. This contribution describes approaches from industrial practice and punctually academic research, which solutions for the challenges are readily available and how to implement these.     

Ganzzell‐ISPR‐Prozessentwicklung: Chancen und Risiken

Whole Cell ISPR Process Development: Chances and Pifalls The contribution intends to elucidate chances and pitfalls of in situ product removal (ISPR) approaches by focusing on microbial processes for the production of low molecular products. With the aid of illustrative examples of industry‐like and industrial processes, common characteristics are outlined which are hold to be important for successful commercialization. Finally, the attempt of a future prognosis for ISPR processes is given.     

Prozess‐ und Produktentwicklung von Elektroden für Li‐Ionen‐Zellen

Electromobility and storage of renewable electrical energy set high demands on the performance and the costs of lithium‐ion cells. For the production of electrodes a thorough understanding of raw materials and their processing is required. Numerous process parameters need to be monitored and controlled in the development and series production stages. This is essential for adjusting specific cell properties as well as for establishing a stable electrode production process.     

Modellierung und Simulation von Filtrations‐, Regenerations‐ und Umlagerungseffekten in Gasfiltersystemen am Beispiel eines Dieselruß‐Partikelfilters

The drastic tightening of regulations regarding emission limits of motor vehicles demands for an efficient exhaust gas treatment of diesel motor engines. One potential concept is an integrated diesel soot filter within the exhaust gas system. Basic requirement for a safe filter system operation is a fundamental comprehension of all involved individual processes. In this paper an experimentally validated CFD‐model describing the life cycle of a diesel root filter is presented. Its results can be used to fully exploit the potential of such filter systems and provide a basis for a variety of applications in the field of gas filtration.     

Synthese von Hetaryl‐pyridiniumsalzen und kondensierten 3‐Amino‐pyrid‐2‐onen

1‐(3‐Coumaryl)‐pyridinium salts 3 and 1‐(3‐coumaryl)‐tetrahydrothiophenium salts 5 were synthesized from 2‐acylphenyl chloro‐ or bromoacetates 2 . 2‐Chloro‐N¹‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐acetamide and substituted 2‐chloro‐N¹‐(2‐thienyl)‐acetamides 8 react with acetyl chloride and pyridine to yield the quinolinyl‐ and (thieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐5‐yl)‐pyridinium salts 10 . Fused thieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐ones 19 were formed from N‐chloroacetyl‐2‐aminothiophen‐3‐carbonitriles 16 with pyridine via Thorpe‐Ziegler cyclization and followed by cyclodehydrogenation. In presence of pyridine alkyl 2‐chloro‐acetylaminobenzoates 21 yield 3‐(1‐pyridinio)‐quinoline‐4‐olates 23 . Zincke‐cleavage of 10 and 23 with hydrazinium hydroxide leads to fused 3‐amino‐pyridine‐2‐ones 11 and 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐quinoline‐2‐ones 24 , respectively. Oxazoloquinolines 25 were synthesized from 24 with acetic anhydride.